CATALYSIS TODAY
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2025
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IF 5.3
Xi Shen,Zhenyu Zhao,Hong Li,Xin Gao
The recycling and upcycling of waste plastics into high-value products by pyrolysis is a critical challenge caused by its time/energy-consuming problems, which can be overcome by employing microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis due to its rapid pyrolysis rates and high product yields. This study presents a facile method for the synthesis of catalysts for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste plastics, utilizing the pyrolytic products as raw materials. In this case, a microwave thermal shock strategy is developed to efficiently anchor iron nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This method recycles a portion of pyrolysis products back into the catalyst pool for plastic transformation into new CNTs, reducing the consumption for preparing additional catalysts. The precursors exposed to 50 W microwave irradiation reaches above 2000 °C within seconds, allowing Fe nanoparticles to be uniformly impregnated within the carbon nanotube matrix. The formed iron-doped CNTs shows high activity for microwave-assisted pyrolysis, generating CNTs with D/G ratios at 0.31. The recycling and reconstruction of CNTs after multiple pyrolysis form a cross-lined network structure, which facilitates electron transition and can be utilized for fabricating electrocatalysts. Nitrogen doping further improves the onset potential to 0.923 V vs. RHE, making them viable candidates for electrocatalytic applications in oxygen reduction reactions. In summary, our findings demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to reactive pyrolysis products that serve as catalysis for microwave-assisted pyrolysis, with the potential to reduce volatile organic compound emissions and capital expenditure in catalyst preparation, offering a greener and more efficient pathway for plastic waste management and catalyst production.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2024
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IF 3.8
Cuiqing Zhou,Binbin Sun,Long Ni,Haichao Meng,Yinfu Luo,Mei Liang,Huawei Zou
The development of lightweight materials with ultrabroadband microwave absorption (MA) performance and excellent mechanical properties is significant for structural stealth electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. Herein, the polyimide-derived carbon foams (CPIFs) were fabricated through a microsphere foaming method and a carbonization process for obtaining outstanding MA performance and mechanical property. The effects of carbonization temperature and prefoaming temperature on the pore size and MA property were investigated. The absorption bandwidth of CPIFs can reach an ultrabroadband absorption of 14 GHz, covering the whole X and Ku bands and most of the C band. The low-density CPIFs exhibited impressive compressive strength (0.47–0.64 MPa) and thermal insulation property with the thermal conductivity in the range of 0.061–0.104 W/m·K. The CPIFs’ lightweightedness, excellent MA, thermal insulation, and mechanical properties make them suitable to be used as a structural material with great application prospects in the fields of civil and military defense.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2011
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IF 4.365
Shurong Wang,Xiujuan Guo,Tao Liang,Yan Zhou,Zhongyang Luo
The mechanism of fast pyrolysis of cellulose has been studied by using an analytical pyrolyzer coupled with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry set-up (Py-GC/MS). The results showed that the main products comprised pyrans such as levoglucosan and levoglucosenone, furans such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, and linear small molecular chemicals such as acetaldehyde and 1-hydroxy-2-propanone. The compositions of products from fast pyrolysis of cellubiose and glucose were similar to that from cellulose, but with higher furan contents and lower pyran contents. Based on the experimental results, density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out to deduce the pyrolysis mechanism of cellulose. The results showed the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural from d -glucopyranose unit to be easier than the formation of levoglucosan, in agreement with the experimental results. The deduced mechanism of reaction pathways in cellulose pyrolysis provides insight into the pyrolysis behavior of cellulose and allows modification of previously proposed related mechanisms.
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Virtual and Physical Prototyping
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2024
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IF 10.2
Long Jiang,Chongyu Long,Shufeng Xiong,Xuming Wang,Yan Mo,Jinhui Zeng,Zhiyuan Liu,Changyong Liu,Zhangwei Chen
Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) can be used in wide applications due to their high hardness and stable chemical properties. However, these characteristics lead to the challenging controllable deformation of additively manufactured PDCs. Herein, ultraviolet (UV)-curable polymer precursors were developed and a pyrolysis strategy was proposed. Through the two-stage folding-assisted pyrolysis strategy, the printed precursor can deform with programmable shape to attain 4D printing. Regardless of very low precursor ceramic yield (13.5 wt%), leading to a huge pyrolysis shrinkage (59.91%), the SiOC ceramics with dense, crack-free complex programmable shapes were successfully obtained. The working mechanism of the two-stage pyrolysis was explained by characterising and analysing the chemical bond status. The effects of unpyrolyzed, first-pyrolysed and second-pyrolysed samples on the skeleton shrinkage, weight loss, and mechanical properties were also studied and compared. The proposed strategy provides a feasible way for the preparation of PDCs with complex programmable shapes that are dense and crack-free by photopolymerization 4D printing.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Ke Yang,Kai Wu,Bo Zhang,Sheng Chu,Fangzhou Li,Mingfan Li,Jiajun Yu,Huiyan Zhang
Biomass is the only renewable carbon-containing resource, which could be converted into high-value liquid fuel via catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) using zeolite catalysts. The development of ZSM-5 synthesis technology based on low-cost raw materials is crucial for industrial-scale production of ZSM-5 zeolites. In this study, we report a solvent-free route for synthesizing ZSM-5 zeolites from two solid wastes: spent fluid catalytic cracking (sFCC) catalyst and rice husk ash (RHA). The effect of ZSM-5 zeolites derived from various raw materials (individual RHA, sFCC catalyst, and their combination) on the conversion of cellulose into aromatics are investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Cellulose catalytic pyrolysis using the zeolite derived from the combination of RHA and sFCC catalyst (R/F-Zeolite) demonstrates a significant enhancement in the production of aromatics compared to using individual raw materials. When mixing 25 % R/F-Zeolite with 75 % commercial ZSM-5, the total yield of BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) increases by 16 % compared to using individual commercial ZSM-5, with a 37 % and 17 % increase in the yield of benzene and toluene, respectively. Moreover, R/F-Zeolite has a better performance of coke resistance than commercial ZSM-5. This work offers a cost-effective solution for the industrial-scale synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolites to produce aromatic-rich biofuel, which also brings benefits in terms of waste disposal.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Chen Zeng,ZhiWei Jiang,Yongjian Zeng,Suyu Zhang,Rafael Luque,Kai Yan
H 2 -rich syngas production via microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of lignocellulosic biomass has recently gained significant attention in biorefineries. Herein, a novel pearl-like calcium oxide (P-CaO) was developed to investigate the dual roles of CaO in H 2 enhancement and CO 2 absorption during MAP of lignocellulosic biomass, dedicated to achieving high production of H 2 -rich syngas. Utilizing a self-constructed MAP system, the different catalytic performance between P-CaO and other metal oxides were examined, revealing that our P-CaO produced the highest H 2 yield (257 NmL/g corn stover , 7.6 times higher than no-catalyst group and 2.2 times higher than commercial CaO group), and lowest CO 2 production (44 NmL/g feedstock ), with syngas purity exceeding 72 vol% at 600°C. This increase in H 2 -rich syngas production demonstrated universal applicability across other biomass feedstocks. Finally, the study delved into the microstructural changes and phase transition mechanisms of P-CaO, shedding insights into gas formation pathways. The P-CaO nanoparticles, with abundant alkaline sites, excellent adsorption capacity and large specific surface area due to aggregate, facilitate the secondary cracking of organic intermediates like phenols, thus promoting the production of H 2 , while CO 2 adsorption derives a favorable shift in the water–gas shift equilibrium. These findings are expected to offer critical insights and serve as a reference for the development of efficient catalysts in the next-generation hydrogen industry.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2024
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IF 12.2
Pengwei Li,Shaohua Luo,Guodong Hao,Kuo Sun,Qiuyue Liu,Martin Møller,Deyong Wang,Peter Kjær Kristensen,Leonid Gurevich,Lars Rosgaard Jensen,Li Wang,Xiangming He
The recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been dogged by air pollutants containing fluoride (e.g. HF, PF 5 , POF 3 ). Pyrolysis is a technique that can eliminate polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) from the cathode electrode sheets of spent LIBs, effectively separating the cathode material from the aluminum (Al) foil. Nonetheless, the HF gas generated during pyrolysis not only corrodes equipment but also presents serious environmental risks. To address this, a novel, eco-friendly strategy is introduced for the direct upgrading of cathode active materials (CAM). The strategy's cornerstone involves incorporating a minor amount of calcium into the original cathode material's coating, and it leverages mechanical stirring during the waste battery material separation process to ensure the electrode is fully detached from the current collector at a reduced temperature. The pyrolysis mechanism elucidates that fluorine-containing organic pollutants are converted into metal fluorides and deposited on the surface of cathode particles during aerobic pyrolysis, thereby improving the interfacial stability of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) materials, reducing transition metal dissolution. This strategy not only eliminates the release of fluorine-containing organic pollutants during pyrolysis but also achieves direct regeneration of CAM. This work underscores the importance of the cathode materials' manufacturing process in facilitating the recycling of spent LIBs and provides an environmentally friendly and economically viable solution for the battery recycling industry.
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PubMed
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JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
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2024
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IF 5.6
Haonan Zheng,Yiran Zhang,Zibo Xu,Guangzhao Zhou,Xuteng Zhao,Zhen Huang,He Lin
High entropy oxides (HEOs) show great prospects in catalysis owing to their widely tunable component structures and ease of combination with active metals. However, the development of HEO catalysts is limited by the lack of efficient synthesis methods due to the difficulty of homogeneously mixing at least five elements. In this work, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is successfully employed to synthesize (CrMnFeCoNi) 3 O 4 HEO with a single phase spinel structure in one step, which is verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Taking CO catalytic oxidation as a probe reaction, the Pt@(CrMnFeCoNi) 3 O 4 HEO catalyst synthesized by FSP in one step is compared with the catalyst whose Pt is impregnated on (CrMnFeCoNi) 3 O 4 HEO support. The FSP-made catalysts have a higher catalytic reaction rate and better redox ability, which lowers the temperature of complete CO conversion by nearly 100 °C. Furthermore, it can be observed that the flame parameters can be optimized to modify the particle size and oxygen vacancies of the HEO nanoparticles, thus enhancing the catalytic performances. This work demonstrates that FSP is an effective method for the one-step synthesis of HEO catalysts with excellent catalytic performance, providing a new perspective for the synthesis of HEO-based materials.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
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2024
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IF 5.1
Shuangshuang Yang,Xingwei Wang,Chen Zhao,Chuanpeng Li,Qiangliang Yu,Bo Yu,Meirong Cai,Feng Zhou
Electromagnetic (EM) pollution frequently disrupts the regular operation of sophisticated electrical devices, necessitating the urgent development of lightweight EM wave absorbers that possess powerful absorption capability. Herein, we report a simple method for the preparation of Fe and heteroatom co-doped biochar composites (FeX-BC, where X = N, S) by directly carbonizing the precursors of anhydrous FeCl 3 , cherry kernel powder, and heteroatom dopants (melamine or Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O). By adding different amounts of dopants during the synthesis of the precursors, it is possible to adjust the heteroatom content of the FeX-BC samples with precision. It is worth mentioning that the FeN 0.1 -BC composite delivers the best EM wave absorption performance with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.8 GHz and a minimal reflection loss of −63.2 dB. Furthermore, the significant attenuation of EM wave can be attributed to the synergistic interplay of magnetic loss, dielectric loss and the enhanced impedance matching. This study introduces a simple methodology for the fabrication of EM wave absorbers, a significant contribution to the synthesis, advancement, and functional applications of biomass-derived materials.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2024
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IF 13.3
Jinye Hu,Wenguang Zhou,Yunpu Wang,Haiwei Jiang,Jiabo Wu,Ting Luo,Mengjiao Wang,Weixin Wang,Qi Wang,Yuhang Hu,Liangliang Fan
HZSM-5 widely used for the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass exhibits the drawbacks of high diffusion resistance and large coke production. To effectively enhance the catalytic efficiency and alleviate the coke deposition, a novel promising catalyst, HZSM-5 coated activated carbon (HZSM-5@AC), was prepared for the first time for in-line upgrading the pyrolysis products of soybean straw. Various catalysts including HZSM-5, activated carbon, and the HZSM-5@AC catalysts with different HZSM-5 to activated carbon mass ratios were characterized. The results showed that the HZSM-5 was successfully coated on the surface of activated carbon and the addition of activated carbon introduced a mesoporous structure and more acidic sites to the catalyst. The catalytic performance on the biomass conversion showed that the catalyst with HZSM-5-to-activated carbon mass ratio of 18:5 (18HZSM-5@5AC) had the highest catalytic efficiency on the conversion of biomass into aromatics with a selectivity of 99.5%, including 75.68% of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) with a yield of 74.68 mg/g. Moreover, a possible pathway for HZSM-5@AC catalyzed biomass pyrolysis was proposed through analyzing the conversion of model compounds. The catalyst cycling experiments demonstrated the higher stability of HZSM-5@AC than the parent HZSM-5 and activated carbon. TG, FTIR, Raman and SEM showed that the spent HZSM-5@AC was hardly structurally changed with a low coke yield of 0.08%. However, the spent HZSM-5 was partly structurally deactivated by large aromatic ring systems with a coke yield of 3.74%. SEM results also showed that a large amount of polymerized material encapsulated the surface of the spent HZSM-5.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2025
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IF 5.4
Haitao Ren,Hong Kang,Abdelkader Labidi,Jenyuk Lohwacharin,Teng Du,Chuanyi Wang
Carbon materials activated persulfate systems have gained growing interest for degrading emerging pollutants in wastewater, yet designing efficient metal-free carbon catalysts remains a challenge. Here, a novel metal-free porous carbon was prepared for the first time using sodium lignosulfonate (SL) as the raw material through a straightforward one-step pyrolysis process. This study investigates how pyrolysis temperature (600–800 °C) affects the structure of porous carbon and its performance to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for tetracycline (TC) degradation in an aqueous system. Results demonstrate that compared to those prepared at 600 and 700 °C, the porous carbon obtained at 800 °C (SL-800) exhibits a larger specific surface area (729.51 m²/g), higher graphitization, and greater electronic conductivity, all of which facilitate TC adsorption and PDS activation. Consequently, the SL-800/PDS system exhibits a high TC degradation rate (95.3 %), surpassing that of most previously reported biochar-based materials. The potential pathways and mechanisms governing TC degradation were elucidated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Additionally, toxicity assessment software and mung bean cultivation demonstrate that the designed SL-800/PDS system can successfully diminish the ecological toxicity of TC. These findings yield valuable insights into developing non-metallic carbon materials that effectively activate PDS to remediate antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.
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JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
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2025
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IF 6.2
Penglin Ma,Zengyi Ma,Jianhua Yan,Yike Zhang,Qunxing Huang
Waste tire pyrolysis oil (WTPO) exhibits high calorific value but requires heteroatoms (S/N) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) reduction for fuel applications. Hydrotreatment is an effective method for removing these heteroatoms, enhancing hydrocarbon saturation, and improving oil quality. This study compares unpresulfurised CoMo/Al 2 O 3 catalytic versus non-catalytic hydrotreatment to upgrade WTPO. The research systematically explores the transformation of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, as well as hydrocarbons, under various reaction conditions. The difficulty of hydrogenation desulfurization for four types of sulfur-containing compounds was ranked. C–N bonds in linear compounds and heterocycles in nitrogen-containing compounds can break under the influence of a catalyst or at elevated temperatures and pressures. However, the direct elimination of nitrogen atoms bonded to the benzene ring in aniline-like compounds remains challenging using this catalyst. A representative heterocyclic compound containing both nitrogen and sulfur, benzothiazole, underwent ring-opening conversion to aniline. Even when using unpresulfurized catalysts at higher weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), dehydrogenation side reactions and PAHs formation can be suppressed to a certain extent. Based on these findings, this paper offers useful insights into the catalytic performance of CoMo/Al 2 O 3 during WTPO hydrotreatment and provides practical references for catalyst selection and reaction condition optimization.
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