MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·Vol. 193
·期 6
·417
·
IF 5.4
Xue Huiling,Cheng Guorong,Zhang Bing,Zhan Ying,Zhao Zhihuan,Lin Jianying,Cheng Yan
Carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9 (CA19-9) is a critical biomarker in clinical oncology, as its serum concentration is closely associated with tumor detection and therapeutic monitoring. In this study, a novel colorimetric immunoassay was developed for the sensitive detection of CA19-9, utilizing g-C₃N₄/Ag₂S nanocomposites as a photoactive signal probe. The nanocomposites, synthesized via a hydrothermal method, demonstrated strong absorption in the visible region and high photocatalytic activity. In the immunoassay, antibody-functionalized magnetic beads were used to capture the target antigen, followed by labeling with detection probes based on the g-C₃N₄/Ag₂S nanocomposites. Under visible light irradiation, the nanocomposites catalyzed the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), producing a distinct color change that was quantitatively analyzed via UV–vis spectroscopy. The method exhibited a wide linear detection range from 4.0 to 400 U/mL, with a detection limit of 1.86 U/mL, and demonstrated excellent specificity, stability, and reproducibility. Successful application to human serum samples further validated the reliability and practical utility of the assay, highlighting its promising potential for clinical cancer diagnosis and screening. Graphical abstract The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 34
·16444-16456
·
IF 5.8
Zhang Lin,Xiao Xiang,Cheng Zirui,Hou Xiaoying,Du Hongzhi
Cadmium
(Cd 2+ ), among the most hazardous heavy-metal
pollutants, enters ecosystems through both natural processes and anthropogenic
activities. This study developed an electrochemical sensor using a
two-dimensional nanomaterialcomposite strategy, which synergistically
integrates ion-imprinted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (IIP-PEDOT)
with graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanomaterials
for ultrasensitive Cd 2+ detection. First, the IIP film
was fabricated via electropolymerization of EDOT monomers on a g-C 3 N 4 -modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE),
leveraging hydrophobic interactions and π–π conjugation
effects between EDOT molecules and g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets.
Subsequently, density functional theory (DFT) simulations elucidated
the energy changes of the polymerization-complex structure formed
by Cd 2+ with functional monomers, while also clarifying
the coordination binding mechanisms between metal ions and recognition
sites within imprinted cavities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were systematically employed
to characterize the morphological features and chemical composition
of the IIP-PEDOT/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material,
validating the uniform dispersion of PEDOT polymer chains on the g-C 3 N 4 nanocarrier and confirming the stability of
interfacial interactions. Experimental results demonstrated that the
sensor exhibited superior selective Cd 2+ recognition capability
with a remarkably low detection limit of 75 ng/L (0.67 nM) across
a linear range of 0.01–10 μM, substantially outperforming
EU drinking-water regulatory thresholds (approximately 45 μM),
reflecting the superiority of the sensor. Furthermore, biological
validation based on mouse-exposure models confirmed that the sensor
could accurately reflect Cd 2+ accumulation levels in blood,
liver, and kidney tissues. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates outstanding
detection capabilities in the human blood environment, suggesting
promising clinical biosample analysis applications. In brief, this
IIP-PEDOT/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite sensing platform
offers a cost-effective, rapid, and field-deployable solution for
monitoring Cd 2+ contamination in environmental and biomedical
matrices.
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Membranes
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 7
·194
·
IF 3.6
Xiaoyao Wang,Benbing Shi
Proton exchange membranes are widely used in environmentally friendly applications such as fuel cells and electrochemical hydrogen compression. In these applications, an ideal proton exchange membrane should have both excellent proton conductivity and mechanical strength. Polymer proton exchange membranes, such as sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes with high ion exchange capacity, can lead to higher proton conductivity. However, the ionic groups may reduce the interaction between polymer segments, lower the membrane’s mechanical strength, and even cause it to dissolve in water as the temperature exceeds 55 °C. The porous graphitic C3N4(Pg–C3N4) nanosheet is an important two–dimensional polymeric carbon–based material and has a high content of –NH2and –NH– groups, which can interact with the sulfonic acid groups in the sulfonated SPEEK polymer, form a more continuous proton transfer channel, and inhibit the movement of the polymer segment, leading to higher proton conductivity and mechanical strength. In this study, we found that a SPEEK membrane containing 3% Pg–C3N4nanosheets achieves the optimized proton conductivity of 138 mS/cm (80 °C and 100% RH) and a mechanical strength of 74.1 MPa, improving both proton conductivity and mechanical strength by over 50% compared to the SPEEK membrane.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Mingmin Jia,Wenhao Cao,Qiuxia Chen,Zhiyi Xia,Shuo Shi,Mingzhi Zheng,Hengyang Mao,Meisheng Li,Yijiang Zhao,Dingliang Dai,Jianhao Qiu
In this study, a g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2 composite membrane was successfully fabricated via electrostatic interactions and vacuum-assisted self-assembly. The established heterojunction markedly enhanced charge separation, yielding superior visible-light photocatalytic activity with 95.5% methylene blue degradation in 150 min. The membrane also demonstrated efficient dye separation (70.8% rejection for carmine red; 66.7% for malachite green) and notable antifouling properties, achieving a 74.9% flux recovery after visible-light cleaning. This work presents a synergistic strategy for simultaneous photocatalytic degradation and membrane separation in advanced water treatment.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2019
·
IF 14.229
Minhua Ai,Jing-Wen Zhang,Ruijie Gao,Lun Pan,Xiangwen Zhang,Ji-Jun Zou
Carbon nitride is an intriguing visible-light photocatalyst for H 2 production but suffers from low surface area and fast charge recombination. Here, we report a simple yet efficient approach to fine tune the porous structure, modify the electronic structure and carrier behaviors of C 3 N 4 through in-situ growth of MnO x by NaCl template-assisted strategy. This NaCl template method simultaneously constructs 3D porous structure for high surface area, induces Na coordination with N atoms and accompanying cyano group to form an internal donor-acceptor system for efficient charge transfer and separation. Along with the MnO x growth, the band gap of C 3 N 4 is narrowed for stronger visible light absorption and the conduction band level is negatively shifted for stronger reduction capability. Thus, the resulted C 3 N 4 (MSCN) shows much improved activity of about 18 times higher than bulk C 3 N 4 in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction under visible light irradiation.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2018
·Vol. 43
·期 14
·7038-7045
·
IF 4.229
Rui Lu,Min Hu,Caili Xu,Yi Wang,Yun Zhang,Bin Xu,Daojiang Gao,Jian Bi,Guangyin Fan
Developing effective catalysts for hydrogen evolution from hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) is of great significance considering the useful applications of hydrogen. Herein, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) prepared through the simply pyrolysis of urea was employed as a support for Rh nanoparticles (NPs) stabilization. The in-situ generated Rh NPs supported on g-C 3 N 4 with an average size of 3.1 nm were investigated as catalysts for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of AB under mild conditions. The Rh/g-C 3 N 4 catalyst exhibits a high turnover frequency of 969 mol H 2 · (min·mol Rh ) −1 and a low activation energy of 24.2 kJ/mol. The results of the kinetic studies show that the catalytic hydrolysis of AB over the Rh/g-C 3 N 4 catalyst is a zero-order reaction with the AB concentration and a first-order reaction with the Rh concentration. This work demonstrates that g-C 3 N 4 is a useful support to design and synthesis of effective Rh-based catalyst for hydrogen-based applications.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
能源材料
·
纳米催化
·
氢能源
·
反应动力学
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FULLERENES NANOTUBES AND CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES
·
2023
·
IF 2.3
Long He,Dan Li,Chengxin Zhou,Ming Wang,Yunlong Deng,Jian Gao
Herein, NiO cubes with {100} facets or NiO trapezohedrons with {311} facets modified graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanoparticles acidified by HCl (HCN) were fabricated to form a p-n heterojunction (NiO/HCN) for the first time. These were further used for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) in water. 8-{100}NiO/HCN exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 98.56% in just 60 min within peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible light. It was 2.51% higher than that of 8-{311} NiO/HCN. A series of characterization and experimental results showed that introducing {100} NiO could improve both the photocatalysis and PMS activation efficiency of the g-C3N4 compared with {311} NiO. The influence of environmental parameters on RhB degradation was systematically studied as well. Stability experiments demonstrated that 8-{100}NiO/HCN maintained high catalytic performance over a period of 10 h. The degradation mechanism behind PMS activation under visible light involved several factors: the unique micron-nano interface structure, electron (e-) transfer between NiO and g-C3N4, as well as effective facilitation of PMS activation by Ni2+. These factors led to the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), which contributed significantly to RhB degradation. Overall, this work highlights how facet design can be utilized in metal oxide cocatalysts to improve photocatalytic degradation performance.
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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
·
2026
·
IF 4.8
Shuyan Xiao,Jing Liu,Mingqin Kang,Siyi Liu,Zhongping Dong
Tetracycline (TC) residues in food and the environment pose serious health risks, highlighting the need for efficient detection methods. Herein, a series of LaFeO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 (LFCN) heterostructure nanozymes with varying LaFeO 3 -to-urea ratios were synthesized via an in-situ growth method. Structural characterizations confirmed the successful formation of the heterostructure, with LaFeO 3 nanoparticles uniformly dispersed on g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. Among the composites, LFCN-20 (LaFeO 3 -to-urea = 1:20) exhibited the highest peroxidase-like activity and a lower Michaelis–Menten constant than that of natural horseradish peroxidase. It effectively catalyzed the H 2 O 2 -mediated oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), generating a blue product with an absorption peak at 652 nm. Notably, the absorbance signal was significantly enhanced in the presence of TC. Based on this effect, a colorimetric sensor was constructed, exhibiting a linear response to TC from 0.25 to 2.50 μg/mL, with a low detection limit of 0.076 μg/mL, and achieving recoveries of 93.9%–108.2% in spiked egg samples. These findings highlight the potential of LaFeO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanozymes for the sensitive and selective detection of tetracycline, offering a practical approach for ensuring food safety.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 18
·1382
·
IF 3.2
Tan Ye,Wu Xi,He Guoliang,Li Huilin,Zhou Jie,Tong Haixia,Yu Linping,Zeng Julan
With the advancement of the pharmaceutical industry and livestock farming, the increasing release of antibiotic-containing wastewater poses serious threats to both the natural environment and human health. Developing novel, efficient technologies to remove tetracycline from water is a critical priority. In this study, a ternary BiOBr/g-C 3 N 4 /EG composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method. Under optimal conditions, the composite achieved a tetracycline (TC) removal efficiency of 98.49% within 50 min of visible-light irradiation, with degradation rate constants 1.40 and 1.74 times higher than those of pristine BiOBr and g-C 3 N 4 , respectively. XPS analysis revealed that the introduction of EG effectively suppressed the photoreduction of Bi 3+ to metallic Bi 0 , confirming that EG acts as an electron trap and establishes strong interfacial electronic interactions. BET analysis showed that the ternary composite possesses a specific surface area of 60.0 m 2 /g, which is significantly larger than that of BiOBr (28.9 m 2 /g) and g-C 3 N 4 (37.1 m 2 /g), promoting active site exposure and pollutant adsorption. PL spectroscopy demonstrated a marked decrease in emission intensity for the ternary composite, indicating effective suppression of electron–hole recombination. Mechanistic studies, including radical trapping and EPR, identified ·O 2 − and h + as the primary reactive species governing TC degradation. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of EG: (i) its oxygen-containing functional groups anchor BiOBr and g-C 3 N 4 , preserving heterojunction integrity; (ii) it serves as an electron trap to accelerate charge separation; and (iii) it enlarges the specific surface area and provides a conductive network for rapid charge transfer. This work offers a feasible and innovative strategy for designing high-performance carbon-supported semiconductor heterojunctions for environmental remediation.
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SOLID STATE SCIENCES
·
2026
·
IF 3.6
Jun Wu,Xingchen Ding,Shuli Wang,Ying Gu,Xiashi Zhu,Qin Xu
A rough burr tubular structure APCN-30 were synthesized by a simple thermal copolymerisation method. • The obtained APCN-30/PMS/Vis showed promoted degradation of TC, along with increased photogenerated charge separation ability. • Mechanism on TC degradation system employed APCN-30/PMS/Vis is elucidated. The presence of residual antibiotics in water sources poses a major threat to human health and ecosystems. Effective degradation methods are needed to treat tetracycline residues in aquatic environments to reduce their negative effects on the environment and ecosystems. Diazole ring (AP)-doped g-C 3 N 4 (APCN-X) was synthesized via thermal polymerisation. Peroxymonosulfate-assisted(PMS) photocatalytic tetracycline degradation system based on APCN-X under visible light was constructed. Results showed that the photocatalytic degradation rate of Tetracycline(TC) by the APCN-30/PMS/Vis system was 91.84%/100min (compared to 69.35% for g-C 3 N 4 (CN)/PMS/Vis), which was 5.24 times higher than that of CN/PMS/Vis. The possible mechanism of APCN-30 enhanced the photocatalytic activity of PMS was discussed. Download: Download high-res image (378KB) Download: Download full-size image
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RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 9
·5957-5969
·
IF 3.9
Dai Yongheng,Yuan Huayu,Li Jiang,Su Qi,Yi Qianwen,Zhang Yuntao
The construction of direct Z-scheme heterojunctions with high photocatalytic degradation ability is important for wastewater treatment, but there are still many unsolved challenges. In this article, we report the fabrication of a Z-scheme P–TiO2/g-C3N4 (CNPT-X) heterostructure by the calcination method. Under simulated sunlight, CNPT-X composites are found to show excellent degradation performance against sulfonamide antibiotics sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamethazine (SM2), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). CNPT-3 (400 mg L−1) can be used to degrade four sulfa antibiotics within 90 min, with a degradation rate as high as 99%, which is higher than that for P–TiO2 and g-C3N4 alone. The internal electron transfer paths and mechanisms for the composites are revealed by ESR radical detection experiments, XPS energy spectrum shifts, valence band positions and active material quenching experiments. Furthermore, the degradation products are analyzed by GC-MS, and four possible degradation pathways for sulfonamide pollutants are proposed. This photocatalyst provides new insights into the fundamental aspects of the photocatalytic degradation mechanism for composite pollutants, as well as new ideas for practical environmental applications.
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RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 2.9
Junhui He,Qi Ye,Yi Zhu,Miao Yang,Long Zhao
In this study, the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was investigated in the synergetic system of electron beam irradiation (EBI) combined with graphite carbon nitride/carbon nanodots (g-C 3 N 4 /CDs). The results suggested that the presence of g-C 3 N 4 /CDs could not only promote the degradation of CIP but also significantly enhanced the mineralization ratio. At 25 kGy, the mineralization ratio increased from 18.1% to 69.0% while g-C 3 N 4 /CDs was added. Regeneration experiments revealed that the g-C 3 N 4 /CDs composite possessed good reusability. In addition to finding that the presence of CO 3 2− , HCO 3 − , NO 3 − and NO 2 − obviously restrained the radiolysis process of CIP, the adding of Cl − and SO 4 2− could also have slight inhibitory effects. The effect of various water matrices in EBI&g-C 3 N 4 /CDs systems suggested that the degradation efficiency decreased in lake and tap water. Moreover, the studies in the presence of different radical scavengers suggested that ·OH was the main reactive species in the degradation process. The possible degradation pathway of CIP was proposed in the light of intermediate products using Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC–MS) analysis coupled with DFT calculations.
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