Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2023
·
IF 6.9
Yue Liu,Junjie Liu,Ji Xiao,Jing Ye,Lixu Guo,Caiqing Yan
Carbonaceous aerosol, including organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), has significant influence on human health, air quality and climate change. Accurate measurement of carbonaceous aerosol is essential to reduce the uncertainty of radiative forcing estimation and source apportionment. The accurate separation of OC and EC is controversial due to the charring of OC. Therefore, the development of reference materials (RM) for the validation of OC/EC separation is an important basis for further study. Previous RMs were mainly based on ambient air sampling, which could not provide traceability of OC and EC concentration. To develop traceable RMs with known OC/EC contents, our study applied an improved aerosol generation and mixing technique, providing uniform deposition of particles on quartz filters. To generate OC aerosol with similar pyrolytic property of ambient aerosol, both water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) were used, and amorphous carbon was selected for EC surrogate. The RMs were analyzed using different protocols. The homogeneity within the filter was validated, reaching below 2 %. The long-term stability of RMs has been validated with RSD ranged from 1.7–3.2 %. Good correlation was observed between nominal concentration of RMs with measured concentration by two protocols, while the difference of EC concentration was within 20 %. The results indicated that the newly developed RMs were acceptable for the calibration of OC and EC, which could improve the accuracy of carbonaceous aerosol measurement. Moreover, the laboratory-generated EC-RMs could be suitable for the calibration of equivalent BC concentration by Aethalometers.
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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·Vol. 47
·期 42
·19688-19697
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IF 3.3
Yang Zou,Xue Li,Siqi Hu,Yumeng Wen,Xiaolong Liu,Chunxin Lu,Tingyu Zhu
Four types of Pt/C catalysts were synthesized by depositing platinum on various carbon materials, including graphene, graphitic carbon nitride, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes. The microscopic structure and physicochemical properties of these catalysts were analyzed using different techniques such as TEM, XRD, BET, TGA, and XPS. The results indicated that platinum predominantly existed in the form of nanoparticles on graphene, graphitic carbon nitride, and carbon nanotubes. The performance of the catalysts in catalyzing CO oxidation was evaluated, and Pt/CNTs exhibited the highest efficiency compared to other catalysts. At a temperature of 170 °C, the conversion efficiency of CO on Pt/CNTs reached 96.5%. In situ DRIFTS experiments were performed, which did not show any peaks of CO adsorption on the surface of Pt/CNTs. Therefore, the oxidation of CO on Pt/CNTs was presumed to proceed via the Eley–Rideal (ER) mechanism. O2 was adsorbed and activated on Pt NPs to form a Pt NP–O–O*–CO structure with CO, which then decomposed to yield CO2 and an activated oxygen species (O*). Finally, O* reacted with CO again to produce CO2, completing the catalytic cycle.
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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 3.3
Qianglong Chen,Ruibin Guo,Yangyang Jiang,Li li,Wenjing Qin,Yanchun Tan,Nijuan Liu,Zunli Mo
Three-dimensional amorphous silver lug-like CoNi 2 S 4 electrode materials have been designed and synthesised by the sacrificial template method. Through a clever combination of Ni 2+ induced template deficiency and sulphidation reactions, the rearrangement of the electronic structure can be promoted, generating more defects. The Ni element-doped electrode significantly improves the capacitance due to the bimetallic synergy and has a high mass specific capacitance of 1351 F g −1 at a current density of 4 A g −1 . The specific capacitance was 1111 F g −1 at a current density of 20 A g −1 , showing an excellent multiplicative performance (82.2%).
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DESALINATION
·
2023
·
IF 9.9
Weiming Sun,Zhongbao Liu,Yimo Liu,Zepeng Wang
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology has immense potential in addressing the global challenge of freshwater scarcity. Currently, most solar interface evaporators have complex and costly manufacturing processes, hindering practical applications. Additionally, in many solar distillation systems, the evaporation and condensation processes occur within the same space. This causes sunlight to be scattered or absorbed by the water droplets on the transparent surface, thereby reducing the solar energy reaching the evaporator, the high internal humidity ratio further hinders water evaporation . Therefore, we developed a cost-effective polyvinyl alcohol/carbon black hydrogel (PCH) with a simple fabrication process. PCH achieves an evaporation rate of 1.54 kg m −2 h −1 and an energy conversion efficiency as high as 90.5 % under 1 sun (1 kW m −2 ). Furthermore, we have introduced a novel solar-driven low-vacuum interfacial distillation system (SLIDS) that separates the evaporation and condensation processes into distinct spaces and employs the principle of low pressure to enhance water evaporation. The condensate yield rate of the SLIDS was 1.46 kg m −2 h −1 , which is 2.2 times higher than traditional system under 1 sun. This increase in the condensate yield rate by 41.6 % was achieved through the introduction of low-pressure conditions.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2023
·
IF 6.6
Rui Yu,Zhaokuan Li,Qing Wang,Yongzhi Lan
Porous structures grown in situ increase the electrode contact area with the electrolyte, reduce ion diffusion distance, and enhance electrode material electrochemical properties. In this paper, we have adopted a dual-channel electrodeposition strategy with simultaneous electrodeposition and phosphorylation to construct metal-semiconductor contact heterostructures by depositing Ni@NiCo phosphate microspherical nanostructures directly on a copper foam (CF) (Ni@NiCoP/CF) framework at room temperature . The results show that Ni@NiCoP/CF has excellent electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 200 mAh g –1 at 1 A g –1 , 147.2 mAh g –1 at 20 A g –1 and 93.6 % after 5000 cycles, showing excellent ration performances and cycling stability. In addition, the hybrid supercapacitor composed of Ni@NiCoP/CF as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode achieves a high energy density of 48.7 Wh kg −1 at 874 W kg −1 and has excellent cycling stability with 113.23 % capacity retention after 30,000 charge/discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g –1 . This study serves as a guide for the development of high-performance capacitor cathode materials with high electrochemical activity and capacity.
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Chemistry-An Asian Journal
·
2023
·Vol. 18
·期 24
·e202300818
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IF 4.1
Caiting Gu,Zhiyuan Liu,Xin Zhong,Yuan Gao,Jingwen Zhao,Fengwei Shi
Graphical Through the multiple cross-linking reaction of sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and graphene oxide (GO), a hydrated gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with high conductivity and excellent mechanical property was prepared. As an additive, GO formed strong hydrogen-bonding interaction with polymers to build a three-dimensional network structure which facilitated the migration of ions and improved the mechanical property of GPE. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) assembled with gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) have gained great popularity due to their low cost and safety. Nevertheless, the extensive utilization of GPE based AZIBs is hindered by various challenges, such as inadequate conductivity, limited mechanical strength, and unstable electrochemical properties. Herein, through the multiple cross-linking reaction of sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and graphene oxide (GO), a hydrated GPE with high conductivity and excellent mechanical property was prepared. GO formed strong hydrogen-bonding interaction with polymers to build a three-dimensional network structure for ion migration and improved the mechanical property of GPE. The prepared GPE showed high ionic conductivity of 2.89×10 −3 S cm −1 and excellent tensile strength of 900 kPa. In addition, the assembled Zn−Li hybrid battery provided a discharge specific capacity retention rate of 67.6 % and a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of approximate 100 % after 1000 cycles at 1 C.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2023
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IF 6.2
Bin Du,Yiran Liu,Jiayi Xu,Yimin Ouyang,Yuan Cheng,Tao Zhang
High-entropy engineering is an effective strategy for developing high properties of the transition-metal carbides, including their mechanical and functional performance, owing to its high-entropy effect, sluggish diffusion effect, sever lattice distortion, and cocktail effect. In this study, a single-phase high-entropy ceramic with a rock-salt crystal structure (Hf 0.25 Zr 0.25 Nb 0.25 Ta 0.25 )C was fabricated through a solid-phase reaction at 2200 °C. The as-obtained, high-entropy ceramic powder exhibited high efficiency electromagnetic-wave-absorption capability. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value reached approximately − 64.38 dB at 16 GHz with a thickness of 4.43 mm. By tuning the thickness of the sample, the total effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) was ∼ 4.46 GHz, almost covering the Ku band. The excellent microwave absorption performance was ascribed to the high-entropy effect of the strong dielectric loss of the material as well as the proper impedance matching degree. Thus, high-entropy engineering is expected to be a promising route for developing microwave absorbers with excellent absorption capability.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2023
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IF 13.6
Shuai Zhang,Jiating Zhao,Lizhong Zhu
Thermal desorption (TD) is known as an effective technique to remediate PAHs-contaminated sites. However, effectively removing PAHs using TD while saving time, and energy, and minimizing soil damage remains a challenge. In this study, we examined the combined effects of various factors on the removal efficiency of pyrene (PYR) by TD and developed an optimal numerical model based on conducting a series of soil experiments. The results showed that temperature (T) and time (t) promoted the desorption of PYR, while water ( S w ) and organic matter ( f om ) were just the opposite. Besides, water and organic matter had a synergistic effect proportionally. It was found that adjusting the soil-water ratio (which can be controlled by organic matter) maximized the desorption rate of PYR. An ideal S w / f om 1.56 and a minimized recommended temperature (173 °C) were proposed based on the model. Finally, the efficacy of the optimized scheme was validated in real-world site soil. These findings not only mechanistically revealed the desorption behavior of PYR under the influence of various factors, but also provided an optimized scheme for efficiently removing PAHs using TD, thereby accelerating the remediation process and reducing energy consumption. The modeling ideas and conclusions obtained may be applicable to other PAHs, guiding the effective remediation of PAHs-polluted sites.
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Photonics Research
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 10
·1781-1790
·
IF 7.6
You-Long Chen,You-Long Chen,You-Long Chen,Yi-Hua Hu,Yi-Hua Hu,Yi-Hua Hu,Yi-Hua Hu,Xing Yang,Xing Yang,Xing Yang,You-Lin Gu,You-Lin Gu,You-Lin Gu,Xin-Yu Wang,Xin-Yu Wang,Xin-Yu Wang,Yu-Hao Xia,Yu-Hao Xia,Yu-Hao Xia,Xin-Yuan Zhang,Xin-Yuan Zhang,Xin-Yuan Zhang,Yu-Shuang Zhang,Yu-Shuang Zhang,Yu-Shuang Zhang,Yu-Shuang Zhang
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), fascinating semiconductors with stable photoluminescence (PL), have important potential applications in the fields of biology, medicine, and new semiconductor devices. However, it is still challenging to overcome the weak PL intensity. Here, we report a strategy for selective resonance enhancement of GQD fluorescence using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as plasmas. Interestingly, the addition of low concentration AuNP makes AuNP/GQDs exhibit significant fluorescence enhancement of 2.67 times in the visible range. The addition of high concentration AuNP leads to the formation of an excitation peak at 421 nm and selectively enhances certain radiation modes. We concluded that the main reason for the selective enhancement of PL intensity in high concentration AuNP is the transfer of generous hot electrons at high energy states from AuNP to GQD and relaxation to the ground state. The electron resonance of low concentration AuNP transfers to GQD and relaxes to lower energy levels, exhibiting an overall enhancement of PL intensity. We apply it for detection of the heavy metal ion Cr3+, and verify that it has a correlation coefficient of 97.36%. We believe AuNP/GQDs can be considered excellent candidates for heavy metal detection and high fluorescence bio-imaging.
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Carbon Letters
·
2023
·
IF 4.5
Gao Qiuyue,Li Guoru,Kofie Gideon,Chen Biaohua,Yin Fengxiang
A series of ZIF-67-C-IL catalysts were prepared using ZIF-67 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([BMIM]NTf 2 ) ionic liquid as precursors. The structure of the catalysts was characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM and XPS. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was evaluated in a three-electrode system. The results confirmed that the high-temperature treatment of the precursors resulted in the formation of N, S co-doped carbon-encapsulated Co 9 S 8 nanoparticles. To create N, S co-doped carbon coated Co 9 S 8 nanoparticle catalysts, ionic liquids are used as sulfur and nitrogen sources. The catalytic activity of ORR can be improved using N, S co-doped carbon to prevent the aggregation of Co 9 S 8 nanoparticles. Graphitized and N, S co-doped carbon shells are optimal for achieving high activity stability. Optimal 600-ZIF-67-C(1:1.5)-30IL catalytic activity was observed for ORR. The half-wave potential of ORR was 0.88 V vs. RHE in 0.1 mol L −1 KOH, with a limit current density of 4.70 mA cm −2 . Similar ORR electrocatalytic activity was observed between this catalyst and commercial Pt/C (20 wt%).
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Yuanlu Xu,Yanling Peng,Bowen Lv,Chengwen Song,Zaijin You,Yanming Liu,Xinfei Fan
The burgeoning solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) technology reveals enormous prospect to address the global freshwater crisis, but its application might be limited by a grossly neglected problem of inorganic salt scaling. Herein, based on the carbon nanotubes (CNTs)@carbon black (CB)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) evaporators, the scaling behavior and its influence on the SIE performance were investigated systematically in the two typical anti-salt modes, including the edge-preferential crystallization (T-type mode) and the enhanced convection with vertically aligned vessels (EC-type mode). The results revealed that the scaling occurred easily in both modes when only Ca 2+ and SO 4 2− co-existed in the feed water. Meanwhile, in the T-type mode, the scaling aggravated the NaCl crystallization, resulting in a coverage of NaCl crystals on the whole evaporator surface. For a high salt concentration (10.0 wt% NaCl) with SI (Ca 2+ +SO 4 2− ) = −0.13, the evaporation rate seriously decreased to ∼ 12.6% of its initial value after 12 h. On the contrary, the scaling behavior was significantly suppressed in the presence of Na + and Cl − ions in the EC-type mode. Furthermore, the slight scaling presented a negligible effect on the NaCl accumulation, which ensured a stable evaporation rate of 2.58 ± 0.10 kg m −2 h −1 under the same condition (10.0 wt% NaCl and SI of −0.13) for even 12 h irradiation under 2.0 sun. Therefore, it can be emphasized that developing novel evaporators not only requires a good anti-salt ability, but also possesses an excellent resistance to scaling for the practical application of SIE in the future.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Yingjun Liu,Jianjun Sha,Cheng Su,Jixiang Dai,Yufei Zu
Sintering additive of ZrSi 2 is beneficial to low-temperature densification of ZrB 2 -based ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs), nevertheless, residual ZrSi 2 would severely reduce the high-temperature strength of UHTCs. In the current work, to achieve low-temperature preparation of ZrB 2 -based UHTCs with good high-temperature strength, active carbon (C) was added into ZrB 2 –ZrSi 2 ceramics to convert the sintering additive into refractory phases of SiC/ZrC. C-doped ZrB 2 –ZrSi 2 powders were hot-pressed at different temperatures to investigate the phase composition, microstructure and densification behavior. TG-DSC, XRD and SEM results indicated that ZrSi 2 was almost entirely converted into SiC and ZrC at 1600 °C for 2h, meanwhile, a fully-dense C-doped ZrB 2 –ZrSi 2 ceramic was obtained at such sintering conditions. In addition, the high-temperature (1800 °C) strength of C-doped ZrB 2 –ZrSi 2 ceramic was 390 ± 21 MPa, which was much higher than that of the C-undoped one. The excellent high-temperature mechanical properties could be attributed to the transformation of low-melting-point phases into refractory phases.
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