FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Huanhuan Gao,Daolun Liang,Yadong Sun,Jianzhong Liu
To address space constraints in solid rocket motors, this study investigates Al–Ti, Al–Zr, and Al–Mo alloys. Their high density enhances energy release per unit volume. Multidimensional analyses—thermal oxidation behavior, ignition/combustion characteristics, and agglomeration properties—were conducted to elucidate how high-density alloys influence Al-based propellant combustion performance and energy release. Results show these high-density alloys exhibit shorter ignition delay time and combustion time, effectively increasing the propellant burning rate of propellants while reducing the pressure exponent. Titration measurements reveal combustion efficiencies of 84.28% (A), 87.33% (AT), 86.79% (AZ), and 85.91% (AM). Among them, Al–Zr demonstrates the most significant optimization effect on combustion performance. Due to the low ignition threshold, Al–Ti significantly suppresses agglomerate formation and accelerates the combustion. Meanwhile, Al–Mo enhances the transport efficiency of oxidizing gases through the phase-change sublimation mechanism of MoO 3 , indirectly boosting combustion efficiency. Furthermore, this work reveals the synergistic mechanisms by which high-density alloys optimize propellant combustion performance via multiple factors. The findings confirm the technical feasibility of simultaneously achieving superior combustion performance, high energy output, and effective agglomeration suppression, providing theoretical and technological guidance for developing advanced high-energy-density solid propellants.
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JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION
·
2021
·Vol. 36
·期 2
·196-202
·
IF 0.957
Xie Dayan,Zhang Kuibao,Li Weiwei,Luo Baozhu,Guo Haiyan
We reported a rapid synthesis of Sm 3+ /Zr 4+ co-doped Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 pyrochlore simulated nuclear wastes solidification by self-propagation plus quick pressing technique. With increment excess contents of Sm 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 from 0 to 10wt%, the phase composition of the products is a mixed phase of pyrochlore structure and defective fluorite structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectrum. In addition, the SEM results demonstrate the fracture surface and microstructure of Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 -based pyrochlore. The densified pyrochlore waste form exhibits high bulk density of 5.56 g·cm −3 and vickers hardness of 11.20±0.2 GPa. The leaching tests show that the elemental leaching rates of Gd, Sm, and Cu after 42 days are 1.92×10 −4 , 1.51×10 −4 , and 3.90×10 −3 g·m −2 ·d −1 , respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核化学与放射化学
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ENERGY & FUELS
·
2020
·
IF 3.421
Shiwei Ma,Shiyi Chen,Huijun Ge,Tao Song,Ping Lu,Wenguo Xiang
CeO2 is a typical fluorite oxide with desirable lattice oxygen conductivity and can be applied as an active support for the Fe-based oxygen carrier in chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG). However, Fe2O3/CeO2 always suffers from low thermal stability and sintering. Doping foreign cations could be a proper way to improve its reactivity and cyclic stability. In this work, Zr4+ and Sm3+, with a smaller ionic radius and lower valence than Ce4+, respectively, were doped into Fe2O3/CeO2 using the co-precipitation method, and the doping effects on the reactivity and redox stability of Fe2O3/CeO2 in CLHG were investigated. Fe2O3/Ce0.6Sm0.15Zr0.25O1.925 provided the best redox reactivity, and the purity of generated hydrogen for all oxygen carriers reached nearly 100% (the detection limit of CO/CO2 was 0.01% in volume). The reactivity followed the sequence Fe2O3/Ce0.6Sm0.15Zr0.25O1.925 > Fe2O3/Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 > Fe2O3/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 > Fe2O3/CeO2. However, the concentration of oxygen vacancy was ranked as Fe2O3/Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 > Fe2O3/Ce0.6Sm0.15Zr0.25O1.925 > Fe2O3/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 > Fe2O3/CeO2. The Zr doping boosted the reactivity of Fe2O3/CeO2 mainly by enhancing its sintering resistance, whereas the Sm doping achieved it mainly by promoting the oxygen conductivity, whose ability to improve the thermal stability of Fe2O3/CeO2 was rather limited. Both Zr and Sm doping could suppress the outward migration of Fe cations in the particles, resulting in higher sintering resistance. Furthermore, Zr and Sm could dissolve into CeO2 for prepared Fe2O3/Ce0.6Sm0.15Zr0.25O1.925; however, the bleeding out of both dopants was observed with Sm0.5Zr0.5O1.75 formation, which could be detrimental to the redox stability of the oxygen carrier.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
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高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2026
·
IF 14.2
Yongqiang Ye,Bo Xu,Yanmei Xiong,Xueyuan Yang,Wenchao Huang
Phenolic impregnated carbon ablator (PICA) is a lightweight ablative material extensively used in thermal protection systems. However, its performance is limited by the poor oxidation resistance of carbon fibers and the insufficient thermal stability of the phenolic matrix at elevated temperatures. To address these challenges, a Si–Zr binary-modified carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic aerogel composite (denoted as S a Z b -CF/PA) was fabricated via a two-step sol–gel process. A SiO 2 –ZrO 2 ceramic coating was formed in situ on the fiber surface, serving as an effective barrier against oxygen diffusion. The resulting composite exhibits a low density (∼0.70 g/cm 3 ), high compressive strength, and excellent oxidation and ablation resistance. After exposure to air at 1000 °C, S a Z b -CF/PA retained 47.5 wt% of its mass, whereas the unmodified composite retained only 2 wt%. Under oxyacetylene flame testing (2 MW/m 2 for 60 s), the composite demonstrated low linear and mass ablation rates of 0.0160 mm/s and 0.0048 g/s, respectively. Microstructural analysis revealed the formation of a dense and continuous SiO 2 –ZrO 2 -rich ceramic layer that effectively protects the underlying structure during ablation. These results indicate that fiber-level ceramic modification via sol–gel coating is a promising strategy for developing high-performance lightweight ablative composites for extreme thermal environments.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2020
·
IF 3.83
Mingxue Wang,Kun Wang,Xiaobing Huang,Tao Zhou,Huasheng Xie,Yurong Ren
To improve the intrinsic electronic conductivity of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 (NVPF), zirconium (Zr) was introduced into the NVPF/C compound through a carbothermal reduction reaction with citric acid as the carbon source. The effects of Zr 4+ doping on the crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared materials were analyzed. Electrochemical and kinetic properties of the samples were investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge, CV and EIS test. It is confirmed that moderate Zr 4+ doping can improve the electrochemical performance of NVPF. Among all Na 3 V 2-x Zr x (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 /C (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1) samples, Na 3 V 1·95 Zr 0·05 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 /C shows the best rate and cycle performance. It exhibits the highest specific capacity of 121.8 and 110.3 mAh/g at 0.2 and 10 C, respectively, and maintains a capacity retention of approximately 83.6% after 1000 cycles at 5 C. The kinetic properties results show that the excellent electrochemical performance of Na 3 V 1·95 Zr 0·05 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 /C can be attributed to the increase in electronic conductivity and ion diffusion coefficient .
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
·
储能
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2019
·
IF 8.355
Zhen Huang,Minghu Zhao,Chen Wang,Shixing Wang,Linqing Dai,Libo Zhang,Lei Xu
A novel metal organic framework absorbent was synthesized by one step method using 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid as organic linker for efficient and selective recovery of Au(III) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent were detected by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and zeta potential instruments. Its performance was tested by batch experiments. The adsorption isotherm conforms to the Langmuir model, demonstrating that the adsorption process is the uniform monolayer adsorption. The kinetic model is well fitted to the pseudo second-order dynamics model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 1119 mg/g at pH = 2. High temperatures can promote the absorption process. The five adsorption and desorption cycles indicate that the adsorbent has good repeatability for Au(III) adsorption. It could selectively adsorbed Au(III) from wastewater. The adsorption derive from chelation and reduction. The DFT and XPS results show that Au(III) is mainly adsorbed on the adsorbent by coupling with the S atom. These results indicate that it has a high potential to remove Au(III) from industrial wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
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JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2026
·
IF 6.2
Cheng-Du Guan,Yong-Chao Qi,Zhong-Hao Jiang,Ai-Min Wang,Ni Bai,Jin-Zhong Chen,Ai-Rong Mao,Zi-Long Zhao,Lin Lang,Jian Wei,Jin-Xi Wang,Jin-Jun Bai
The production of hydrocarbon-rich oil from low-rank coal via catalytic hydrocracking holds significant potential for applications in fuel production, chemical feedstock, and energy storage and conversion. However, enhancing the yield of derived oil while maximizing heteroatom removal to increase the proportion of hydrocarbons remains a major challenge. To address this, we developed a magnetic Zr@Co/C 600 catalyst with a core-shell structure, where ZIF-67-derived cobalt is uniformly dispersed on a nitrogen-doped porous carbon matrix as the core, and ZrO 2 serves as the protective shell. This catalyst exhibits a high specific surface area, well-defined mesoporous architecture, abundant acid sites (particularly strong acidic sites), and multiple active species containing nitrogen, oxygen, and cobalt. It demonstrates superior performance in cleaving >C–O– bridge bonds and removing heteroatoms. Moreover, the core-shell design effectively prevents the aggregation and leaching of active components, ensuring structural stability and sustained catalytic activity over five reuse cycles. DFT calculations reveal the energy barriers associated with the transition states of benzyloxybenzene reactions involving various active hydrogen species, offering theoretical support for elucidating the catalytic hydrogenation reaction mechanism. When applied to the catalytic hydrocracking of Xiwan subbituminous coal, the Zr@Co/C 600 catalyst increases the yield of soluble products from 10.4 wt% (non-catalytic) to 19.8 wt%. Furthermore, the relative contents of arenes and alkanes in the light oil fraction rise from 45.8% to 57.9% and from 20.5% to 23.0%, respectively, while those of arenols and other heteroatom-containing compounds decrease significantly.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Nan Wu,Bao-Xu Jiang,Jing-Yu Sun,Bo Jiang,Yu-Rong Liu,Yu-Teng Zhang,Nan Lv,Shuang-Bao Li
● Zr-based MOC/PAN composite beads was fabricated by a phase inversion method. ● ZrT@PAN-0.5 beads achieved 97.68% ± 2.31% removal efficiency for methyl orange. ● Adsorption mechanism was mainly attributed to electrostatic interactions and pore volume. ● This research pioneers Zr-MOCs as fillers in composite beads for pollutant removal. The demand for synthetic dyes has continuously increased due to their wide application in industrial coloration. However, the discharge of dye-containing wastewater poses significant risks to both ecosystems and human health. In the present study, zirconium-based metal-organic cages (Zr-MOCs) were incorporated into polyacrylonitrile-based beads via a facile phase-inversion method, yielding a series of Zr-MOCs@PAN composite beads. The adsorption performance of the composite beads for methyl orange (MO) was evaluated via batch adsorption experiments. The key factors affecting adsorption performance, such as the loading ratio of Zr-MOCs, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and solution pH, were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that ZrT-1 integrated composite beads exhibited an adsorption capacity of 48.62 ± 1.72 mg/g for 40 mg/L MO at pH = 5 (removal efficiency reached 97.68% ± 2.31%), which was significantly higher than that of pristine PAN beads. The adsorption driving force for MO was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of electrostatic interactions, pore volume, and hydrogen bonding interactions between the zirconium cages and MO. This work provides a versatile route to fabricate MOC-functionalized composite beads, exhibiting promising potential for dye removal from wastewater. Download: Download high-res image (136KB) Download: Download full-size image Novel composite beads were constructed by embedding Zr-based metal-organic cages into a PAN matrix, exhibiting efficient removal behavior for dye pollutants.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Xin Wen,Guiqiang Fei,Xue Jiang,Kuan Wang,Mei-Jie Shi,Zhen-Hong He,Weitao Wang,Huan Wang,Xiaojuan Lai,Zhao-Tie Liu
A heterostructured Ag/Cu 2 O-ZrO₂ catalyst was synthesized via an interface engineering strategy. • The Ag/Cu 2 O-ZrO₂ possesses a substantial number of Cu-O-Zr heterointerfaces with dispersed Ag sites • The optimized Ag/Cu 2 O-ZrO₂ catalyst demonstrates exceptional CO₂-to-C 2 fuels conversion performance. • Possible mechanism for boosting electroreduction of CO 2 reduction was proposed. • The present work sheds light on the customization of interfacial engineering with dispersed active sites. The efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into multi‑carbon (C 2+ ) products is critical for sustainable carbon management, yet remains limited by poor selectivity and sluggish C C coupling kinetics. Herein, a heterostructured Ag/Cu 2 O-ZrO 2 catalyst was synthesized via an interface engineering strategy to promote C 2 production during CO 2 electroreduction. The incorporation of highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles and ZrO 2 domains onto Cu 2 O nanocrystals generates abundant Cu-O-Zr heterointerfaces, which synergistically regulate the local electronic environment and intermediate conversion behavior. In this catalytic system, the dispersed Ag sites act as efficient *CO-generating centers to enrich local CO coverage, while the Cu-O-Zr interfacial domains stabilize oxygen-containing C C coupling intermediates and facilitate their subsequent hydrogenation toward C 2 products. Benefiting from the tandem synergy between CO enrichment and interfacial intermediate stabilization, Ag/Cu 2 O-ZrO 2 catalyst achieves a high C 2 Faradaic efficiency of 78.2% and a C 2 partial current density of 17.1 mA·cm −2 at −1.3 V vs. RHE, outperforming Cu 2 O and Cu 2 O-ZrO 2 counterparts. In situ infrared spectroscopy reveals the efficient evolution of key intermediates from *COOH to *CO and subsequently to *OCCO during electrocatalysis. Meanwhile, DFT calculations demonstrate that Ag promotes *CO accumulation and suppresses its premature desorption, whereas the Cu-O-Zr interface stabilizes *OCCO and *CHCHO intermediates and lowers the corresponding energy barriers for C 2 formation. This work provides mechanistic insights into tandem interface engineering for selective CO 2 electroreduction toward multi‑carbon fuels through the spatially cooperative regulation of CO generation and C C coupling pathways. Download: Download high-res image (321KB) Download: Download full-size image
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9.1
Zemin Li,Rongbo Li,Benxing Li,Yuqi Zhu,Jiale Lin,Chongqing Wang,Rujing Hou,Yichang Pan
The separation of hexane isomers in petrochemical engineering is energy-intensive, driving the need for membrane-based alternatives to conventional thermal processes. Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) offer a material platform by combining the processability of polymer matrices with the high structural tunability of porous fillers. In this work, we fabricate UiO-66-Tix/tPIM-1 MMMs by incorporating Ti-regulated bimetallic Zr/Ti-UiO-66 fillers into a thermally treated polymer of intrinsic microporosity (tPIM-1) matrix. At low Ti contents, the UiO-66-type crystallinity is largely preserved, while Ti introduction produces measurable changes in the pore characteristics and nHex/22DMB adsorption kinetics. Membrane-level sorption measurements show preferential nHex uptake, while adsorption-kinetic analysis and molecular dynamics simulations of both the isolated frameworks and the UiO-66-Ti 0.2 /tPIM-1 composite environment indicate stronger diffusion restriction toward bulky 22DMB than toward linear nHex. Collectively, these results support an adsorption–diffusion transport mechanism for the observed separation behavior. Among the Ti contents and filler loadings investigated, the selected 5 wt% UiO-66-Ti 0.2 /tPIM-1 membrane achieves a flux of 515 g·m −2 ·h −1 and a separation factor of 7.9 for nHex/22DMB separation. The membrane also maintained relatively stable performance during 84 h of continuous operation and preferentially enriched nHex from multicomponent C6 isomer mixtures, showing competitive separation performance among reported MMMs for hexane isomer separation. These results indicate that controlled Ti introduction provides a route to modify the pore characteristics of UiO-66 and improve nHex/22DMB discrimination in thermally treated PIM-1-based MMMs.
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高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9.9
Yanyun Ju,Qimeng Zhang,Tingqiang Lin,Rui Feng,Zehong Wang,Bowei Liu,Ling Zhou,Lijie Dong
Poly (amide acid) acts as an interfacial mediator via hydrogen bonding. • PZT content is increased by 2.8 times with an optimized PAA concentration of 8 wt%. • Sintered flexible GFF/PZT composite forms a continuous piezoelectric ceramic network. • The flexible sensor achieves high sensitivity and excellent durability. Flexible piezoelectric composites have attracted increasing interest for sensor applications. However, for flexible fiber-based piezoelectric composites, constructing a continuous ceramic network with high loading and robust interfacial bonding on the fiber fabric remains challenging. In this study, we fabricated flexible glass fiber fabric (GFF)/PZT piezoelectric composites. Poly (amide acid) (PAA) was introduced as a molecular mediator on the GFF, where PAA forms hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group and acetate groups of the PZT sol, enabling a 2.8-fold increase in PZT loading at an optimized PAA concentration of 8 wt%. The resulting GFF/PZT composite exhibits a continuous ceramic phase and retains good flexibility with a minimum bending radius of 15 mm. After encapsulation with interdigitated electrodes via epoxy resin (Ep), the GFF/PZT/Ep sensor achieves a minimum bending radius as low as 2.5 mm and exhibits enhanced electrical properties: a dielectric constant of 147, a low dielectric loss of 0.01 at 10 3 Hz, and an inverse piezoelectric coefficient of 119.5 p.m./V. As a bending sensor, it delivers a high sensitivity of 7.52 V per unit flexural strain and excellent durability over 1000 cycles. As a vibration sensor, it attains a sensitivity of 211.16 mV/g at 10 Hz and maintains stable output over 10,000 cycles. This work offers a promising strategy for developing flexible piezoelectric composites for energy conversion applications. Download: Download high-res image (1MB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2026
·Vol. 109
·期 6
·e70904
·
IF 4.2
Xinzi Zhong,Quanneng Zhang,Ji Zou,Keyu Gong,Zhipeng Zhang,Jingjing Liu,Huayue Liang,Shuaihang Qiu,Weimin Wang,Zhengyi Fu
Multicomponent oxide ceramics yield great promises in next-generation thermal protection systems according to their high potential for thermal stability and ablation resistance, but their protective mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the five multicomponent A 6 B 2 O 17 (A = Zr, Hf; B = Nb, Ta) oxide ceramics with different atomic concentrations, respectively, at A- and B-sites, were prepared via a solid-state reaction with a rapid cooling process. Their phase, structural evolutions, and the properties under high-temperature treatment and dynamic ablations were investigated to reveal thermal stability and anti-ablation mechanisms. Only the (Hf 1/2 Zr 1/2 ) 6 (Ta 1/2 Nb 1/2 ) 2 O 17 with equal molar ratio both at A- and B-sites maintained the A 6 B 2 O 17 phase after heat treatment at 1773 K for 25 h; the other samples underwent phase separation behaviors. In addition, the (Hf 3/4 Zr 1/4 ) 6 (Ta 2/3 Nb 1/3 ) 2 O 17 ceramic showed excellent ablation resistance (∼2500 K, 100 s) with the thinnest oxide layer. This property is attributed to the formation of “skeleton-filler phase” protective composite layer, as the (Zr, Hf)O 2 “skeleton” owns high melting point and low volatility to resist thermal gas erosion, and the A n B 2 O 2n+5 family fills defects and hinders the penetrations of O 2 . This study expects to offer design for advanced thermal barriers suitable for the next-generation hypersonic vehicles and reusable spacecraft.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）