RSC Advances
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2024
·Vol. 14
·期 21
·15021-15030
·
IF 3.9
Jingxuan Liu,Hongyu Zhao,Mengyue Wang,Wenzheng Ban,Xi Lu,Bin Yan
In this work, gallic acid was successfully grafted onto quaternary aminated chitosan to prepare a high efficiency cationic flocculant. The mechanism of flocculation and different influencing factors were studied in detail. The prepared flocculant only needs 60 mg L−1 to achieve a 98.7% and 94.5% removal rate on methyl blue (MB) and Congo red (CR), respectively. The high removal rate (93.2%) of a CR-MB mixed dye also confirms the universality of flocculation. In addition, kaolin as a simulated suspended solid was removed at a rate of 97% in the experiment at a dosage of 3 mg L−1. A zeta potential test showed that it worked best when the potential of the flocculation system was zero; this was because an electrostatic balance was reached between the flocculant and pollutant. Importantly, the three-functional molecules can provide more possibilities to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, which is conducive to the stretching of flocculant molecular chains in salt water. The flocculant maintained a high stability in four different salt environments and has a positive industrial application significance. Furthermore, the flocculation experiment of the actual wastewater of the printing and dyeing plant found that the dye wastewater changed obviously from turbidity to clarification, which proved the practical application potential of the flocculant. This work provides a feasible idea for the preparation of bio-based flocculants.
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
·
2025
·
IF 3.5
Wen Zhang,Yue Zhang,Qian-yu Zhang,Xue-ning Ren,Ji-xiang Ge
BACKGROUND Gallic acid (GA) is recognized for its significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The processing and consumption of GA-rich foods influence the interaction with cell wall polysaccharides, thereby impacting the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of GA. This study aimed to develop a biomimetic dietary fiber (BDF) model composed of bacterial cellulose, pectin, and GA to investigate the interactions, digestive behavior, and antioxidant synergism between polysaccharides and GA within the BDF. RESULTS The microstructural, compositional, and crystalline characteristics of the synthesized BDF were found to be comparable to those of natural dietary fibers. During simulated digestion in the stomach and small intestine, a total of 38.02% of GA was released from the BDF, while 61.98% remained in a polysaccharide–GA conjugated form post-digestion. In free radical scavenging assays, the GA bound within the BDF exhibited a greater antioxidant capacity than free GA. CONCLUSION The interactions between polysaccharides and GA are mediated by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, and other non-covalent interactions. The release mechanism of GA involves its escape and diffusion from the BDF network structure, the disintegration of the BDF, and the dissolution of pectin. Polysaccharides provide a protective effect on the bioactivity of GA and enhance its synergistic role in antioxidative stress, thereby improving its bioaccessibility. These findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of the interaction mechanisms between polysaccharides and GA in dietary fibers and hold significant implications for the development of dietary intervention strategies aimed at mitigating oxidative damage. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2021
·
IF 5.03
Pingping Tang,Tingting Zheng,Lirui Shen,Guoying Li
Collagen hydrogels with a three-dimensional network structure were prepared through self-assembly of collagen molecules, and incubated in laccase-catalyzed gallic acid solutions (L-GA) with different concentrations (0.5–10%, w/v, calculated from the L-GA mother solution). UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry suggested that quinones and cross-links between the quinones and the collagen molecules had formed. With an increase in L-GA concentration from 0.5 to 5%, the degree of cross-linking increased from 8.78% to 19.13%; when the L-GA concentration exceeded 5%, the degree of cross-linking increased slightly. At L-GA concentrations ≤ 5%, the thermal denaturation temperature (from 67.4to 74.7°C), the storage modulus (from 90 to 251.42 Pa) and the ABTS• + free radical scavenging activity (from 4.89 to 98.92%) significantly increased, and a distinct decrease was observed in the degree of enzymatic degradation (from 81.48 to 49.34%). At L-GA concentrations >5%, only a slight improvement in these properties was observed. The gel strength of the modified collagen hydrogels reached a maximum value of 1346 g, which was more than twice that of the native collagen hydrogel (656 g) at 5%L-GA. Furthermore, afterthe concentration of L-GA exceeded 1%, the pore sizes observed by scanning electron microscopy began to diminish and showed denser network structures. These data indicated that the properties of collagen hydrogels can be substantially improved by modification with an appropriate concentration of L-GA.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Xian Liu,Qiwu Yuan,Yang Yang,Ming Yang,Yuhuan Qing,Xia Li,Xuepin Liao,Bi Shi
Plant polyphenols, particularly lignin-derived polyphenols, exhibit considerable potential in the development of novel antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria, but their application has been limited by the inherent instability and low bactericidal activity. Here, we developed a high-efficiency and low-resistance strategy for combating MDR bacteria based on gallic acid (GA)- gadolinium (Gd) complex. The antibacterial circle diameters of GA, Gd, and GA-Gd against Salmonella enterica 6819 were 10.50, 16.25 and 24.15 mm, when initial inoculum was 1 × 10 8 CFU/mL, indicating that the combination of GA and Gd synergistically enhances their bactericidal activity. Additionally, GA-Gd showed potent antibacterial activity against two sensitive and ten MDR Salmonella strains with the low minimum inhibitory concentration (0.5 mmol/L) and minimum bactericidal concentration values (1.0 mmol/L). GA-Gd can disrupt bacterial wall, membrane, and DNA, contributing to its efficient antibacterial activity . Notably, the RNA-seq analysis showed that GA-Gd downregulated drug resistance genes related to biofilm formation, cationic antimicrobial peptides resistance, beta-lactam resistance and vancomycin resistance. These results suggest that GA-Gd is a promising antibacterial agent to address the threat of antibiotic resistance and MDR Salmonella infections.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2025
·
IF 5.5
Jian Chen,Huili Liu,Jing Zhang,Mengmeng Hou,Haojie Cheng,Jiaman Wu,Shouren Zhang,Baocheng Yang
Excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure from sunlight has brought serious threats to human health. Due to their excellent UV absorption and antioxidant properties, natural polyphenols have emerged as green UV filters to replace commercial sunscreens which have alarming biosafety and serious damage to marine environments. However, the commercial application of polyphenols is greatly limited by their narrow wavelength absorption, long-term instability, and deep skin penetration. Herein, broadband UV filters with good antioxidant ability and high security were developed by coordination assembly of gallic acid and Zn2+ with combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (Zn-GA-PVP NPs). Owing to the π–π stacking interaction, ligand-to-metal charge transfer, and the carambola-like morphology, the UV shielding range of Zn-GA-PVP NPs is broadened to entire UVA and UVB region through both absorption and reflection of UV rays. The antioxidant ability of Zn-GA-PVP NPs is protected by PVP, which guarantees that they will negatively generate but effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species upon UV exposure. The abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups and proper particle size allow Zn-GA-PVP NPs to have strong skin adhesion but not to penetrate into the deep skin. Meanwhile, Zn-GA-PVP NPs also show good water resistance and easy mechanical removal because of the amphipathy of PVP. Zn-GA-PVP NPs exhibit a high UV protection effect and good biosafety in a photodamage mouse model. This study provides a promising approach for modifying natural polyphenols to better suit their use in commercial sunscreens.
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INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 5.6
Qianyang Zhang,Chu Chu,Ning Wang,Zhengquan Xu,Yuanxiang Jin,Caihong Wang
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, exhibits increasing global prevalence. However, there remains a paucity of evidence on whether gallic acid (GA) can be used to mitigate acute and chronic colitis. In this study, the underlying mechanism of GA in alleviating UC was thoroughly investigated. Our results showed that GA protected mice from acute and chronic colitis, evidenced by relieved pathological symptoms of UC, strengthened the tight junction, and repaired the damaged intestinal barrier. Moreover, GA regulated the balance of microbiota in the gut and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, especially probiotics and butyric acid-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 . Finally, we established a co-culture model of Caco-2/RAW264.7 cells mimicking the gut barrier, GA and butyrate reduced inflammation and repaired barrier function in LPS-induced inflammation. Notably, the combined treatment of GA and butyrate showed more significant alleviation of LPS-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier damage. These findings indicated that GA effectively alleviates colitis in mice, and this effect was associated with restored intestinal barrier integrity and increased abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. This work provides a foundation for considering GA as a potential therapeutic candidate for UC.
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Foods
·
2022
·Vol. 11
·期 23
·3936
·
IF 5.561
Xinmiao Wang,Qian Wang,Yuanyuan Hu,Fawen Yin,Xiaoyang Liu,Dayong Zhou
Phenolipids such as alkyl gallates (A-GAs) have been approved by the food industry as non-toxic antioxidant additives, which are also regarded as an emerging source of functional food ingredients. However, comprehensive understanding of their digestive absorption is needed. Thus, the models of live mice and anaerobic fermentation were used to clarify the distribution and microbial hydrolysis characteristics of A-GAs in the gastrointestinal tract. HPLC-UV results demonstrated that A-GAs could be hydrolyzed by intestinal lipases and gut microorganisms includingLactobacillusto produce free gallic acid (GA). Through regulating the chain length of the lipid part in A-GAs, the sustained and controllable release of the GA can be easily achieved. Furthermore, A-GAs were also able to reach the colon and the cecum, which would lead to potential gastrointestinal protective effects. Therefore, A-GAs may be applied as possible ingredient for functional foods.Keywords:alkyl gallates;distribution;hydrolysis;gastrointestinal tract;oral administration
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Chemosensors
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 11
·443
·
IF 4.229
Luyi Zhu,Qinan Zhou,Wenqing Shao,Zhenbo Wei,Jun Wang
A novel Co-based organic frameworks/carbon nanotubes/silicon dioxide (Co-MOF/CNTs/SiO2)-modified Au electrode was fabricated and taken as a platform for gallic acid (GA) detection. The composite combined the advantages of Co-MOF, CNTs and SiO2, and higher electrochemical response of Co-MOF/CNTs/SiO2-modified electrode indicated that the composite material exhibited satisfied the catalytic activity towards GA. Moreover, the electrochemical oxidation process of GA was deeply investigated on the surface of electrode based on computational investigations. Hirshfeld charges and condensed Fukui functions of each atom in GA were calculated. Besides, the catalysis of Co-MOF to GA was further investigated based on density functional theory. The quantitative determination of GA was carried out and showed a linear range between 0.05–200 μM, with low limit of detection. The sensitivity value of the self-assembled electrochemical sensor was calculated to be 593.33 μA cm−2mM−1, and the selectivity, reproducibility and stability of the gallic acid sensor were also confirmed in the study.Keywords:gallic acid;electrochemical;electro-oxidation;detection;density functional theory
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2022
·
IF 8.025
Yanzhen Zhao,Liu Yang,Meirong Xu,Huifang Wang,Xianghua Gao,Baolong Niu,Wenfeng Li
Food spoilage caused by bacterial growth is a serious threat to human health. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antibacterial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms, but their rapid release often leads to cumulative toxicity. In this paper, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@CG) were reduced and immobilized in situ using gallic acid-functionalized chitosan (CG) as a reducing and stabilizing agent to achieve a long-lasting and stable controlled release of Ag + . The AgNPs@CG was incorporated into the CG/PVA composite film. The results showed that the release of Ag + was only 0.686 ± 0.022 mg·L −1 after seven days, which had a long-lasting antibacterial effect on E. coli and S. aureus . In addition, CG/PVA/AgNPs-2 composite film can significantly improve the freshness preservation effect in fresh-cut apple preservation applications. In conclusion, CG/PVA/AgNPs composite film has potential applications as effective and safe packaging material to extend the shelf life of food products.
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TALANTA
·
2021
·
IF 6.057
Yuting Zhang,Liangmin Ning,Dameng Gao,Dandan Jia,Wen Gu,Xin Liu
In this work, a core-shell structured upconversion nanoparticles@zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) fluorescent nanoprobe (NaErF 4 :Tm@SiO 2 @ZIF-8) has been designed for the detection of gallic acid (GA). The mechanism is according to the 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) can be oxidized to oxidized TMB (oxTMB) by Ag + . Under 980 nm laser excitation, NaErF 4 :Tm@SiO 2 @ZIF-8 can emit red light at 652 nm, which have a good overlap with the absorption spectra of oxTMB , resulting in the fluorescence quenching at 652 nm. Continually adding GA into the above solution, oxTMB will restore to TMB, and the fluorescence intensity at 652 nm gradually recovers, which can realize the detection towards GA. The linear detection range of GA is from 0 to 30 μM, and the limit of detection (LOD) of GA is 0.35 μM. The ZIF-8 can largely enhance the sensitivity of the nanoprobe, due to the physical absorption and the electrostatic attraction between ZIF-8 and the oxTMB. More importantly, this is the first time to realize the detection of GA with high sensitivity by using upconversion fluorescence. Besides, we have realized the analysis of GA in real samples, which certify the feasible of the nanoprobe in potential applications.
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 23
·期 16
·5911-5923
·
IF 10.182
Guoqiang Zhu,Jinshuai Zhang,Jia Huang,Xixi Yu,Jianwen Cheng,Qianqian Shang,Yun Hu,Chengguo Liu,Lihong Hu,Yonghong Zhou
Developing sustainable 3D printing materials has attained intensive interest due to the rapid growth of the 3D printing industry and the concerns on depletion of fossil resources and environmental pollution. In this work, a novel biobased UV-curable oligomer (GMAESO) was firstly synthesized from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and gallic acid (GA) via a ‘green’ one pot method. The obtained biobased oligomer possessed a biobased content of 82.9%. By co-photopolymerization of the obtained oligomer with a hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) diluent, a series of UV-curable materials were prepared, and their properties as well as curing behaviors were investigated. Notably, the resulting GMAESO resins with high HEMA contents (50–60%) showed low viscosities (52–93 mPa s) and excellent thermal and mechanical properties (a Tg of 128–130 °C, Tp >430 °C, a tensile strength of 42.2–44.4 MPa, etc.) which were comparable or superior to a commercial product. Furthermore, the optimal resin (GMAESO with 50% HEMA) was used for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. The resin showed lower penetration depth (0.277 mm) than the commercial resin, thus different-structured objects with high resolution were successfully printed. In general, the developed bio-based UV-curable resins are very promising for application in the 3D printing industry.
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FIBERS AND POLYMERS
·
2021
·Vol. 22
·期 8
·2145-2155
·
IF 2.153
Baek Na-won,Fan Xue-rong,Yuan Jiu-gang,Xu Jin,Wang Qiang
Due to the increasing importance of environmentally friendly processes, the development of monomer synthesis and its polymerization using enzymes has been investigated throughout the world. In this paper, the polymerization mechanism between silk fabrics and gallic acid (GA) in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been studied. The polymerization mechanism was studied in detail using UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis. In addition, the dyeing properties and optimum reaction conditions were further investigated using the K/S values. The color fastness of the resulting silk fabrics has also been discussed. The results show that the dyeing mechanism for GA and silk fabric involved linking via the -NH 2 and -OH groups in silk fiber and the -OH groups in GA. This was probably formed via the formation of phenyl-phenyl, oxygen-phenyl, or amino-phenyl linkages. HRP significantly improved the dyeing properties of GA dyes toward silk fabrics. The optimum reaction conditions for dyeing silk fabrics have been proposed (Incubation period, 5 h; temperature, 50 °C; GA dosage, 10 mM; HRP, 6 U/ml, and H 2 O 2 , 5 mM). The color fastness of the resulting silk fabrics displayed high colorfastness in all the colorfastness tests performed.
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