查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Diatomite-Trichoderma viride composite microspheres for selective removal of anionic dyes and copper ions

Shuang Xu,Yunqing Luo,Zhanlian Han,Tong Zhang,Lianzhi Sun,Gaonan Zheng,Keying Wang,Zhiqiang Cheng

Taking into account that Trichoderma viride dispersion mycelium existed many shortcomings, such as difficult to separate, easy to deactivate, and low adsorption performance, Diatomite -Trichoderma viride (DE- T. viride ) composite microspheres were designed and prepared by chemical bonding, and anion dye and copper ion synergistic removal strategies were proposed. The adsorption performance of the composite microspheres on CR and Cu 2+ were demonstrated by Zeta potential and Fourier infrared spectroscopy . The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, involving various mechanisms such as metal chelation, polysaccharide adhesion, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. Intraparticle diffusion model identity that adsorption is controlled by multiple steps. Adsorption isotherms of CR and Cu 2+ displayed excellent agreement with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Impressively, DE- T. viride spheres exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 176.3 and 63.8 mg/g for CR and Cu 2+ . Moreover, they displayed selective adsorption for anionic dyes, with capacities 8 and 10 times higher than those for cationic and neutral ionic dyes, respectively. T. viride microspheres generates extracellular polymers, which are rich in a variety of functional groups and can adsorb metal ions through chelation and transport, moreover, it adsorbs anions with positive charge. It is worth mentioning that DE- T. viride spheres exhibited ease of separation, stability, and reproducibility even after multiple adsorption-recycling cycles, maintaining an impressive adsorption rate of 80 %. In conclusion, these multifunctional, efficient, and eco-friendly DE- T. viride spheres present promising potential for environmental remediation, particularly in removing contaminants from various environmental matrices. Their outstanding performance, selectivity , and recyclability make them a valuable and sustainable solution for addressing pollution issues and promoting environmental sustainability .

TbNACα negatively regulates Trichoderma breve T069 synthesis of ethyl caffeate and enhances antagonism of Sclerotium rolfsii1

Zhen Liu,Ning Xu,Jumei Hou,Tong Liu

The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) is involved in various biological functions in eukaryotes which have been extensively studied in animals and plants, but its role in the biocontrol action of microorganisms needs to be better understood. In this study, we investigated the function of TbNACα , one of the subunits of NAC, in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma breve T069 against Sclerotium rolfsii . The TbNACα gene was deleted from T. breve T069, and the Δ TbNACα mutant showed significantly reduced mycelial growth, spore production, and spore germination. Additionally, volatile substances from Δ TbNACα had no significant effect on S. rolfsii , while non-volatile substances significantly inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii . Transcriptome sequencing results showed that compared to wild-type T069, the Δ TbNACα mutant had 3,398 differentially expressed genes, mainly regulating the expression of genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes, hydrolases, and membrane transport proteins. Untargeted metabolomics identified 50 upregulated metabolites (27 in positive ion mode and 23 in negative ion mode) in crude extracts from Δ TbNACα mutant metabolite broth. Moreover, the metabolic substances of ethyl caffeate had the strongest activity against S. rolfsii , with an EC 50 of 107.15 μg·mL -1 . Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that genes involved in the ethyl caffeate synthesis pathway were significantly upregulated in Δ TbNACα strains. This study provides a basis for the negative regulation of ethyl caffeate synthesis and elucidates the antagonistic inhibition mechanism of TbNACα in T. breve T069.

Novel Type of Water-Soluble Photosensitizer from Trichoderma reesei for Photodynamic Inactivation of Gram-Positive Bacteria

Zihuayuan Yang,Ying Qiao,Junying Li,Fu-Gen Wu,Fengming Lin

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections, which inactivates a broad spectrum of bacteria. However, many traditional photosensitizers (PSs) are hydrophobic with poor water solubility and easy aggregation. On the other hand, some light sources such as ultraviolet (UV) have poor penetration and high cytotoxicity. Both issues lead to undesired photodynamic therapy efficacy. To overcome these issues, we develop a novel water-soluble natural PS (sorbicillinoids) obtained by microbial fermentation using recombinant filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. Sorbicillinoids could effectively generate singlet oxygen (1O2) under UV light irradiation and ultimately display photoinactivation activity on Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus but not Gram-negative ones such as Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris. Sorbicillinoids were found to enter S. aureus but not E. coli. S. aureus treated with sorbicillinoids and UV light displayed high levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), notable DNA photocleavage, and compromised cell semipermeability without overt cell membrane disruption, none of which was found in the treated E. coli. All these contribute to the sorbicillinoid-based photoinactivation of Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, the dark toxicity and phototoxicity on mammalian cells or hemolysis activity of sorbicillinoids is negligible, showing its excellent biocompatibility. This study expands the utilization of UV light for surface sterilization to disinfection in solution. Therefore, sorbicillinoids, a type of secondary metabolite from fungus, have a promising future as a new PS for APDT using a nontoxic dose of UV irradiation.

Longibramides A–E, Peptaibols Isolated from a Mushroom Derived Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG-3-1-1

Shu-Hua Zhang,Jiewei Yang,Hao Ma,Yu Yang,Guo-Feng Zhou,Xue Zhao,Rui Xu,Dan Nie,Guo-Gang Zhang,Jun-Jie Shan,Cheng-Bin Cui,Chang-Wei Li

Five new peptaibols, longibramides A–E ( 1 – 5 ) with 11 amino acid residues, were isolated from a fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG-3-1-1, which was isolated from a mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm collected from coniferous forest in the subboreal area of northeast China. The structures of longibramides A–E were determined by their spectroscopic data (NMR and MS-MS spectra), their absolute configurations were determined by X-ray diffractions and Marfey's analyses. The X-ray diffractions of longibramides A, B, and the similar CD spectra of A–E showed that they all had α -helix conformations. Longibramides B and E showed moderate cytotoxicities against BV2 and MCF-7 cells and also showed some inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA T144. L- trans- Hyp was not commonly found in natural peptaibols, which was the 6 th or 10 th amino acid residue in longibramides C–E. The X-ray diffractions of longibramides A and B afforded the accuracy conformations of their secondary structures, which maybe help to interpret the structure-activity relationships of the family of peptaibols in the future. Graphical

Novel Transcription Factor TrTRC-1 Controls Amino Acid Biosynthesis to Regulate Cellulase and Xylanase Production in Trichoderma reesei

Xiaozan Dai,Guanchen Liu,Quan Zhang,Chao Zhu,Huipeng Gao,Youduo Wu,Chi Cheng,Hailong Lin,Chuang Xue

The fungus Trichoderma reesei is widely employed for industrial enzyme production. However, the mechanisms coordinating enzyme production with amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism remain incompletely understood. Here, we characterized a novel C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, TrTRC-1, in T. reesei. The deletion of TrTRC-1 enhanced cellulase, xylanase, and extracellular protein production by 9.8–32.4% compared to that in T. reesei Rut C30, while simultaneously stimulating mycelial growth and conidiation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the deletion of TrTRC-1 significantly altered the expression of genes associated with primary metabolic pathways, amino acid biosynthesis/metabolism, and carbohydrate-active enzymes. In a 5 L bioreactor, T. reesei ΔTrTRC-1 achieved an FPase activity of 17.35 IU/mL and exhibited robust saccharification efficiency on lignocellulosic biomass. These findings demonstrate that TrTRC-1 serves as a multifunctional regulator in T. reesei, advancing our understanding of the regulatory network that balances enzyme production with cellular metabolism and providing a strategic basis for constructing microbial chassis strains with industrial application prospects.

Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol via Glycosylation Represents Novel Insights on Antagonistic Activities of Trichoderma when Confronted with Fusarium graminearum

Ye Tian,Yanglan Tan,Na Liu,Zheng Yan,Yucai Liao,Jie Chen,Sarah De Saeger,Hua Yang,Qiaoyan Zhang,Aibo Wu

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by theFusarium graminearumcomplex, which are important phytopathogens that can infect crops and lead to a serious disease calledFusariumhead blight (FHB). As the most common B type trichothecene mycotoxin, DON has toxic effects on animals and humans, which poses a risk to food security. Thus, efforts have been devoted to control DON contamination in different ways. Management of DON production byTrichodermastrains as a biological control-based strategy has drawn great attention recently. In our study, eight selectedTrichodermastrains were evaluated for their antagonistic activities onF. graminearumby dual culture on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. As potential antagonists,Trichodermastrains showed prominent inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and mycotoxin production ofF. graminearum. In addition, the modified mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), which was once regarded as a detoxification product of DON in plant defense, was detected whenTrichodermawere confronted withF. graminearum. The occurrence of D3G inF. graminearumandTrichodermainteraction was reported for the first time, and these findings provide evidence thatTrichodermastrains possess a self-protection mechanism as plants to detoxify DON into D3G when competing withF. graminearum.Keywords:mycotoxin;toxigenicFusarium;biological control;Trichoderma;modified mycotoxin

Optimization of fermentation conditions for Trichoderma hamatum T2 and its efficacy against larch shoot blight caused by Neofusicoccum laricinum

Fanghong Liu,Xiaoshuang Song,Yingying Qian,Banghao Wang,Wenfeng Cui,Boru Zhou,Xun Deng

Construction of Streptomyces lydicus A01 transformant with the chit33 gene from Trichoderma harzianum CECT2413 and its biocontrol effect on Fusaria

Wu Qiong,Bai LinQuan,Liu WeiCheng,Li YingYing,Lu CaiGe,Li YaQian,Lin ZhenYa,Wang Meng,Xue ChunSheng,Chen Jie

Streptomyces lydicus A01 resists many plant pathogens (including Fusarium spp.) by producing the antifungal agent natamycin, which binds to the ergosterol of fungal cell membranes and inhibits the growth of pathogens. Trichoderma harzianum CECT2413 is a widely-distributed soil fungus that antagonizes several plant fungal pathogens (including Fusarium spp.) by producing chitinase and degrading chitin, a major component of the fungal cell wall. This study attempted to enhance the biocontrol effect of S. lydicus A01 on Fusarium spp. by transforming the chitinase gene of Trichoderma . Chitinase and natamycin could act synergistically on both the cell walls and cell membranes of pathogens. The 33-kD chitinase-encoding gene ( chit33 ) was cloned and conjugal-transformed from T. harzianum CECT2413 to S. lydicus A01, and then confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Subsequent analyses using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry showed that compared with its wild type strain (WT), the S. lydicus A01 conjugal transformant (CT) with chit33 gene exhibited substantially higher chitinase activity and natamycin production. The resistance of S. lydicus A01- chit33 CT and WT to four Fusaria in crops and vegetables was tested via the cup-plate method. Compared with the WT, the conjugal transformant of S. lydicus A01 with chit33 gene from T. harzianum CECT2413 showed greatly increased biocontrol effect on fusarium disease. This study would be beneficial to the development of high-quality antifungal bio-agents for agricultural applications via the synergy between the previously non-existent and pre-existing functions achieved through heterogeneous gene transformation.

Sesquiterpene and Sorbicillinoid Glycosides from the Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum EN-586 Derived from the Marine Red Alga Laurencia obtusa

Ying Wang,Xiao-Ming Li,Sui-Qun Yang,Fan-Zhong Zhang,Bin-Gui Wang,Hong-Lei Li,Ling-Hong Meng

An unusual sesquiterpene glycoside trichoacorside A (1) and two novel sorbicillinoid glycosides sorbicillisides A (2) and B (3), together with a known compound sorbicillin (4), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of an endophytic fungusTrichoderma longibrachiatumEN-586, obtained from the marine red algaLaurencia obtusa. Trichoacorside A (1) is the first representative of a glucosamine-coupled acorane-type sesquiterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated based on detailed interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis, chemical derivatization, and DP4+ probability analysis. The antimicrobial activities of compounds1–4against several human, aquatic, and plant pathogens were evaluated.Keywords:Trichoderma longibrachiatum;sesquiterpene glycoside;secondary metabolites;antimicrobial activity

An l-fucose-responsive transcription factor cross-regulates the expression of a diverse array of carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma reesei

Qinqin Zhao,Liwei Gao,Nuo Xu,Xiuting Zhang,Yuqi Qin,Yinbo Qu,Guodong Liu

l -Fucose is a universal capping component of biomolecules found throughout all domains of life. Although fungi are renowned for their role in biomass recycling, the mechanisms by which they process l -fucose remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidate a l -fucose-responsive system in Trichoderma reesei , a model fungus for plant cell wall degradation. Central to this system is the transcription factor FUR1, which is indispensable for growth on l -fucose. FUR1 orchestrates the expression of l -fucose catabolic enzymes, including an l -fucose dehydrogenase that exhibits distant homology to counterparts in bacteria and mammals. Through RNA sequencing and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that FUR1 also governs the enzymatic liberation of l -fucose by upregulating extracellular α- l -fucosidases. Intriguingly, FUR1 mediates l -fucose-triggered expression of a broad spectrum of enzymes that target diverse glycosidic bonds (e.g., β-glucuronidic, α-galactosidic, and β-xylosidic linkages) within complex carbohydrates. Expression of a constitutively active FUR1 mutant unlocked the production of otherwise silent glycosidases, substantially boosting the hydrolytic capacity of the fungal secretome on orange peel. These findings offer the first molecular insight into l -fucose sensing and metabolism in fungi, and advance our understanding of the fungal regulatory network for coordinated expression of biomass-degrading enzymes. l -Fucose, is a widely present constituent of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in plants, animals and bacteria. l -Fucose frequently presents itself as a terminal monosaccharide, and plays critical roles in cell communication, immunity and host-microbe interactions. While fungi are well-known for breaking down various biomass molecules (e.g., lignocellulose) in nature, their metabolic and regulatory machineries for l -fucose utilization are enigmatic. Here, we examine the transcriptional response of Trichoderma reesei to l -fucose. We discovered that an orphan transcription factor activates the expression of l -fucose catabolic enzymes as well as extracellular α- l -fucosidases. Additionally, we found that this transcription factor also mediates the cross-induction by l -fucose of a wide range of enzymes that break down different types of glycosidic bonds. These findings provide the first understanding of how a fungus senses and metabolize l -fucose, and shed light on the complex regulatory systems that allow fungi to efficiently degrade biomass. This knowledge could help improve industrial fungal strains for the production of more efficient biomass-degrading enzymes.

How Do Trichoderma Genus Fungi Win a Nutritional Competition Battle against Soft Fruit Pathogens? A Report on Niche Overlap Nutritional Potentiates

Karolina Oszust,Justyna Cybulska,Magdalena Frąc

We present a case study report into nutritional competition betweenTrichodermaspp. isolated from wild raspberries and fungal phytopathogenic isolates (Colletotrichumsp.,Botrytissp.,Verticilliumsp. andPhytophthorasp.), which infect soft fruit ecological plantations. The competition was evaluated on the basis of nutritional potentiates. Namely, these were consumption and growth, calculated on the basis of substrate utilization located on Biolog®Filamentous Fungi (FF) plates. The niche size, total niche overlap andTrichodermaspp. competitiveness indices along with the occurrence of a stressful metabolic situation towards substrates highlighted the unfolding step-by-step approach. Therefore, theTrichodermaspp. and pathogen niche characteristics were provided. As a result, the substrates in the presence of whichTrichodermaspp. nutritionally outcompete pathogens were denoted. These were adonitol, D-arabitol, i-erythritol, glycerol, D-mannitol and D-sorbitol. These substrates may serve as additives in biopreparations ofTrichodermaspp. dedicated to plantations contaminated by phytopathogens of the generaColletotrichumsp.,Botrytissp.,Verticilliumsp. andPhytophthorasp.

Nanosilicon-based vermicompost leachate and Trichoderma harzianum promote the growth of Panax quinquefolius L. cultivated under forests by improving soil enzyme activity

Qiaoran Ma,Guobing Tian,Shengchao Yang,Junwen Chen,Wei Fan,Ping Zhao,Yan Wang,Jiamin Liu,Yonglin Liu,Shuhui Zi,Shuran He

Planting vegetation under forests in agroforestry systems fosters sustainable agricultural development. However, Limited availability of biostimulants for agroforestry and unclear mechanisms of plant growth promotion. This study synthesized and evaluated a novel biostimulant, nanosilicon-based vermicompost leachate (NSVCL), using Panax quinquefolius L. as the research plant species for forest cultivation. Trichoderma harzianum (TH) was chosen to represent a biostimulant with broad-spectrum properties, and its application effects were compared with NSVCL. The regulatory effects of both on the physiological characteristics and rhizosphere soil microenvironment of P. quinquefolius were investigated, with untreated plants serving as controls. Compared to the control, NSVCL and TH increased the dry weight of P. quinquefolius roots 129.33 % and 23.50 %, respectively. NSVCL was applied more effectively than TH. Additionally, NSVCL markedly improved leaf anatomical traits, including palisade and spongy tissue thickness, overall leaf thickness, chloroplast number, and cuticle thickness. Application of NSVCL and TH significantly elevated the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 86.55 % and 60.92 %, respectively, and increased total chlorophyll content (TChl) by 24.91 % and 11.76 %. Biostimulants facilitated nutrient uptake and boosted antioxidant enzyme activity in P. quinquefolius . Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) further demonstrated that both NSVCL and TH promoted plant growth by enhancing soil enzyme activity in forest environments. These findings underscore NSVCL's efficacy in improving P. quinquefolius growth under forest conditions and provide a practical foundation for advancing organic forest cultivation and sustainable forest-medicine integration.