Photodynamic therapy with reactive oxygen species production is a prospective treatment to combat cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the innate drawbacks, including short lifetime and diffusion distance of reactive oxygen species and hypoxia within solid tumors, have become bottlenecks for clinical applications of photodynamic therapy. Here, we develop a mitochondria-targeting hemicyanine–oleic acid conjugate (CyOA), which can self-assemble into supramolecular nanoparticles (NPs) without any exogenous excipients. CyOA is also shown for targeting the mitochondrial complex II protein succinate dehydrogenase to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and reverse tumor hypoxia, resulting in 50.4-fold higher phototoxicity against breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) compared to SO3-CyOA NPs that cannot target to mitochondria. In 4T1 and BCSC tumor models, CyOA NPs achieve higher tumor inhibition and less lung metastasis nodules compared to the clinically used photosensitizer Hiporfin. This study develops a self-assembled small molecule that can serve as both oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor and photosensitizer for eradication of CSCs and treatment of solid tumors.
Yingying Zhang,Fanqiang Bu,Yanliang Zhao,Bing Zhao,Liyan Wang,Bo Song
Intracellular pH (pHi) plays an essential role in organelles . Fluorescent probe combined with fluorescence imaging analytical approach has been used for detection pH fluctuation due to high sensitivity and good photostability. Herein, a benzoindole-based colorimetric and naked-eye hemicyanine fluorescent probe 2,3-trimethy-3-[2,4-(dihyoxyl-4-yl)vinyl]-3 H -benzo[e]indole ( BiDD ) was developed in one step. Upon the decreasing of pH, BiDD exhibited strong a pH-dependent characteristic with p K a 4.98 and responded linearly within the pH range of 4.4–6.2. BiDD also showed high sensitivity and selectivity , colorimetric and fluorometric dual-modal response, high photostability, low cytotoxicity as well as good cell membrane permeability. More importantly, the probe was applied to sense and visualize the pH fluctuations in HeLa cells successfully by the fluorescence confocal microscope .
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