ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Rui Chen,Gao Li,Jiqiang Hu,Jialin Zhang,Hanqi Zhang,Zhengong Zhou,Bing Wang
This study investigates how cracks spread in carbon fiber (CF) reinforced phthalonitrile (PN) composites (CFRPN) and ways to modify them. The dominance of plasticity in crack propagation within CFRPN presents potential safety hazards in real-world scenarios. Given the demands of the molding process and operational conditions, it is imperative that interfacial modification materials exhibit exceptional resistance to high temperatures. This research implements a high-temperature-stable interfacial modification strategy, employing self-assembled polydopamine (PDA) as the sizing agent for CF fabrics, aimed at enhancing the interfacial crack growth stability and ensuring high-temperature resistance. Experimental results indicate that PDA treatment significantly improves the type I interlaminar fracture toughness and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CFRPN. Scanning electron microscopy analysis further reveals that after the PDA coating, cracks predominantly propagate through the PN resin rather than at the interface between the fiber and resin. Therefore, using PDA as a sizing agent for CF not only strengthens the interface bonding between PN and CF but also effectively inhibits the unstable crack propagation, thereby significantly enhancing the composite’s load transfer efficiency, interfacial type I fracture toughness, and ILSS.
研究领域:
材料科学
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复合材料
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聚合物基复合材料
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断裂力学
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2015
·Vol. 37
·期 10
·3003-3014
·
IF 1.632
Tao Liu,Yunxi Li,Yu Su,Hongyang Yu,Nan Zhao,Yanhua Yang,Zhenhua Jiang
Phthalonitrile-based composites containing sodium montmorillonite (MMT 0 ) and modified montmorillonites (MMT 1 and MMT 2 ) were prepared, respectively. The effect of functionalization, content and ball milling of the clay on the morphology, thermal mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites was thoroughly investigated by such methods as small angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic, mechanical, and thermogravimetric analyses. FTIR and dynamic rheology measurements confirmed that the polymerization reaction of the PAEK-CN prepolymer between individual clay layers had occurred and that intercalated tactoids and exfoliated/delaminated structures might have formed during the curing process. Small angle X-ray scattering patterns reflected the increase of d -spacing after clay modification and the subsequent possible exfoliation of the clay platelets within the phthalonitrile composites. Elevated heat distortion temperature and improved dynamic mechanical properties were observed for the PAEK-CN/clay nanocomposites containing milled clay. Ball milling pristine clay improved the composite properties resulting from homogeneous dispersion to a certain extent, similar to the modified clay. In addition, composite properties depended on the content and modifier structures of the organoclays. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3003–3014, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
纳米技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2015
·
IF 1.286
Haitong Sheng,Fenghua Zhao,Xiaoyan Yu,Kimiyoshi Naito,Xiongwei Qu,Qingxin Zhang
Two kinds of phthalonitrile monomers based on 1,3,5-triazine structure have been synthesized. The chemical structures of the phthalonitrile monomers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis revealed the curing behavior of the monomers. Thermogravimetric analysis suggested outstanding thermal stabilities of the triazine-structured phthalonitrile polymers. Thermal decomposition kinetic analysis indicated that the activation energy of the two phthalonitrile polymers is 205.6 and 152.3 kJ mol−1, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage moduli (E′) are 3.62 GPa and 3.66 GPa, respectively, and glass transition temperatures of both the monomers are higher than 350°C. Postcuring effects were investigated, which showed that more excellent thermal and mechanical properties were achieved with postcuring.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
·
2020
·
IF 3.275
Xian He,Hao Wu,Jiangbo Lv,Menghao Chen,Tao Zhou,Yun Luo,Jianghuai Hu,Ke Zeng,Gang Yang
The investigation on the curing kinetics of phthalonitrile is of significance for understanding the curing mechanism and optimizing the curing process. Here the curing kinetics of 1,3-bis (3,4-dicyanophenoxy) benzene (3BOCN) promoted by tyrosine cyclic peptide (TCP) was studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with the aid of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCS). 2DCS revealed a multi-path curing reaction of 3BOCN/TCP system, so the peak fitting was used to calculate the kinetic parameters of the two curing pathways. The results showed that both curing pathways of 3BOCN/TCP system could be described by autocatalytic model, and the calculated values could fit well with the experimental data.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学动力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2022
·
IF 4.432
Yu Pu,Huanxin Xie,Xian He,Jiangbo Lv,Zhengzhu Zhu,Jinlang Hong,Ke Zeng,Jianghuai Hu,Gang Yang
The thiophenol derivative MPD was synthesized to promote the curing reaction of the phthalonitrile monomer 3BOCN to explore the promoting effect of sulfhydryl groups. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological measurements were performed to investigate the curing behaviors of 3BOCN/MPD blends, indicating the high curing efficiency of sulfhydryl groups. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) suggested that isoindoline, triazine and phthalocyanine structures were formed during the curing process. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the cured resins have excellent thermal stability and high glass transition temperature (T g ).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Dongqing Wang,Jiqiang Hu,Dingxuan Zhao,Jinchuan Yang,Hanqi Zhang,Bing Wang,Ming Liu
Enhancing the mechanical properties and thermal stability of phthalonitrile polymers by hybrid modification holds significant importance in broadening their thermal-structural applications within high-temperature environments. Herein, fumed silica nanoparticles were considered as modifiers for a class of phenolic-type phthalonitrile resin, i.e., PN75, and their effects on mechanical properties and thermal stability were explored. First, contact angle tests (CA) were employed to show that the PN75 melt had good wettability on hydrophilic fumed silica (FS) and poor wettability on hydrophobic fumed silica (RFS). FS had a relatively satisfactory dispersion within PN75, which was indicated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), followed by FS/PN75 nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending under vacuum, with maximum FS addition 3 wt% of PN75. Second, the flexural strength and modulus of nanocomposites were increased by 23.5% and 11.9%. Finally, thermal stability of the FS/PN75 was promoted from 21.6% to 25.6% in char residue at 800 °C in the air atmosphere by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which was contributed by the high heat-resistance and the shielding effect of FS. This work would inspire in-depth studies on modification and design of phthalonitrile-based hybrid composites for extreme thermal environment.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2017
·
IF 1.179
Abdelkhalek Henniche,Mehdi Derradji,Jun Wang,Wen-bin Liu,Jia-hu Ouyang,Aboubakr Medjahed
In this work, Ti3AlC2 Mn+ 1AXn (MAX) phase ceramic nanoparticles were prepared and used as new kind of reinforcement for a typical high-performance phthalonitrile (PN) resin. The synergistic combination of both phases led to nanocomposites with improved thermal and mechanical properties. For instance, the thermal conductivity and tensile properties of the neat resin were highly enhanced upon adding more nanofiller contents. Moreover, the PN resin toughness was ameliorated by 129% at the maximum nanoparticles loading of 15 vol%. The experimental investigations were also compared with predictions from series, Halpin–Tsai, and Kerner models, and a full discussion was provided. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope confirmed the ability of the MAX phase to create a conductive network, especially at high nanofiller amounts. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of the tensile fractured surfaces revealed positive changes in the morphology, such as an increase in the roughness and amount of hackling as well as the formation of multiple microcracks. The MAX phase also enhanced the thermal stability, stiffness, and glass transition temperature of the neat resin. This work confirms the superiority of the MAX phase ceramics over the traditional ones in enhancing the properties of the PN resin and opens the way for further research in the field.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 46
·期 9
·4072-4081
·
IF 3.925
Ting Wang,Abdul Qadeer Dayo,Zi-long Wang,Hui-min Lu,Cheng-yu Shi,Zhong-cheng Pan,Jun Wang,Heng Zhou,Wen-bin Liu
A new kind of autocatalytic phthalonitrile monomer (PN) containing siloxane segments and secondary amino groups (TSOP) was synthesized from bisphenol compound and 4-nitrophthalonitrile using K2CO3 as a catalyst. Bisphenol was a reducing agent with a Schiff base containing secondary amine groups produced by the condensation reaction of 1,3-bis(3-amino-propyl)-1,1,3,3-tetra-methyl disiloxane and vanillin. The curing behaviors, kinetics, and thermal and thermomechanical characteristics of the TSOP monomer and its polymer (poly(TSOP)) were analyzed by torque rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravity analysis (TGA), and dynamic thermal mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The non-isothermal curing kinetics results indicated that the cyano addition polymerization of the TSOP monomer was a self-catalytic reaction. The active hydrogen atoms from the secondary amino groups in the TSOP monomer could accelerate the crosslinking polymerization reaction of cyano groups, producing a decline in the curing temperature and a rise in the curing rate. Meanwhile, the TSOP monomer had a low melting temperature (77 °C) and a wide process window (110 °C) due to the introduction of flexible siloxane segments. The poly(TSOP) having phthalocyanine and a triazine ring exhibited a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) of 348 °C and good thermal stability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
·
2024
·
IF 6.5
Rui Chen,Gao Li,Jiqiang Hu,Jialin Zhang,Hanqi Zhang,Zhengong Zhou,Bing Wang
Polydopamine (PDA), recognized for its exceptional adhesion and high-temperature resistance, serves as an effective sizing agent in demanding composite material production. This study explores the application of PDA as an interface adhesive for carbon fiber-reinforced high-temperature phthalonitrile (PN) composites (CFRPN), assessing the effects of two PDA synthesis methods—electrochemical and solution oxidation—on interfacial modification. The electrochemical method uniformly fills grooves on CF surfaces, creating an optimal interface layer , yet it encounters challenges in bulk, multi-layer fiber processing . Conversely, the solution oxidation method, despite less uniform PDA distribution, exhibits greater consistency in batch processing and significantly enhances the interlaminar shear strength of CFRPN, outperforming the electrochemical method in mechanical enhancements. Given its simplicity and reduced equipment requirements, the solution oxidation method offers considerable potential for broader engineering applications .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
复合材料工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
·
2026
·
IF 8.6
Rongxiang Hu,Fenghua Zhang,Yanju Liu,Jinsong Leng
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are stimuli-responsive smart materials with great potential for engineering applications. Fiber reinforced SMP composites (SMPCs) are widely used to enhance mechanical properties while retaining shape memory performance. However, although multilayer fiber fabrics reinforced SMPC laminates offer higher mechanical strength, their deformation during shape memory process is often constrained by interfacial restrictions between adjacent plies. In this study, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interlayer strategy was developed to decouple adjacent SMPC plies, and PTFE interlayered, carbon fiber reinforced shape memory phthalonitrile laminate composites (SMPN-LC) were fabricated. Mechanical tests indicates that, at an interlaminar bonding area of 20%, SMPN-LC exhibits a tensile strength of 307 MPa and a flexural strength of 426 MPa. At the same bonding area, as the length-width ratio decreases from 6:1 to 2:1, the flexural strain of SMPN-LC increases from 1.8% to 2.9%, which is attributed to an increased length of the PTFE induced interlaminar decoupling region. SMPN-LC exhibits layer-wise shape memory behavior and can be deformed into a temporary anchor-hook structure capable of hanging a 500 g weight. By incorporating shape memory phthalonitrile aerogel (SMPNA) into SMPN-LC to obtain SMPN-LAC, the thermal conductivity decreases to 104 mW/m·K and provided good thermal insulation performance. In the compressed temporary shape, the SMPNA interlayers within SMPN-LAC recovers gradually to form layer-by-layer thermal barrier, maintaining the opposite-side temperature at around 300 °C after 600 s of butane flame exposure. This interlayer strategy endows SMPN-LAC with good thermal insulation with shape memory performance, broadening the application potential of SMPCs.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Xin Qu,Liwei Yang,Yidi Liu,Fangzheng Jia,Jingcheng Liu,Xiaojie Li,Wei Wei
Epoxy resin is widely applied for its excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability, yet its intrinsic flammability greatly limits further applications. Herein, an intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy resin (PNDEP) with phthalonitrile and Schiff base structures was synthesized via a facile, efficient three-step reaction. Then, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) was adopted as the curing agent to obtain cured PNDEP/DDM resin through thermal curing. Compared with commercial bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) epoxy resin, cured PNDEP/DDM resin showed improved comprehensive performance, which was ascribed to the higher crosslinking density, as well as the rigid isoindoline and triazine structures formed. Notably, its glass transition temperature reached 214 °C, Young’s modulus hit 5630 MPa, and char yield at 700 °C achieved 56%. Moreover, PNDEP/DDM featured a distinctive gas-condensed phase synergistic flame-retardant mechanism. Non-combustible gases produced during combustion induced foaming to form a dense and robust 3D porous sponge-like char layer, thus endowing the material with excellent flame retardancy. Specifically, it passed the UL-94 V-0 vertical burning test. And its peak heat release rate and total heat release reduced by 88.8% and 84.2%, respectively, compared with that of DGEBA/DDM system. Owing to its superior comprehensive properties, cured PNDEP/DDM resin has broad prospects in high-end fields like electronic packaging and aerospace engineering.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Jiawei Liu,Yingqing Zhan,Penglun Zheng,Pan Wang,Ying Li,Kui Li,Wei Feng,Xulin Yang
A bio-based eugenol-derived phthalonitrile (PN) monomer with allyl groups was synthesized, characterized, and subsequently utilized to modify the bismaleimide (BMI) resins. BMI/PN copolymer were fabricated via melt blending. BMI/PN system reveals a multi-stage curing mechanism involving: (i) an ene reaction between BMI and PN, (ii) homopolymerization of BMI, and (iii) cyclization of PN. This multiple curing mechanism eliminates phase separation and ensures good compatibility between BMI and PN. It also increases cross-linking density, improves toughness, and restricts the thermal motion of polymer chains when heated. The optimized BMI/PN copolymer (BMI: PN = 10:2) exhibited substantial improvements over neat BMI resin, with flexural strength, flexural toughness, tensile strength, and tensile toughness increasing by 194.3 %, 700.7 %, 232.1 %, and 446.9 %, respectively. Moreover, the glass transition temperature ( T g ) and char yield ( Y c ) were elevated by 140 °C and 11.3 %, respectively. This work offers new insights into BMI modification strategies and broadens the application potential of both BMI and PN resins.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）