ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
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IF 19.9
Qian Zhang,Yan Zhang,Xiaowei Chen,Yonglin Jiang,Wei Li,Nan Li,Zhuo Zhao,Yafei Wang,Ying Guan,Yongjun Zhang
Extreme-cold operations are constrained by synergistic material failures, including embrittlement, arrested ion transport, interfacial icing, diminished damping and catastrophic seal leakage. Current engineering is typically countered using a ‘patchwork’ approach of heavy, costly components that introduce new fragilities. Herein, we designed and synthesized a microphase separated hydrophobic eutectogel that retained good stretchability, high damping and continuous ionic conductance from −100°C to 100°C, enabled by a freezing point of −118.7 °C. The strong temperature dependence of Young's modulus was harnessed in two novel applications: a thermally-actuated smart-switch and an O-ring that eliminated cryogenic leakage. By addressing materials‑system constraints in cryogenic environments within a single monolithic medium, this eutectogel simplified system design and enhanced reliability for industrial operation in frigid extremes.
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npj Flexible Electronics
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2025
·Vol. 9
·期 1
·121
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IF 15.5
Wang Weiguang,Xu Guangyuan,Huang Kai,Ren Chuantian,Wu Yufeng,Zhou Yiqian,Cheng Zekun,Zhang Shuling,Li Hongwei,Yang Chen,Yang Lu,Xu Shibiao,Liu Yong,Lei Ming,Wu Hui
Bioelectrical signals, especially electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG), are indispensable for health assessment. However, achieving high-quality signal acquisition while ensuring long-term stability remains a significant challenge in the bioelectrical electrodes. Herein, a cholinium-based eutectogel (ChCl-egel) is reported for dynamic ECG and EEG monitoring. By utilizing hydrogen bonding of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to modulate conductivity, the ChCl-egel realizes an ultra-low skin impedance (4.7 kΩ at 10 Hz) with reliable stability. Additionally, the ChCl-egel exhibits excellent conformal contact and biocompatibility. During ECG monitoring, the ChCl-egel offers an 8 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to commercial ECG electrodes (3 M, Red Dot) over 48-hour period, enabling dynamic record under high-intensity exercises. In an 18-hour steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) experiment, it can match the scalp impedance of commercial gel and support longer record. With high-quality dynamic monitoring capability, the ChCl-egel provides a promising solution for long-term bioelectrical signal acquisition.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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神经工程
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可穿戴电子
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心脏病学
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电生理学
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
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IF 8.2
Aobo Ren,Yufei Yong,Lianghao Jia,Tao Xiang,Shaobing Zhou
Conductive hydrogels have been widely used in bioelectronics due to their excellent flexibility, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. However, the water in hydrogels is prone to freezing at low temperatures, decreasing flexibility and sensing performance. In this work, a dual-network eutectogel composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) is prepared by using deep eutectic solvent (DES) and MXene as the antifreezing medium and conductive component, respectively. The molecular dynamics simulations analyze the interaction of DES and H2O in the networks to verify the effect of DES in eutectogel. Then the ratio of DES and H2O in the networks is optimized by the mechanical properties, water loss resistance, and antifreezing properties. The eutectogel has good tensile properties (a strain of 570%), reliable repeatability, and excellent antifreezing performance (it can work at −80 °C). The introduction of MXene effectively enhances the sensitivity of the eutectogel sensor to 12.25, which is 6.5 times higher than that without MXene. The eutectogel-based strain sensor allows motion monitoring and encrypted information transmission at −30 °C. Combining the sensor with a soft gripper can also enable object grasping and size recognition. The eutectogel holds promise for the application of flexible sensors in extreme environments.
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BIOMACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Pingping Liu,Qinghao Zhen,Jiawei Yang,Feng-Lai Yuan,Ruisheng Xu,Xi Chen,Dongjian Shi
Conventional gelatin-based hydrogel wound dressings suffer from weak mechanical properties, poor temperature stability, and slow wound healing, limiting their practical application. Herein, a novel multifunctional gelatin-based eutectogel dressing (PGEWD) was developed via a multicross-linked network constructed from porcine skin gelatin (PG), ε-polylysine (EPL), waterborne polyurethane (WPU), and deep eutectic solvent (DES, choline chloride-glycerol). DES induced PG molecular chain rearrangement to form a dense triple-helix structure. With the optimal formulation of 10% EPL, 0.3% WPU, and 10 min DES immersion, the PGE0.1W0.3D10 composite exhibited high tensile strength (290 kPa), intrinsic conductivity (0.798 mS/cm), wide thermal tolerance (−20 to 60 °C), and ∼100% antibacterial activity. Combined with electrical stimulation (ES), it accelerated wound healing with ∼94.47% closure rate in 14 days. This study provides a versatile strategy for designing multifunctional gelatin-based wound dressings with significant potential in wound regeneration.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Yinbo Liu,Haixin Du,Wanting You,Li Guo,Feipeng Du,Shenggao Wang,Zhe Chen,Zhidong Lin,Ping Fu
Moisture-electric generation (MEG), a technology that captures chemical energy from environmental moisture and converts it into sustainable electricity, has attracted significant attention in the field of flexible wearable electronics. However, existing MEG systems still face critical challenges such as low output voltage, poor current stability, and insufficient mechanical properties of materials. Herein, a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/choline chloride (ChCl) eutectogels (PA-C) with a “covalent bond-ion pair-hydrogen bond” triple network structure was prepared via ultraviolet photopolymerization by constructing an acrylic acid (AA)/ChCl deep eutectic solvent (DES). Specifically, the cross-linking agent N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) forms covalent cross-links with AA to provide a rigid framework for PA-C. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonds between PAA chains, as well as ion pairs and hydrogen bonds between PAA and ChCl, form a reversible physical cross-linking network. These networks synergistically endow PA-C with excellent hydrophilicity and mechanical properties. The effect of the molar ratio of AA to ChCl on the microstructure and properties of PA-C was systematically investigated. The results show that under an appropriate AA/ChCl molar ratio, PA-C exhibits a tensile strength of 4.92 MPa and an elongation at break of 633% simultaneously. The MEG developed based on PA-C achieves a high ionic conductivity of 0.54 S m–1 under relative humidity (RH) of 99%. A single MEG device can deliver an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.28 V and a short-circuit current (Isc) of 2.20 mA, with a maximum power density of 90 μW cm–2. Through series and parallel integration, the voltage and current can be flexibly adjusted, enabling direct power supply to light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and low-power devices. This study not only provides a material system for the design of high-performance MEG devices but also opens up an avenue for the development of efficient, scalable, and flexible multifunctional power sources.
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COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2022
·
IF 9.879
Ying Wang,Shiyu Fu,Lucian Amerigo Lucia,Hui Zhang
Flexible sensors have been widely applied in wearable devices recently. These devices are prone to abrasion, crack, and accidental damage, which result in function failure or even abandonment aggravating environmental degradation. Therefore, it is a huge challenge to endow the flexible sensors with self-healability, recyclability as well as high mechanical property. Herein, a novel recyclable, highly stretchable, self-healing eutectogel was fabricated by freeze-thaw of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin and dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) with strain rate , humid and temperature sensing capability. The composite eutectogel consisted of imine bond and hydrogen bond reversible networks, which endowed the eutectogel with faster self-healability, as well as the green and simple recyclability. It performed satisfying tensile strength (up to ∼1.25 MPa) with unexceptionable fracture elongation (∼1400%). By leveraging the DES to inhibit freezing and dehydration, the eutectogel was fabricated with a wide working temperature (−20.9 to 64.1 °C) while its weight and sensing performance remained stable after 30 days in open air. The composite eutectogel sensor manifested reliable mechanical and electrical properties under repetitive deformation operation and sensitive responsiveness to real-time variation of rate, temperature, and humidity, which well mimics human breathing in time. Amazingly, based on the hydrolysis of the imine and hydrogen bonds, the recyclable eutectogels retained vast majority of mechanical strength , adhesion, and conductivity. Compared to most synthetic soft materials, the composite eutectogels provide a promising strategy for the development of sustainable multifunctional soft materials that have high environmental adaptability and practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
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IF 15.1
Leibo Li,Nan Lu,Di Jiang,Haoqun Zhang,Guibin Wang
Conventional stretchable supercapacitors (SSCs) typically exhibit unstable performance under deformation due to the multilayer configurations. And the current manufacturing technologies also restrict the use of zero-dimensional active materials, which results in monotonous performance. Herein, a stable integrated activated carbon-based SSC was fabricated with the aid of the developed mechanical robust and highly adhesive eutectogel electrolyte. The eutectogel was prepared via introducing two polymers (poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)acrylamide)) with significantly different relaxation rates into an ionizable supramolecular complex (namely deep eutectic solvents). The mechanical and adhesive responses of the network structure were analyzed in relation to the ratio of two polymers. The results showed that the two polymers displayed well synergy. Interestingly, due to the competitive H-bonded between components, it was found that the ionic conductivity was also promoted while the mechanical strength and adhesion strength of eutectogel were improved. Furthermore, the developed eutectogel also exhibited temperature tolerance and self-healing properties. The assembled device utilizing this eutectogel electrolyte delivers an energy density of 26.6 Wh kg −1 at 80 ℃, while maintaining its capacitance even under extreme deformation of 200% strain. After 3000 cycles of repetitive stretching from 0% to 200%, it still retained 86% of the initial capacitance. This work not only offers reasonable recommendations for designing promising electrolytes, but also an inspiring approach to construct stable integrated SSCs without being limited by electrode materials or fabrication techniques.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Kaiqi Fan,Wentong Yang,Jiwei Peng,Xiaobo Wang,Luxin Cao,Xidong Guan,Haijun Sun,Xiaojing Zhang
It has been a challenge to achieve strong adhesion strength for gel adhesives in water. In this study, a novel eutectogel adhesive is synthesized via one-step photoinitiated polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) in deep eutectic solvent (DES). The abundant hydrogen bonding interactions and the hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone network structure endow the eutectogel with excellent adhesion to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces in air and underwater. Moreover, for hydrophilic substrates, the underwater adhesion strength of the eutectogel adhesives is 1.3 times larger than that in air, demonstrating an underwater-enhanced adhesion effect. In contrast, for hydrophobic substrates, the underwater adhesion strength is lower than in air. Furthermore, strong adhesion performance is maintained even in boiling water, strong acidic medium, strong basic medium, and organic solvents. The experimental and simulation results have unveiled the underwater adhesion enhancement mechanism of the eutectogel. It is believed that the designed eutectogel will show great promise in the development of the next-generation of gel adhesives with underwater adhesion capabilities and high environmental adaptability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
生物医学工程
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JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
·
2024
·
IF 10.5
Huan Liu,Xinmeng Zhou,Aminov Nail,Hao Yu,Zilian Yu,Yue Sun,Kun Wang,Nanbin Bao,Decheng Meng,Liran Zhu,Huanjun Li
Microneedle patches are emerging multifunctional platforms for transdermal diagnostics and drug delivery. However, it still remains challenging to develop smart microneedles integrated with customization, sensing, detection and drug delivery by 3D printing strategy. Here, we present an innovative but facile strategy to rationally design and fabricate multifunctional eutectogel microneedle (EMN) patches via multi-material 3D printing. Polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDES) were selected as printing inks for rapid one-step fabrication of 3D printing functional EMN patches due to fast photopolymerization rate and ultrahigh drug solubility. Moreover, stretchable EMN patches incorporating rigid needles and flexible backing layers were easily realized by changing PDES compositions of multi-material 3D printing. Meanwhile, we developed multifunctional smart multi-material EMN patches capable of performing wireless monitoring of body movements, painless colorimetric glucose detection, and controlled transdermal drug delivery. Thus, such multi-material EMN system could provide an effective platform for the painless diagnosis, detection, and therapy of a variety of diseases.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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材料科学
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药学
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医疗器械
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PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Qian Zhang,Yan Zhang,Wei Li,Xiaowei Chen,Yonglin Jiang,Baoyi Wang,Jia Yao,Yongjia Yang,Lei Zou,Zhuo Zhao,Yafei Wang,Ying Guan,Yongjun Zhang
Conductive hydrogel fibers exhibit considerable potential in wearable and flexible electronics; however, they still encounter numerous challenges, including unsatisfactory mechanical properties, poor environmental tolerance and weak adhesion strength. Particularly their continuous fabrication is thorny due to the limited spinnability of precursor monomer solutions. Herein, by replacing conventional H 2 O with deep eutectic solvent, the viscosity of precursor monomer solutions is enhanced, accelerating the polymerization process, thereby enabling continuous spinning of eutectogel fibers through a straightforward photopolymerization method. With introduction of α-helical peptide segments for energy dissipation, mechanical properties of eutectogel fiber were significantly improved, with high elongation at break (1420 %), good tensile strength (720 kPa), superior resilience (>95 % at 500 % strain) and excellent defect tolerance. Benefit from multiple classes of polar groups introduced by peptides and deep eutectic solvents, eutectogel fibers also exhibit good adhesive strength (0.85 MPa), which can be woven into a net to catch flies like natural spider silk. Besides, eutectogel fibers exhibited outstanding environmental tolerance and good ionic conductivity. Combined properties above, spider silk-like strong and adhesive eutectogel fibers were successfully used for real-time monitoring of human motions, body temperature and surface electromyography signals, demonstrating high potential in wearable health monitoring devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
·
柔性电子
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Kai Yan,Xuhang Yue,Zuhan Yang,Qunna Xu,Yan Zong
Flexible strain sensors have attracted much attention in human health monitoring. However, it is challenge to endow self-power and material recognition performance to conventional strain sensors. In this study, carboxylated polystyrene microspheres coated with polypyrrole (CPS@PPy) were synthesized by the in-situ growth of polypyrrole. The VAD-P-M eutectogel is prepared through one-step photoinitiated radical polymerization, which is composed of acrylic acid (AA) and 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (BVIM + Br − ) as polymeric networks, CPS@PPy microspheres and MXene nanosheets as conductive fillers into DES. Owing to the integration of multiple hydrogen bonds with a dual conductive network, the VAD-P-M gel architecture imparts exceptional comprehensive properties, including an elongation at break of up to 1283%, conductivity (0.064 cm∙ms −1 ) and adhesion strength to paper (881.3 kPa). Furthermore, the VAD-P-M gel sensor of strain gauge factor (GF S ) significantly increases from 2.38 to 5.10, while the pressure gauge factor (GF P ) spans from −0.0408 to −0.244 kPa −1 , enabling the sensor to accurately detect and monitor human motion, facial micro-expression and Morse code signals. More interestingly, a 3 × 3 pressure sensing array exhibited precise recognition of finger pressing positions (column and row). Importantly, we developed a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (V-TENG) with an open-circuit voltage (V OC ) of 198.87 V and a short-circuit current (I SC ) of 1.67 μA, which can be used to self-powered human motion sensing and recognize different materials (glass, ceramics, plastic, human-skin, and aluminum). This outstanding performance of the VAD-P-M gel providing a new strategy for developing next-generation multifunctional eutectogels.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Yashu Han,Yu Jiang,Xianhui Shi,Baojiang Liu,Chunyan Hu,Dan Yu,Wei Wang
Conventional hydrogel-based flexible sensors have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical flexibility, but their insufficient environmental stability like freezing at subzero temperatures and solvent evaporation, will cause conductivity disruption and mechanical degradation. Herein, we employed a choline chloride–ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the functional medium and utilized catechol-Fe³ ⁺ coordination to catalyze the rapid generation of free radicals from ammonium persulfate, thereby successfully fabricating a multifunctional DEAP eutectogel that integrates anti-freezing, water retention, high adhesion, and a broad sensing range. The resultant gel exhibits a wide strain-sensing window (fracture strain > 500%), high sensitivity (GF = 3.31), fast response-recovery characteristics (90 ms), and high conductivity (1.68 S/m). Meanwhile, the DES effectively confines free water within the network, imparting long-term water retention and strong adhesion to various substrates, with only an 18.79% decrease in adhesive strength after ten adhesion cycles. Low-temperature tests show that the gel has a glass transition temperature below −40 °C, and no ice crystals are formed even after storage at −20 °C for 24 h, preserving an intact conductive pathway for reliable strain sensing at cryogenic conditions. Practical application verifications confirm that the eutectogel can stably and repeatedly monitor multi-joint human motions and gesture recognition, indicating its great potential in wearable flexible sensing and flexible electronics even under low-temperature. Download: Download high-res image (249KB) Download: Download full-size image
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）