BMC MICROBIOLOGY
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2024
·Vol. 24
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 4
Sun Zongping,Fang Yuting,Zhu Yaohuan,Tian Wen,Yu Junjie,Tang Jun
Background The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) produced by toxigenic fungi is widely present in cereals and its downstream products. The danger of ZEA linked to various human health issues has attracted increasing attention. Thus, powerful ZEA-degrading or detoxifying strategies are urgently needed. Biology-based detoxification methods are specific, efficient, and environmentally friendly and do not lead to negative effects during cereal decontamination. Among these, ZEA detoxification using degrading enzymes was documented to be a promising strategy in broad research. Here, two efficient ZEA-degrading lactonases from the genus Gliocladium, ZHDR52 and ZHDP83, were identified for the first time. This work studied the degradation capacity and properties of ZEA using purified recombinant ZHDR52 and ZHDP83.Results According to the ZEA degradation study, transformed Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) PLySs cells harboring the zhdr52 or zhdp83 gene could transform 20 µg/mL ZEA within 2 h and degrade > 90% of ZEA toxic derivatives, α/β-zearalanol and α/β-zearalenol, within 6 h. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the optimal pH was 9.0 for ZHDR52 and ZHDP83, and the optimum temperature was 45 °C. The purified recombinant ZHDR52 and ZHDP83 retained > 90% activity over a wide range of pH values and temperatures (pH 7.0–10.0 and 35–50 °C). In addition, the specific activities of purified ZHDR52 and ZHDP83 against ZEA were 196.11 and 229.64 U/mg, respectively. The results of these two novel lactonases suggested that, compared with ZHD101, these two novel lactonases transformed ZEA into different products. The slight position variations in E126 and H242 in ZDHR52/ZEA and ZHDP83/ZEA obtained via structural modelling may explain the difference in degradation products. Moreover, the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay indicated that the products of ZEA degradation using ZHDR52 and ZHDP83 did not exhibit estrogenic activity.Conclusion sZHDR52 and ZHDP83 are alkali ZEA-degrading enzymes that can efficiently and irreversibly degrade ZEA into non-estrogenic products, indicating that they are potential candidates for commercial application. This study identified two excellent lactonases for industrial ZEA detoxification.
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Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment
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2020
·
IF 2.34
Minghui Li,Zaikang Tong,Xingjun Gao,Lijun Zhang,Sha Li
In the present study, a simple and fast method for simultaneous detection of zearalenone, citrinin, and ochratoxin A utilising capillary zone electrophoresis with an ultraviolet detector was developed. The optimised approach was validated and applied using pepper samples. The proposed method yielded satisfactory linearity between the signal and the mycotoxin concentration in the range of 1.5–150 μg/kg for zearalenone, 4.5–150 μg/kg for citrinin, and 0.8–150 μg/kg for ochratoxin A. The limits of detection for these mycotoxins ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 μg/kg. The corresponding intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 3.5 % and 4.1 %, respectively. Moreover, the matrix effect was also assessed and the result was compared using the capillary zone electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The developed approach could be used for simultaneous detection of zearalenone, citrinin, and ochratoxin A in pepper.
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INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 5.6
Qiao Li,Tiantian Li,Yunduan Wang,Yueyue Li,Shujin Wang,Daoliang Lan,Jian Li,Wei Fu
The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of zearalenone (ZEN) on the mammal ovaries and its impact on estradiol (E 2 ) synthesis, as well as to explore the detoxifying role of melatonin (MT) on ZEN. Firstly, we reanalyzed the transcriptome data between ZEN-exposed piglet ovaries and corresponding control group. We identified 3124 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), implying that ZEN significantly altered ovarian gene expression patterns. These DEGs were then subjected to GO and KEGG analyses, parts of which were specifically enriched in the production of ovarian hormones. By using an in vitro mouse granulosa cells (mGCs) model, we found that ZEN significantly reduced cell viability, increased intracellular ROS levels, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, with a significant downregulation of mRNA expression levels of E 2 synthesis genes ( Cyp19a1 , Cyp11a1 , Star and Hsd3b ) ( P < 0.05). Specially, MT was able to reverse the abovementioned indicators by increasing intracellular cAMP content, thus activating the cAMP-PKA pathway. In mice model, ZEN caused the swelling of mouse vulva, and significantly reduced sex hormone level in serum including E 2 , progesterone (PROG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and the expression of E 2 synthesis genes ( P < 0.05), excepting for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) levels, which were significant increased. Of note, MT significantly recovered serum levels of E 2 , PROG, GnRH, and the expression of E 2 synthesis genes to the normal level by activating the cAMP-PKA pathway. In summary, ZEN altered piglet ovarian gene expression patterns, and disrupted gene expression involving in E 2 synthesis; ZEN caused oxidative stress and E 2 synthesis disorders in mGCs, and disturbed the secretion of reproductive hormones in mice, leading to endocrine disruption with reproductive toxicity; Whereas, MT could partially alleviate the disturbances in E 2 synthesis induced by ZEN through the cAMP-PKA pathway, suggesting MT as a potential remedy to alleviate the reproductive toxicity of ZEN.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Zhanpeng Zhang,Junhui Wang,Juan Wang
The escalating global concern over mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products necessitates advanced biosensing technologies for on-site monitoring. This research presents a compact microfluidic ratiometric biosensor that addresses the constraints of traditional systems which depend on large instruments and photoactive materials that are sensitive to wavelength or potential changes. The platform employs a dual-signal self-calibration strategy, integrating a signal-on PEC response from a hematene/ZnO heterojunction with a signal-off electrochemical (EC) signal mediated by methylene blue (MB)-tagged aptamers. Target-induced zearalenone (ZEN) binding triggers aptamer conformational changes: MB detachment attenuates the EC signal, while reduced steric hindrance enhances electron transfer efficiency, restoring PEC activity. This synergistic mechanism autonomously corrects environmental interferences (e.g., light intensity fluctuations, buffer variations) without auxiliary equipment. A suction-driven microfluidic chip automates fluid handling with <10 μL sample consumption. This biosensor demonstrates a linear detection range from 1 × 10 −6 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL, a 5.3 × 10 −6 ng/mL detection limit (S/N = 3). By harmonizing ratiometric self-calibration, nanomaterial-enhanced photoactivity, and lab-on-a-chip automation, this research proposes a deployable model for decentralized biosensing, merging laboratory-level precision with practical point-of-need application in food safety and clinical diagnostics.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 6.1
Xiaoyuan Ma,Xi Ma,Muxi Zhang,Jinchi Han,Zhouping Wang
Background As one of the most common mycotoxins, Zearalenone (ZEN) not only contaminates cereal crops but also exists in processed grain products for its chemical stability. After entering human body through the food chain, ZEN exhibits remarkable bioaccumulation properties, which poses varying degrees of harmful effects to human health. The traditional chromatography instrumental methods require expensive equipment and complex experimental procedures. The aim of this manuscript is to develop a facile and accurate method for ZEN detection in food samples. Results Here, a SERS platform was developed for ZEN detection using COF and noble metal nanomaterial with nitroreductase (NTR)-like activity. First, magnetic COF loaded with gold nanoparticles (MCOF-Au) were synthesized as SERS enhancement substrates with partial NTR activity. Simultaneously, palladium-loaded dumbbell-shaped gold nanorods (AuNR/Pd) were prepared and served as the primary NTR in the 4-NTP/NaBH 4 system, significantly enhancing both catalytic activity and SERS signal. After nucleic acid functionalization, the two components assembled. The addition of ZEN regulated the assemble of AuNR/Pd on MCOF-Au. Following magnetic separation, the catalytic and SERS activities changed in the precipitate. Using the Raman peak of the output product 4-ATP at 390 cm −1 as the quantitative marker, the method showed a linear range in 0.001 μg/kg-1000 μg/kg. The LOD was calculated as 1.88 × 10 −4 μg/kg, and spiked recoveries in wheat flour and corn ranged from 88.91% to 115.78%, demonstrating high sensitivity and reliability for real-sample detection. Significance This aptasensor integrates the high sensitivity of Raman signals with the selectivity of aptamers, providing a robust and efficient tool for accurate ZEN detection in food. COF based nanocomposites are proved to have remarkable NTR activity and the catalytic product 4-ATP exhibits prominent Raman signal, making it suitable for quantitative detection. This design offers a versatile platform for food safety monitoring and public health protection.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Yiyi Chen,Haixi Lu,Honghui Shi,Junli Zhu,Haifeng Wang
A novel improved up-conversion nanoparticles-based immunochromatographic assay (IUCNPs-ICA) was developed for the detection of zearalenone (ZEN). Lu 3+ -doped UCNPs were synthesized using the solvothermal method, and the UCNPs doped with 30 % Lu 3+ displayed optimal optical properties. The IUCNPs-ICA was subsequently developed for the detection of ZEN in cereals under optimized conditions. The detection time and limit of detection (LOD) were 10 min and 0.1 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, a good linear relationship was observed from 0 to 100 μg/L ZEN (r 2 = 0.9946) and high specificity for other mycotoxins. LODs in spiked maize and wheat reached 0.16 μg/kg, and recovery rates were 82.11–100.76 % and 79.64–98.51 %. There was good consistency between the results of IUCNPs-ICA, colloidal gold-ICA, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the detection of natural cereal samples. The collective results support the utility of IUCNPs-ICA as a reliable on-site screening method for ZEN residue analysis in various cereals.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2022
·
IF 9.221
Cuiling Shang,Yansong Li,Qi Zhang,Song Tang,Xiaoqian Tang,Honglin Ren,Pan Hu,Shiying Lu,Peiwu Li,Yu Zhou
Zearalenone (ZEN), as one of the most important foods and feeds pollutant mycotoxins , is threatening human and animal health. Here, we have developed a dual-signal immunoassay triggered by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for detecting ZEN in cornmeal. The immobilized ZEN-bovine serum albumin and free ZEN in the sample were competitively bound to an anti-ZEN monoclonal antibody (McAb). Then, the ALP labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (ALP-IgG) combined with the McAb. ALP catalyzed ascorbic acid 2-phosphate to produce L -ascorbic acid (AA). AA converted potassium ferricyanide (K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]) to potassium ferrocyanide (K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]), which reacted with ferric ion (III) to promote the formation of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs). Consequently, the solution appeared multicolor changes. Meanwhile, PB NPs had a maximum absorption peak at 700 nm. It could be monitored by an UV–vis spectrometer. As an electron transfer medium, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] was consumed gradually along with PB NPs formation. Therefore, electrochemical detection was also used for detecting ZEN. Under the optimum conditions, the logarithm of ZEN concentration showed a good linear relationship with the absorbance from 0.2 to 0.8 ng/mL (R 2 = 0.987) and the differential pulse voltammetry peak current from 0.125 to 0.5 ng/mL (R 2 = 0.993). The limits of detection of colorimetric and electrochemical methods were 0.04 and 0.08 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery rates of ZEN from cornmeal samples were in the range of 80–120%, and relative standard deviations were lower than 10%. The results demonstrated that the dual-signal immunoassay has a high sensitivity for ZEN detection in corn samples.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 7.514
Hongxia Tan,Hongyuan Zhou,Ting Guo,Yuhao Zhang,Jiaxin Li,Chi Zhang,Liang Ma
Food processing might induce the transformation of hidden ZEN (zein-bound ZEN) in maize. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of processing factors on free ZEN and hidden ZEN. After zein was treated under different temperature and pH, ZEN was quantified in samples before and after in vitro digestion. The ratios of hidden to total ZEN in zein are decreased from 54.25% to 40.74% after thermal treatment and from 54.25% to 0 after alkaline treatment, respectively. Conversely, acid treatment increased the ratio of hidden to total ZEN from 54.25% to 100%. Thus, it can be concluded that thermal or alkaline condition induced the conversion of hidden ZEN to free ZEN while acid condition promoted the ZEN-zein interactions to form the hidden ZEN. Overall, temperature and pH values played a vital role in the conversion of hidden ZEN during food processing.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2020
·Vol. 187
·期 5
·1-9
·
IF 6.232
Fang Dandan,Zeng Baoshan,Zhang Shupei,Dai Hong,Lin Yanyu
A self-enhanced electrochemiluminescent ratiometric immunoassay for zearalenone is described. A system composed of N-aminobutyl-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) and glutathione (GSH) produces a strong electrochemiluminescence (ECL) at an applied potential of 0.8 V, probably because of short electron transfer distance and reduced energy loss. The method also uses octahedral anatase mesocrystals (OAM) with a large specific surface facilitating immobilization of ABEI and GSH. Helical carbon nanotubes, possessing a large specific surface, superior mechanical stability, and excellent electrical conductivity which serve as a solid support, greatly enhanced the loading capacity for g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets and horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-antibody. The peroxidase accelerates the decomposition of H 2 O 2 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROSs), amplifying the blue ECL of ABEI and the green ECL of g-C 3 N 4 . The ratiometric sandwich immunoassay (performed by the ratio of ECL intensity at − 1.3 V and 0.8 V) allows for sensitive and reliable determination of ZEN in a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10 −4 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of corn hazelnut samples for ZEN.
Schematic presentation of a self-enhanced electrochemiluminescent ratiometric immunosensor based on octahedral anatase mesocrystals (OAM) supported ABEI-glutathione (GSH) and g-C 3 N 4 functionalized helical carbon nanotubes (HCNT) for zearalenone (ZEN) determination.
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MOLECULES
·
2023
·Vol. 28
·期 21
·7241
·
IF 4.6
Zhongnan Huang,Xuan Luo,Fei Yan,Bo Zhou
Developing rapid and efficient analytical methods is of great importance for food safety Herein, we present a novel homogeneous electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive quantitative determination of zearalenone (ZEN) based on a nanocomposite probe and silica nanochannel film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–Vis characterization techniques confirm that graphene oxide (GO) bears an aromatic conjugated structure, along with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, facilitating the subsequent adsorption of cationic redox hexa-ammine-ruthenium (III) (Ru(NH3)63+) and anionic ZEN aptamer, to form a Ru(NH3)63+–ZEN aptamer–GO nanocomposite probe in a homogeneous solution. Vertically-ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) bearing silanol groups can be simply grown on the solid indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface and enable the selective preconcentration of Ru(NH3)63+, eventually leading to signal amplification. Since the detachment of Ru(NH3)63+from the GO surface by the recognized ZEN aptamer in the presence of ZEN, more free Ru(NH3)63+is released in solution and produces enhanced redox signals at the VMSF modified ITO electrode, allowing quantitative detection of ZEN. On the basis of the above sensing strategy, the proposed homogeneity, due to the assistance of graphene, as well as of the signal amplification and anti-fouling effects of VMSF, accurate analysis of ZEN can be realized in maize and Chinese chestnut samples.Keywords:zearalenone;homogeneous aptasensor;graphene oxide;vertically-ordered mesoporous silica films
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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
·
2023
·
IF 4.4
Lu Zhu,Wenya Liu,Fei Tong,Siyu Zhang,Yingran Xu,Yunyun Hu,Mingming Zheng,Yibin Zhou,Zhaoxian Zhang,Xueling Li,Yingnan Liu
In this work, a bimetallic organic framework (Cu/UiO-66) based “turn on” fluorescent aptamer probe was designed for the high-efficiency detection of zearalenone (ZEN). In the probe, the 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled aptamer (FAM-Apt) was used as the recognition element, and the electrostatic interaction, coordination effect, and photoinduced electron transfer effect between FAM-Apt and Cu/UiO-66 caused fluorescence quenching. When ZEN existed, FAM-Apt recognized ZEN specifically, causing FAM-Apt to separate from the surface of Cu/UiO-66 and recovery of fluorescence. Under the optimal conditions, the probe had a linear detection range of 0.5 ng/mL–60 ng/mL, and the detection limit was 0.048 ng/mL. The application potential of the probe was verified by real detection of various cereals and their products, with a standard recovery from 83.67 %–106.8 %. The development of this efficient, rapid, and sensitive ZEN detection method provides a new platform for the quality control of cereals and their products.
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Toxins
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 8
·488
·
IF 4.2
Xue Liu,Na Wu,Mingyu Zhang,Feng Xue,Qing Xu
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a widespread mycotoxin found in grain and feed, presenting a serious threat to animal and human health. This study investigated the ability of the novel strain B73, isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil, to detoxify ZEN. B73 was identified asBacillus spizizeniithrough physiological and biochemical tests, and further confirmed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the complete genome sequence.B. spizizeniiB73 was capable of degrading up to 99.3% of ZEN at a concentration of 10 μg/mL in a minimal medium (pH = 7.0) within 8 h at 37 °C via HPLC-UV. In addition,B. spizizeniiB73 was used to treat ZEN-contaminated wheat bran, dried distillers grains (DDGS), and corn meal, whereby the respective degradation rates reached 96.32%, 98.73%, and 80.31% after 36 h of treatment. HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS analysis revealed one of the degradation products to have the formula C17H24O4.B. spizizeniiB73 is a novel strain isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil, and the extracellular enzymes secreted by this strain show a remarkable ability to degrade ZEN.Keywords:zearalenone;Bacillus spizizenii;detoxification;cell extract;enzymeKey Contribution:Our study demonstrates thatBacillus spizizeniiB73 is capable of optimally degrading ZEN at 37 °C, pH 7.0, and with a 4% inoculation amount. After 36 h of degradation, ZEN degradation rates in wheat bran, corn meal, and DDGS were found to be 96.32%, 98.73%, and 80.31%, respectively, when the medium contained 50% grain content.
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