ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2024
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IF 4.4
Chenxin Zhong,Ran Wang,Zhiqian Zhang,Haijiao Xie,Zhengjie Tang,Zhangkang Wu
Trees are abundant in resources, and functionalization can endow wood with diverse properties, expanding its application potential. Chitosan is frequently utilized for functionalized wood, and various lignocellulose-chitosan composites with intricate structures, morphologies, and anisotropies can be produced through a bottom-up assembly. Nevertheless, the physical interactions among the components of lignocellulose and alkaline polysaccharides remain inadequately understood. This study systematically examined the intermolecular forces between chitosan and the principal components of lignocellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin to clarify the nature of their interactions. Through a combination of adsorption experiments, isotherm modeling, and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, distinct interaction mechanisms governing these systems were identified. Results reveal that chitosan adsorption on wood fibers is heterogeneous and results in multilayer structures with different binding affinities. Lignin exhibits monolayer adsorption dominated by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, while cellulose and xylan exhibit mixed monolayer-multilayer adsorption primarily driven by hydrogen bonding. These molecular-level insights offer a solid theoretical foundation for the design, self-assembly, and production of chitosan/lignocellulose composites, promoting the advancement of biobased materials with customized properties.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2025
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IF 7.3
Qingqing Tao,Xinbo Wang,Ruoxin Du,Chi Man Leong,Matthew Y. Lui
Several insects hold great promise as vital organisms of the future due to their ability to eliminate various types of organic waste under benign conditions while serving as nutritious protein sources for humans and other animals. During their lifecycle, insects produce a significant volume of excrement, commonly known as frass. The utilization or valorization of insect frass is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of insect-related biodegradation processes. In this paper, we present a seamless process for upgrading insect frass. Specifically, we demonstrate that mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) frass, produced through the biodegradation of plastic (polystyrene) or food waste (shrimp shells), can be straightforwardly used to produce high-quality chitin and chitosan, two essential biopolymers. Depending on the insect feed, chitin and chitosan can be isolated with high purity and N-acetylation, exhibiting physicochemical properties similar to those of commercially obtained products through either acid/base treatment or ionic liquid treatment. Moreover, unlike extraction from other major sources, these carbohydrates can potentially be isolated in a one-pot process with good purity using only base treatment, without the need for corrosive acid solutions for demineralization. These findings suggest that insect frass could serve as a more sustainable source of these two crucial biomaterials.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Jiajia Lan,Hai Wang,Shiming Feng,Lingyan Zou,Yuxing Chen,Xinbao Guo,Airong Xu
The chitosan-based hydrogel sensor with successful integration of robust mechanical performances, simultaneously anti-freezing/drying environments and excellent biocompatibility still remains challenged. To overcome this challenge, here, a superhydrogen-bond networks (SHBNs) strategy was presented to assemble a novel chitosan-based hydrogel sensor CS/PVA/GL (chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/glycerol) which exhibits excellent mechanical performances (e. g. load capacity of 60 kg) and 99 % cell viability. Moreover, the hydrogel has exceptional anti-freezing capacity with −100 °C glass transition temperature. Even after going through freezing at −75 °C, it still displays good flexibility, conductivity and mechanical performances. Interestingly, after 60 days of dryness, it still possesses very good flexibility. Importantly, its anti-freezing capacity is nearly close to that before being dried, and the mechanical properties are higher than those before being dried, indicating its excellent anti-drying capacity. With these prominent advantages, after being assembled into a hydrogel sensor, it can monitor human action signals, and be used as bionic skin to write the words “engineer” and “function” on the screen of a mobile phone. The engineering concept developed in this work can provide a valuable insight into constructing high-performance chitosan-based hydrogel sensors which can satisfy real-time tasks regardless of in extremely low temperature and long-term open environments.
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JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
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2024
·Vol. 27
·期 1
·1-14
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IF 2.1
Zhang Ziying,Liu Feng,Li Jiale,Wang Bing
Photothermal therapy (PTT), as a non-invasive and selective treatment strategy, has garnered extensive research interest. Photothermal agents (PTAs) are critical components of PTT, whose light-absorbing and thermosensitive properties enable effective conversion of light energy into heat, creating localized high-temperature regions. However, PTAs often face challenges with degradation in vivo, and standalone PTT is insufficient for complete tumor cell ablation. In this study, we successfully developed a biodegradable nanoplatform for synergistic photothermal-photodynamic therapy. This platform is based on degradable antimonene nanosheets, further functionalized with a chitosan coating, and loaded with the photosensitizer Ce6. In vitro experiments demonstrated that this nanoplatform exhibits excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Upon laser excitation, the platform induces localized thermal effects for cell ablation and promotes reactive oxygen species generation, leading to superior anti-tumor efficacy compared to monotherapies. These findings suggest that this multifunctional nanoplatform can significantly enhance the therapeutic efficiency of synergistic phototherapy, presenting a promising candidate for cancer treatment.
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Desalination and Water Treatment
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2025
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IF 1
Yunlong Zhao,Hao Peng,Lei Zhang,Wanwan Fu,Man Zhang,Zhishan Chen,Longfei Li,Yutao Chen
As a new type of polymer functional material, magnetic chitosan has been widely used in wastewater treatment. In this study, magnetic chitosan microspheres (MCMs) were prepared by reversed-phase microemulsion cross-linking technology, and the adsorption capacity of MCMs to organic pollutants with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) in coking wastewater was studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), brunauer - emmett - teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were characterized. The effects of Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), pH and the amount of adsorbent on the adsorption properties of MCMs were investigated. The following conclusions are obtained: the MCMs prepared in this study are successfully encapsulated, and the MCMs have good magnetic properties; Meanwhile, the removal performance of COD is higher. When the addition amount of Fe 3 O 4 is 10 % of the mass fraction of chitosan, the maximum adsorption amount of COD by MCMs can reach 261.82 mg/g under the conditions of pH 7.5, reaction temperature 298 K and adsorption time 42 h. The adsorption kinetics can be described by a quasi-second-order kinetic model. In addition, after 4 times of adsorption-desorption processes, the adsorbent still has more than 40 % COD adsorption, and has good adsorption performance. In general, because of the high adsorption efficiency, strong regeneration and excellent magnetic separation performance, MCMs have practical application potential in sewage treatment, biomedicine and other fields.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Zhaoqian Fan,Kun Gao,Linsong Wang,Yukun Qin,Song Liu,Ronge Xing,Huahua Yu,Kecheng Li,Pengcheng Li
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) modification is a feasible way to develop novel green nematicides. This study involved the synthesis of various COS sulfonamide derivatives via hydroxylated protection and deprotection, which were then characterized using NMR, FTIR, MS, elemental analysis, XRD, and TG/DTG. In vitro experiments found that COS-alkyl sulfonamide derivatives ( S6 and S11 – S13 ) exhibited high mortality (>98 % at 1 mg/mL) against Meloidogyne incognita second-instar larvaes (J2s) among the derivatives. S6 can cause vacuole-like structures in the middle and tail regions of the nematode body and effectively inhibit egg hatching. In vivo tests have found that S6 has well control effects and low plant toxicity. Additionally, the structure-activity studies revealed that S6 with a high degree of substitution, a low molecular weight, and a sulfonyl bond on the amino group of the COS backbone exhibited increased nematicidal activity. The sulfonamide group is a potential active group for developing COS-based nematicides.
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CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Yu Yi,Qingying Chen,Ye Zhou,Jianfeng Mei,Yanlu Zhang,Bailong Wang,Guoqing Ying
This study aims to develop an excellent pharmaceutical excipient based on crosslinked hydroxyethyl chitosan (G-HECTS(GA)), designed to exhibit high intrinsic viscosity and superior moisture absorption and retention properties for wound healing applications. Hydroxyethyl chitosan (HECTS) was synthesized from chitosan through a derivatization reaction with bromoethanol under alkaline conditions, achieving a maximum solubility of 6.8 ± 0.2 g/100 g water. The HECTS was further crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to produce G-HECTS(GA). Structural characterization of the product was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Key parameters, including crosslinker dosage, reaction time, temperature, and stirring speed, were optimized to evaluate their effects on intrinsic viscosity. The physicochemical properties and wound healing efficacy of G-HECTS(GA) were systematically assessed in a rat wound model. Under optimal conditions (35°C, 25 μL GA, 18 h reaction time), the crosslinked product demonstrated an intrinsic viscosity of 1870 ± 70 mL/g, a moisture retention rate of 39% ± 3% , and a moisture absorption rate of 39.1% ± 0.7% . G-HECTS(GA) rapidly formed a stable film on wound surfaces, effectively absorbing exudates and promoting wound healing. The material exhibited excellent stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity, along with significant anti-inflammatory effects. These properties highlight the potential of G-HECTS(GA) as a high-performance pharmaceutical excipient for hemostatic spray formulations, offering a promising solution for mucosal wound repair and related biomedical applications.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 9
Lijuan Cheng,Xiaolong Xu,Yurong Jiang,Shiyu Zhang,Kai Xu,Hui Wang,Xianjuan Zhang,Runnan Zhang,Zhongyi Jiang
Surface segregation as a simple and efficient method for in situ membrane surface modification, has distinct advantages in constructing antifouling membranes. In this study, two chitosan derivatives, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC), are selected as surface modifiers to fabricate antifouling poly (ether sulfone) (PES) membrane for oil-water filtration. The addition of CMC and HACC can regulate the phase inversion process to acquire membranes with high porosity. During the phase inversion process, CMC and HACC can in situ crosslink the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) segregation agent by hydrogen bonds at the water-polymer interface, constructing a hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic modification layer on the membrane surface. Specifically, the CMC-modified membrane exhibits enhanced water permeance from 339 to 635 Lm -2 h -1 bar -1 and antifouling performance with 98% flux recovery and 7% total flux decline. Furthermore, the membrane shows satisfying long-term performance stability in industrial oily wastewater treatment with the permeance maintained above 400 Lm -2 h -1 bar -1 within 10-hour continuous filtration. The study provides a facile strategy to in situ fabrication of oil-water separation membranes with excellent antifouling performance, which displays application potential in practical oily wastewater treatment.
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Journal of Renewable Materials
·
2025
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IF 2.115
Tingqiang Yan,Xiaodong Wang,Yingjie Qiao
Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer, exhibits superior mechanical strength and processability. However, its broader adoption is hindered by inherent brittleness, low hydrophilicity, and sluggish crystallization kinetics. Chitosan (CS), a natural polysaccharide renowned for its biocompatibility and biodegradability, offers potential to address these limitations. While both materials have garnered significant attention in materials science, research on their integration via melt blending and the resulting performance enhancements for food-contact plastics remains understudied. This research comprehensively explores how different levels of CS content, from 0% to 10%, impact the characteristics of chitosan/polylactic acid (CS/PLA) composites. It specifically analyzes the influence of various CS concentrations on the mechanical attributes, crystallization behavior, thermomechanical properties, and rheological performance of these composites. The study concludes that a CS content of 4% in the CS/PLA composite results in the best overall properties. At this point, its elongation at break and impact strength reached their maximum values (16.16% and 20.63 kJ/m²), representing increases of 23.9% and 15.7% compared to pure PLA. At this particular concentration, CS is evenly distributed throughout the PLA matrix, acting as a heterogeneous nucleating agent. It facilitates the crystallization of the composite material and offers effective reinforcement. This study presents a promising approach for developing environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives to fossil-based plastics, highlighting significant research value and practical application potential.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
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IF 8.5
Qingqing Liu,Yue Tang,Mingming Xiong,Yunting Yang,Yanting Liu,Zhengping Duan,Wei Luo,Yisha Xie,Yongjun Yuan
Lipase is widely used in the food industry, but its catalytic efficiency is limited by the insufficient enzyme-substrate contact. To address this issue, chitosan-zein complex particles immobilized lipase (CZPs-lipase) and the corresponding Pickering emulsion catalytic system (PEC) were fabricated. The results showed that the incorporation of zein increased the three-phase contact angle of the particles and decreased the particle size, facilitating lipase immobilization. However, the reduced ζ-potential of the particles was unfavorable for the lipase immobilization by electrostatic adsorption. As a compromise, the maximum immobilized lipase activity was obtained at a chitosan:zein mass ratio of 1:2 (CZPs 1:2 -lipase). In addition, the PEC stabilized by CZPs-lipase had a significantly ( P < 0.05) smaller particle size than that stabilized by chitosan-lipase particles. Consequently, after 120 min of reaction, the hydrolysis rate of p-nitrophenol palmitate in the PEC stabilized by CZPs 1:2 -lipase was 1.66 and 3.67 times that of the free lipase emulsion and the free lipase biphasic catalytic system, respectively. Meanwhile, after 180 min of reaction, the hydrolysis rate of corn oil and soybean oil in the PEC reached 75.68 ± 1.85 % and 96.27 ± 2.26 %, respectively, significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than that in the free lipase emulsion. After five cycles, the relative hydrolysis rate remained at approximately 85 %. This efficient and PEC has considerable potential for applications in the food industry.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Hermela Ejegu,Mengdi Xu,Charles Kumah,Yan Qingshuai,Biruk Fentahun,Sun Yifan,Binjie Xin,Guangniao Xu,Hua Shen
Biocompatible electrospun fibrous scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) have significant potential in tissue engineering and wound healing applications. This study aimed to develop a novel scaffold by incorporating Discopodium penninervium (DP) leaf extract into chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (CH-PVA) scaffolds via electrospinning and evaluate their biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and efficacy in wound healing. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified bioactive compounds in the DP extract, including phenolic acids, phytol, linolenic acid, and gamma-sitosterol, which are known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-regenerative properties. The scaffolds exhibited a continuous, smooth, bead-free structure with fiber diameters ranging from 186 ± 24.1 nm to 236 ± 14.22 nm. Crosslinking (CL) with glutaraldehyde enhanced hydrophilicity, water absorbency, and biodegradability. Scaffolds with 2 % and 3 % DP extract demonstrated enhanced cell viability (up to 116.49 %) and improved antibacterial efficacy, with inhibition zones of 21 mm and 21.5 mm against E. coli and 21.2 mm and 21.8 mm against S. aureus , respectively, significantly outperforming the control group. In vivo studies showed accelerated wound closure (98 % within 15 days) compared to untreated controls (85 %). Enhanced angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition promoted faster healing, while modulation of IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory markers balanced inflammation and tissue regeneration. These findings demonstrate the potential of DP-loaded CH-PVA scaffolds as innovative, sustainable, and effective wound dressings. Their enhanced healing properties and antibacterial performance present a promising solution for improving healthcare outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings where affordable and accessible treatments are critically needed.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2019
·
IF 6.044
Xiaoyue Xu,Liping Sun,Li Zhou,Yanju Cheng,Feng Cao
Chitosan oligosaccharide-valylvaline-stearic acid (CSO-VV-SA) nanomicelles were designed for topical ocular drug delivery, based on peptide transporter-1 (PepT-1) active targeting. Hydrogenated castor oil-40/octoxynol-40 (HCO-40/OC-40) mixed nanomicelles were also prepared according to Cequa, just approved by FDA. Both nanomicelles produced no significant cytotoxicity and difference in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiC) and human conjunctival epithelial cells (HConEpiC). The active transport of CSO-VV-SA nanomicelles by PepT-1 was illustrated in the inhibitory test. Ex vivo fluorescence images of frozen sections indicated that the nanomicelles entered the posterior segment mainly through conjunctival route. In vivo precorneal retention study suggested dexamethasone from both nanomicelles could be detected for more than 3 h in rabbit tears. In vivo distribution evaluation of rabbits’ eyes showed the delivering efficiency of CSO-VV-SA nanomicelles was not inferior to that of HCO-40/OC-40 mixed nanomicelles. These findings indicated that CSO-VV-SA nanomicelles could become promising candidates for further clinical application.
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