JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2024
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IF 1.3
Zhang Yanchao,Cui Xiaoyan,Lin Xiwen,Mi Yiduo,Yan Yumei,Liu Xiaoyang,Jiao Keren,Gao Haixiang,Lu Runhua,Zhou Wenfeng
This research aims to develop a precise and efficient dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPE) technique using third-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-grafted nanoparticles to quantify benzoylurea pesticides in green tea, black tea, and oolong tea infusions. The extraction efficiency is optimized through single-factor adjustments of key parameters, including adsorbent quantity (5-20 mg), adsorption duration (5-20 min), desorbent identity (methanol, acetonitrile), volume (100-600 μL), sodium chloride concentration (0-10%, m/v), and sample solution pH (3-8). The optimized method demonstrates linearity in the range of 2-500 μg L-1, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.6-1.5 μg L-1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 2.0 5.0 μg L-1. Recovery rates of 81.2-96.0% are achieved, with intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.4-2.8% and inter-day relative standard deviations of 2.0-3.9%, indicating high accuracy and repeatability. The successful application of detecting residues in commercial tea samples underscores the strong potential of the technique to determine benzoylurea analyte levels.
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高影响因子
Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 18
·3181
·
IF 5.1
Fuwei Guo,Yuanfang Jiao,De Zhang,Zhi Yu,Dejiang Ni,Han Huang,Yuqiong Chen
The genusCitrusconsists of Tangerines (Citrus × reticulata), Mandarins (Citrus × reticulata), Oranges (Citrus × sinensis), Grapefruits (Citrus maxima), Lemons (Citrus × limon), and other citrus fruits. This study investigated the effects of 74 different citrus species and harvesting time on the quality of citrus dark tea using Hubei green brick tea as the raw material. Oranges (Citrus × sinensis) were found to outperform other species in improving the quality of citrus dark tea. Additionally, the impact of orange harvesting time (August to December) on the quality of orange dark tea was investigated by using the Peach leaf orange with the highest sensory score as the subject of the study. Results revealed that harvesting time can considerably impact the flavor quality of orange dark tea, but not its infusion color or scent. Specifically, the orange dark tea processed with September-harvested Peach leaf orange exhibited a strong fruity scent, a sweet and smooth flavor, and a harmonious tea and fruit aroma. With the delay of harvesting time, a downtrend was observed in the content of soluble proteins, flavonoids, hesperidin, synephrine, and limonin, as well as total volatile components, with the largest decrease in synephrine and flavonoids. However, the polysaccharide content increased in the peel of Peach leaf orange. Functional analysis revealed that the delay of harvesting time can diminish the inhibitory capacity of orange-dark tea on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Organoleptic quality and physiological activity analysis demonstrated September as the optimal time for harvesting Peach leaf oranges for processing orange dark tea.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Ziyu Gan,Jun Wang
Linalool, a key monoterpene volatile organic compound, plays a vital role in plant stress signaling and agricultural quality evaluation. Herein, we developed a portable sensing platform by integrating molecularly imprinted metal–organic framework nanozymes (MIP@His-MOF) with smartphone-assisted colorimetric analysis. Histidine-functionalized MIL-101 was designed to mimic the catalytic environment of horseradish peroxidase, while molecular imprinting introduced selective recognition sites for linalool. This dual-functional design led to a 3.9-fold increase in catalytic efficiency and significantly improved selectivity. The optimized sensor achieved a limit of detection of 0.14 ppm in solution and retained high sensitivity in a paper-based format (0.62 ppm). As a proof of concept, the paper sensor successfully differentiated black tea quality grades, showing strong correlation with GC–MS results. This work highlights a modular, low-cost, and field-deployable approach for volatile compound detection in precision agriculture and food quality monitoring.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Junren Xu,Jing Lu,Shanliang Fu,Na Li,Yiqiao Zhao,Kunbo Wang,Zhonghua Liu,Taolin Chen,Jianan Huang,Mingzhi Zhu
Amino acids (AAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are key to tea's flavor and health benefits. This study developed a novel GC–MS and GC-FID method using rapid (3 min), high-sensitivity (0.00062 μg mL −1 < LOD < 0.04964 μg mL −1 ) pre-column derivatization with propyl chloroformate to simultaneously measure 17 AAs and 9 SCFAs. The spatial distribution analysis revealed total AAs and theanine were enriched in tender stems, buds, and tender leaves, while mature and older leaves had lower concentrations. Within the same leaf, theanine, glutamic acid, and acetic acid are primarily located near the leaf veins. Six teas from the same raw material were analyzed for processing impacts, showing green, white, yellow, and oolong teas had higher AA and theanine levels than black and dark teas. Certain dark teas exhibited elevated acetic acid levels compared to other teas. This study enhances our understanding of AA and SCFA profiles, providing valuable insights for tea research.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Aqian Chu,Guoqiang Xiang,Yaming Sun,Lijun He,Wenjie Zhao
Isoindole-CDs probe synthesized via rapidly gram-scale self-exothermic method. • Isoindole groups enhance oxidation by Mn(VII), enabling ultra-sensitive detection. • Achieved LOD of 2.45 ng mL −1 for Mn(VII) in various tea samples. Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for human health, but excessive intake can lead to neurotoxicity. Tea is a major dietary source of Mn, necessitating sensitive and reliable methods for its quantification. In this work, a novel fluorescent probe based on isoindole-functionalized carbon dots (Iso-CDs) was developed for the highly sensitive detection of total Mn in tea samples. The Iso-CDs were synthesized via a two-step strategy: first, amino-rich nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NH₂-CDs) were rapidly prepared on a gram scale using a self-exothermic reaction with locust powder as the precursor; then, the surface amino groups were reacted with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) to construct electron-rich isoindole moieties on the CD surface. The resulting Iso-CDs exhibited strong blue fluorescence at 427 nm. The isoindole group is more susceptible to oxidation by Mn(VII) compared to the original amino groups, enabling an efficient fluorescence quenching response. Under optimized conditions, the fluorescence quenching ratio showed a good linear relationship with Mn(VII) concentration in the range of 10–800 ng mL −1 , with a detection limit as low as 2.45 ng mL −1 . The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of total Mn in various tea samples, yielding satisfactory recoveries. This work provides a rational surface engineering strategy for designing highly sensitive CDs-based fluorescent probes and demonstrates its practical potential for food safety monitoring. Download: Download high-res image (350KB) Download: Download full-size image
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npj Science of Food
·
2026
·
IF 9.7
Shi Yuxuan,Sun Jiayi,Chen Lin,Xu Shuang,Guo Shasha,Xu Anan,Ye Qun,Wang Yuefei,Xu Ping
While black tea’s oxidized polyphenols hold potential for gut health, the specific protective mechanisms of its ethanol-soluble fraction (BES), particularly regarding host-microbiota interactions, remain poorly defined. This study elucidated the dual mechanisms through which BES ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. By integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking/dynamics simulations, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis, we identified the PI3K/AKT signaling axis as a potential host target. Our findings suggest that key flavonoid constituents stably bind to critical nodes, potentially downregulating the expression and activation of pathway components. Concurrently, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics revealed that BES reshaped gut microbiota by suppressing Akkermansia and enriching SCFA producers such as Lactobacillus , restoring fecal SCFA levels. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed that BES-modulated microbiota alone transferred protection. Thus, BES acts concertedly through direct PI3K/AKT inhibition and indirect microbiota-SCFA modulation, providing a mechanistic basis for targeted use of black tea fractions in intestinal inflammation.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Mingzhen Wu,Jiushuai Deng,Jiaozhong Cai,Hao Zhang
TP enables the selective flotation separation of hematite from quartz. • TP is selectively chemisorbed onto the hematite surface. • TP is a natural, biodegradable, and water-soluble depressant. This paper investigated the selective depression of hematite by tea polyphenols (TP) in a cationic collector dodecylamine (DDA) system. Micro-flotation results indicate that, under natural pH conditions, when the DDA concentration was 2 × 10 -4 mol/L and the TP concentration was 2 × 10 -3 mol/L, the artificially mixed ore achieved satisfactory flotation indexes: an iron grade of 65.68% and a recovery of 87.75%. Contact angle test results indicate that TP could significantly reduce the hydrophobicity of hematite surfaces while exerting a minor effect on quartz. FTIR and XPS analyses indicate that TP was chemisorbed on the surface of hematite. Frontier molecular orbital analysis shows that the phenolic hydroxyl group served as the primary reactive site of the TP molecule. Molecular dynamics simulation results reveal that TP exhibited stronger interaction with hematite than with quartz, with interaction energies of approximately −56.44 kcal/mol and −27.80 kcal/mol, respectively. Therefore, TP, as a selective and biodegradable depressant for hematite, is expected to be applicable to the flotation separation of hematite and quartz. Download: Download high-res image (96KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Frontiers in Nutrition
·
2026
·
IF 5.5
Fenqi Lin,Duoer Lu,Jia Chen,Dongming Lu,Xiangjun Liu,Shiyu Lin,Langming Wu,Leisi Sun,Yueji Luo
ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify candidate therapeutic targets of oolong tea polyphenols (TP) against hyperuricemia (HUA) using network pharmacology and bioinformatics, and to validate the predicted molecular mechanism through in vivo experimentation.MethodsDrug and disease targets were retrieved from public databases, and overlapping targets were identified by Venn diagram analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the shared targets, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub genes. For in vivo validation, an HUA mouse model was established by 15 days of oral potassium oxonate (PO) administration. Model mice then received TP by gavage at low (0.5 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1), medium (1 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1), or high (2 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1) doses for an additional 15 days. Serum biochemical markers, histopathological changes, and pathway-related protein expression were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and western blot analysis, respectively.ResultsNetwork pharmacology analysis identified 59 overlapping targets between TP and HUA; GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these targets were primarily associated with hormone metabolism and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In the animal experiment, TP dose-dependently reduced serum uric acid (SUA) levels in hyperuricemic mice. At the molecular level, low and medium doses of TP suppressed phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), whereas the high dose paradoxically activated this pathway and concomitantly elevated interleukin-1β levels. These findings indicate that TP modulates uric acid metabolism through a non-monotonic, dose-dependent mechanism.ConclusionBy combining network pharmacology with animal experiments, this study identified the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as a likely mediator of the anti-hyperuricemic action of oolong tea polyphenols (TP). A medium dose of TP achieved the most balanced outcome, attenuating inflammation and preserving hepatic and renal architecture; the high dose, by contrast, paradoxically elevated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and overactivated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, underscoring the importance of dose calibration. These data suggest that a medium dose of TP may represent a feasible dietary strategy against hyperuricemia. Further work—including monomer identification, direct target validation, and clinical evaluation—is warranted to confirm and extend these preclinical findings.
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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 199
·期 4
·
IF 6.9
Li Jiaxing,Li Mei,Gu Honglian,Zhou Qiying,Dong Kun,Xu Linlin,Wei Jinchao,Tao Yongning,Wang Aoni,Xie Hui,Hu Jianbing,Xie De-Yu,Fei Yue,Song Chuankui,Sun Xiaoling,Liu Shengrui,Zhu Junyan,Wei Chaoling
(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate (3-HAC) is an herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) that plays a crucial role in plant herbivore resistance. In this study, we report the mechanisms underlying the anti-herbivore activity of 3-HAC. Stable-isotope-labeled [2H2]-3-HAC was applied to tea plants and was effectively absorbed by the leaves, subsequently inducing resistance against the destructive herbivore Ectropis obliqua. An integrated omics approach revealed that 3-HAC accelerates jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. A lipoxygenase gene (CsLOX2), an early committed gene in JA biosynthesis, was significantly induced by exogenous 3-HAC exposure, and its suppression attenuated 3-HAC-induced JA biosynthesis and impaired the acquired resistance of tea plants to E. obliqua. Furthermore, two transcription factors, CsNAC2 and CsMYB306, which were co-expressed with CsLOX2 under 3-HAC induction, positively regulated CsLOX2 transcription. Suppression of either one attenuated 3-HAC-induced JA biosynthesis and tea plant resistance to E. obliqua. Simultaneous suppression of both genes showed stronger effects than the suppression of either gene alone. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of HIPV-induced herbivore resistance in plants and emphasize the agricultural significance of 3-HAC as an environmentally friendly anti-herbivore agent.
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 4.2
Ying Liu,Yi Ding,Long Xu,Chao Wang,Huanhuan Yao,Huili Zhang,Xiujun Tang,Min Liao,Haiqun Cao,Junfan Niu
BACKGROUND In order to achieve intelligent and sustainable delivery of tea tree oil (TTO) for tea pest control, we developed a soil-disintegrable, pH-responsive microcapsule system (TMS) with an average particle size of 2.05 μm using 15.6% tea saponin as the shell precursor via interfacial polymerization. RESULTS Optimized TMS (1–2 μm) achieved 97.4% encapsulation efficiency. The system exhibited accelerated TTO release under acidic conditions (78.8% at pH 5.0), enabling targeted delivery to fungal infection sites. It demonstrated superior foliar adhesion and rainfastness (84.5% retention) compared to free TTO. Biological evaluations revealed potent dual bioactivity: antifungal efficacy against Colletotrichum camelliae [median effective concentration (EC 50 ) = 0.87 mg mL −1 ] and Phyllosticta theaefolia (EC 50 = 2.3 mg mL −1 ), alongside significant insecticidal activity against Ectropis obliqua larvae (90.0% mortality at 3 mg mL −1 ). CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates substantial macroscopic disintegration and no apparent phytotoxicity, with the potential to reduce persistent microplastic accumulation, providing a potential strategy to improve its formulation and delivery while retaining its biological activity. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Qiulan Tong,Lei Ma,Yunfei Tan,Danni Liu,Xiaomin Ma,Xudong Li,Zeng Yi
Pickering emulsion gels were successfully constructed by incorporating HPMC. • HPMC markedly enhanced the stability of tea polyphenol Pickering emulsions. • Gel strength was directly governed by HPMC content rather than addition sequence. • Distinct stabilization and gelation mechanisms of HPMC were proposed. • Relationship between interfacial structure and emulsion stability was elucidated. This study investigated the reinforcement of tea polyphenol particle-stabilized Pickering emulsion gels using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a food-grade non-ionic polysaccharide. The effects of HPMC addition sequence, volume fraction (0–0.5), and concentration (1%–4%) were systematically examined. Results demonstrated that HPMC significantly enhanced long-term storage and centrifugal stability, irrespective of its addition sequences. Microstructural and rheological analyses revealed that tea polyphenol particles formed the primary interfacial film, while HPMC reinforced this interface mainly via depletion-mediated interactions. Increasing HPMC volume fraction promoted particle adsorption at the oil-water interface, leading to stronger interfacial barriers and facilitating emulsion gelation. Higher HPMC concentrations progressively improved gel strength and stability. The critical factor governing emulsion behavior was HPMC content rather than addition sequence. This work provides a feasible strategy for rapidly constructing food-grade Pickering emulsion gels and elucidates the mechanism by which non-ionic polysaccharides modulate interfacial architecture and rheological properties, offering potential for designing stable emulsion-based foods. The interfacial structures were crucially influenced by HPMC content rather than addition sequence, which ultimately had an impact on the stabilization and gelation behaviors of Pickering emulsions. Download: Download high-res image (179KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Foods
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 8
·1408
·
IF 6
Yuan Sun,Chuyu Ye,Fei Xu,Cheng Peng,Ying Xu,Dongfeng Wang
White tea infusion micro-nanoparticles (WTMPs) are important for colloidal stability, but the optimal strategy for their isolation and the mechanisms underlying their stability remain unclear. Here, a multi-indicator TOPSIS strategy was used to optimize ultrafiltration–centrifugation, and the best condition was identified as a 100 kDa membrane, 3000× g , and 20 min. The isolated WTMPs were not merely a concentrated form of white tea colloids (WTCs), but a selectively enriched fraction with remodeled composition, more regular morphology, more ordered intermolecular organization, and improved environmental stability. In particular, gallic acid (GA) was enriched, whereas caffeine (CAF) decreased markedly after isolation. Spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations further suggested that GA and CAF played different roles in the protein–polysaccharide network: GA was more favorable for cooperative interfacial stabilization, whereas CAF behaved more like a locally associated ligand. Overall, these results support a composition–structure–stability relationship for WTMPs and provide mechanistic insight into the selective enrichment of GA and the enhanced stability of the isolated micro-nanoparticle fraction.
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