Energies
·
2026
·Vol. 19
·期 11
·2528
·
IF 3.9
Lang Tang,Zhongwei Yue,Zihao Chen,Chu Chen,Haichao Yao,Bo Wang,Huihong Tang,Yi-Bing Cheng,Meiting Guo,San Ping Jiang
Chromium-forming metallic interconnectors (ICs) are generally used to assemble protonic ceramic fuel cell stacks (PCFCs). Thus, Cr poisoning is a potential threat to the performance and stability of PCFCs. The effects of Cr deposit and poisoning on the performance and stability of a typical BaCo0.8(Zr0.8Y0.2)0.2O3-δ(BCZY) air electrode after polarization with a current density of 0.2 A cm−2for 50 h are investigated. It is found that the BCZY and Cr2O3powder are able to react even at 400 °C. In addition, Cr poisoning affects the chemical stability of BCZY. The humidification of air accelerates the Cr deposition and poisoning of BCZY by promoting the surface segregation of Ba and Cr evaporation from IC, and the main phase of the surface deposit is BaCrO4. When the air humidity increases from 3% to 50%, the deposit layer depth increases from 0.949 μm to 2.870 μm. For the fuel cell exposed to air with a relative humidity of 3% and 50%, the polarization resistance (Rp) increases by 19.9% and 53.3%, while the ohmic resistance (RΩ) increases by 3.5% and 17.1%, respectively. This study lays the foundation for further design of Cr-tolerant air electrodes and the selection of working conditions.
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SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 6.9
Sitian Zhu,Zhigang Xu,Qiang Shen,Chuanbin Wang,Lianmeng Zhang
Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) electrodeposition is regarded as an environmentally benign alternative to hexavalent chromium plating, but the protective performance of Cr(III)-ZrC composite coatings can be limited by ZrC nanoparticle agglomeration and non-uniform incorporation. In this work, the nonionic surfactant Synperonic F108 (SF) was introduced for the first time into a Cr(III)-ZrC composite electrodeposition system to regulate ZrC dispersion and improve coating uniformity and corrosion resistance. SF was proposed to form a steric stabilization layer on ZrC nanoparticles, and the dispersion results were consistent with reduced agglomeration and more homogeneous incorporation into the Cr(III) matrix. At an optimal SF concentration of 0.5 g/L, the dynamic light scattering (DLS)-measured median agglomerate size of ZrC decreased from 268 to 139 nm, and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) revealed the lowest surface-potential standard deviation of 9.04 mV, indicating improved dispersion and reduced local electrochemical heterogeneity. Consequently, compared with the SF-free coating, the corrosion current density of the 0.5 g/L SF coating decreased by 90.5%, from 5.39 to 0.51 μA·cm −2 , while its charge-transfer resistance increased to 69.7 × 10 4 Ω·cm 2 . Time-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and an 80-day scratched immersion test in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution further confirmed the superior long-term protective performance of the optimized coating. The enhanced performance is consistent with reduced agglomeration-induced defects, improved microstructural uniformity, and reduced local electrochemical heterogeneity, which may contribute to limiting preferential electrolyte ingress during long-term exposure. These findings demonstrate that surfactant-mediated dispersion regulation is an effective strategy for improving Cr(III)-based composite coatings.
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Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 18
·期 13
·2930
·
IF 3.2
Xinyu Yang,Yan Mu,Lina Zhang,Dan Sun,Tiantian Jian,Weiliang Tian
In order to develop an efficient, environmentally friendly heavy metal ions adsorbent, the amino-modified expanded vermiculite-supported nano zero-valent iron (nZVI@PEI/EVMT) was prepared by using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the functional reagent and expanded vermiculite (EVMT) as the carrier. The characterization results of nZVI@PEI/EVMT confirm that the PEI modification did not destroy the crystal configuration of EVMT, and when nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) was successfully loaded onto the PEI/EVMT surface, the value of saturation magnetic field was 41.5 emu/g, which could be separated from solution with magnet. The performance of Cr(VI) adsorption onto nZVI@PEI/EVMT was studied, showing that the ideal mass ratio for nZVI@PEI/EVMT was 1:1, and the removal capacity was largest when solution pH was 2. After four adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption amounts remained 40.1 mg/g. The Cr(VI) adsorption onto nZVI@PEI/EVMT was more consistent with a pseudo-second-order kinetics equation. Isotherm adsorption data accord with the Langmuir model, which suggests that the adsorption was the monolayer, the maximum adsorption amount was 116.2 mg/g at 30 °C and pH 2, and the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. It was inferred that the adsorption mechanisms included electrostatic attraction, reduction, chemical complexation, and co-precipitation.
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PubMed
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 12.4
Jiaqi Bai,Lie Liu,Xiaoqiang An,Qingwen Tang,Huachun Lan,Huijuan Liu,Jiuhui Qu
Ionic contaminants, especially heavy metal ions, are a significant challenge for ensuring the safety and quality of drinking water. Electrosorption and membrane separation are effective technologies to remove ionic contaminants; however, the constant electricity demand and lack of selectivity limit their further application. In this study, a low-pressure membrane with an electrically tuning surface charge was developed for the selective and efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water. Poly(vinyl ferrocene) (PVF) was used to fabricate an electrically responsive interface, and an activated carbon felt (ACF) was applied as a conductive substrate. Fluorescence characterization was then used to further highlight its redox properties and the tunability of its surface charge. The activated PVF-based electro-responsive adsorptive membrane (PERAM) showed an excellent adsorption capacity and selectivity for Cr(VI) during single-pass filtration. Notably, regeneration was achieved by the application of a reversed electric potential without the need for additional chemical additives. The Cr(VI) effluent concentration was reduced to <0.05 mg/L at a high flux of 424 L/m 2 ·h, and it had a treatment capacity of greater than 5140 L/m 2 due to effective activation and regeneration. The electrostatic force changes between the PVF and Cr(VI) at different potentials was the key mechanism that allowed for the rapidly reversible adsorption-desorption of Cr(VI) according to the results of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Zhenhua Xin,Renjie Chen,Chuanjin Lin,Bin Dong,Zuxin Xu
The aggregation and separation of magnetic biochar (MBC) are the bottlenecks in its application for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aquatic media. To solve this problem, MBC and Fe(II)–sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel were combined to form SA–Fe(II)–MBC beads (SA–Fe–C), which were used for Cr(VI) removal and immobilization from aqueous solutions. SEM and XPS revealed that the 3D network structure of SA–Fe(II) hydrogel effectively prevented the aggregation of MBC. The experimental maximum Cr(VI) removal capacity of SA–Fe–C beads was 30.03 mg/g at pH 4. The spontaneous process of Cr(VI) removal by SA–Fe–C beads was best described by a pseudo-second-order model and dominated by chemical adsorption. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure extraction showed that SA–Fe–C beads exhibited excellent immobilization capacity for Cr. The mechanism whereby SA–Fe–C beads removed and immobilized Cr(VI) from solution was found to involve: (1) adsorption, (2) reduction of Cr(VI) to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) by Fe(II) and hydroxyl groups, and (3) co-precipitation of Cr(III) with Fe(II) to form chromite. In addition, the beads demonstrated excellent regeneration capability and reusability, showing promising potential for heavy metal removal from contaminated water.
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RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 49
·41351-41363
·
IF 4.6
Meijuan Kuang,Qi Qin,Yun Li,Jiayi Lian,Changjiang Yu,Hui Yu,Tiantian Peng,Zhenya Jia,Xiaomao Song,Liantong Wang
Nanoscale zero-valent iron–biochar (BC@Fe) composites were synthesised via a one-step carbothermal method, followed by sulphidation to obtain sulphided BC@Fe (S-nZVI/BC-C-X) composites. Sulphidated nanoscale zero-valent iron–biochar (S-nZVI/BC-B-X) was also prepared using a one-step sodium borohydride reduction method. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of adsorption time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, pH and background ions on the Cr(VI) removal performance of S-nZVI/BC-C-X and S-nZVI/BC-B-X. A comparative analysis of their adsorption characteristics and removal efficiencies was conducted. The adsorption mechanisms were further elucidated through kinetic and isotherm model fitting, masking experiments and characterisation of the composites before and after Cr(VI) adsorption. The findings revealed that Cr(VI) removal by S-nZVI/BC-C-5 primarily occurred via (i) reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by FeS, FeS2 and Fe0, (ii) reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by Fe2+, (iii) reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by HS− released from FeS corrosion and (iv) adsorption of Cr(VI) by S-nZVI/BC-C-5.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Bohan Zheng,Guangxu Yin,Shuang Yang,Lvping Fu,Meijie Zhang,Ao Huang,Huazhi Gu
Typically, advanced solar absorber coatings containing chromium (Cr) achieve high solar absorption efficiencies. However, large-scale applications raise concerns regarding the safety and cost due to the potential toxicity of Cr. This study develops a Cr-free (Fe x Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 Cu 0.25 ) 3 O 4 spinel coating based on tuning Fe content, which exhibits enhanced solar absorption and thermal stability. As Fe content increases, a single spinel structure is stabilized, accompanied by lattice expansion. Meanwhile, the covalent competition among cations at the tetrahedral sites in the structure is enhanced, facilitating the migration of Co and Mn ions from tetrahedral to octahedral sites. This process alters the valence distribution and lattice symmetry, leading to a reduction in oxygen vacancies (O V ) and an increase in the bandgap. Consequently, the solar absorptance was enhanced from 90.6 % to 93.2 % by decreasing Fe content in the single spinel structure, while infrared emissivity exhibits a significant increase in emissivity at 2.5–7.8 μm. After 60 thermal cycles at 750 °C, the (Fe 0.25 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 Cu 0.25 ) 3 O 4 coating exhibits improved solar absorptance (94.9 %) and reduced thermal emissivity (90.2 %), ultimately enhancing the thermal efficiency to 89.3 %. This work provides a new option for Cr-free solar absorption coatings with tailored performance in high-temperature concentrated solar power (CSP) systems.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Tuowen Chen,Jingyi Tuo,Yihao Wu,Hui Wang,Yongduo Sun,Xuefei Huang
Fe-Cr alloys were fabricated using powder metallurgy (PM) with varying additions of ZrC (0–1.5 wt%) to investigate the influence on microstructure and mechanical properties. The resulting alloys exhibited a bimodal grain structure with dispersed nano-oxides (TaO, ZrO 2 ) and carbides (ZrC). The alloy containing 1.5 wt% ZrC demonstrated the most favourable combination of properties, achieving a yield strength of 1373 MPa and an elongation of 11.9 % at room temperature, which is attributed to synergistic dispersion strengthening. At 700°C, this alloy retained a yield strength of 470 MPa, surpassing that of many oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys. Incorporating ZrC refined the microstructure, promoted phase transformations, and inhibited the formation of coarse oxides, enhancing strength and ductility.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2020
·
IF 7.216
Jinxing Yu,Xiaoxiang Xu
Cr doped Ruddlesden-Popper compound Sr 2 TiO 4 has been successfully modified by fluorine to form a new compound Sr 2 Ti 0.95 Cr 0.05 O 3 F 2 . Structure analysis suggests two types of fluorine in the structure of this new compound, i.e. intralayer and interlayer F, which induce strong built-in electric field within this layered compound. The electric field stems from uneven distribution of F atoms on the two sides of perovskite layers therefore leads to charge disproportionation . DFT calculations suggest that this unique structural feature is highly beneficial for charge dissociations as it breaks the coplanar settlement of conduction band minimum and valence band maximum whilst maintains the 2D charge transportation properties. This is clearly demonstrated by the superior photocatalytic activities of Sr 2 Ti 0.95 Cr 0.05 O 3 F 2 for hydrogen production from water. Apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) as high as 1.16% at 420 ± 20 nm has been achieved which stands as the highest AQE reported on Sr 2 TiO 4 to date. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis confirms improved charge separation conditions and prolonged charge lifetime.
研究领域:
材料化学
·
光催化
·
能源化学
·
物理化学
·
无机功能材料
·
太阳能转化
·
环境科学
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Desalination and Water Treatment
·
2024
·
IF 1
Yuming Peng,Bin Sun,Zhengyuan Feng,Nan Chen,Jianguo Wang,Minghui Lv
An effective aluminum-dolomite composite, developed with a mixture of dolomite, bentonite, sawdust, and AlCl 3 , has been used for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. Optimal mixture design method was used to determine the optimum mixture proportions by evaluating both chromium removal efficiency and mechanical strength. It was found that the optimum adsorption capacity and strength can be achieved with the proportion of 4.90 g dolomite, 3.12 g bentonite, 1.48 g sawdust, and 0.50 g AlCl 3 (10 g in total). Batch experiments were carried out using the composite revealed that 92% removal efficiency for Cr(VI) was occurred at pH 6 and room temperature (20°C). The adsorption kinetic and isotherm data well agreed with the pseudo-first-order kinetic and the Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. The co-existing anions (chloride, nitrate, and acetate) had slight negligible influence, and sulfate could significantly decrease the Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency. The aluminum- dolomite composite is a cost-effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution, especially from low-level (<50 mg/L) sulfate solution, and no secondary pollution was observed after adsorption process.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料工程
·
水处理
·
吸附技术
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PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2013
·Vol. 210
·期 6
·1098-1102
·
IF 1.469
Ping Chen,Mingsheng Qin,Haijie Chen,Chongying Yang,Yaoming Wang,Fuqiang Huang
An intermediate-band (IB) semiconductor CuGa 1− x Cr x S 2 was investigated by the self-consistent many-body GW approach (sc GW ) and further confirmed by the experimental results. The Cr dopant introduced a partially occupied IB, and the density-of-states analysis indicates the electron transfer between the impurities and host lattice would suppress the non-radiative recombination. The CuGa 1− x Cr x S 2 was synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the presence of Cr 3+ . Due to the Cr dopant, two additional absorption responses were directly observed in the UV–Vis–NIR absorption spectrum. The further photocatalytic investigations verified the IB absorptions could produce highly mobile electrons and holes to degrade dyes. This material leads to lower-energy photon absorption, which could be a promising candidate for the high-efficiency solar cells.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光伏技术
·
半导体物理
·
计算材料学
·
能源材料
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Journal of Physical Chemistry C
·
2023
·
IF 3.7
Jun Luo,Ao Wang,Lichao Jia,Dong Yan,Mei Hu,Jian Li
For the improvement of commercial catalyst 13 wt % Cr-γ-Al2O3 for the dehydrogenation of light alkanes to olefins, 13 wt % Cr-x wt % Ce-γ-Al2O3 catalysts with x equaling 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10, named as 0Ce, 2.5Ce, 5Ce, 7.5Ce, and 10Ce, are prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method, characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman, UV–vis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and temperature-programmed reduction and evaluated for ethane dehydrogenation to ethylene. Their performance increases with Ce addition to 5 wt % and then decreases and attenuates with time. 5Ce demonstrates the highest dehydrogenation activity and better regeneration ability than 0Ce. It is found that the as-prepared 5Ce contains more active amorphous Cr6+ species and less crystalline Cr3+ species (α-Cr2O3) than 0Ce, other than the Ce species of CeO2. The reasons for the better dehydrogenation and regeneration performance of 5Ce are that the CeO2 particles in 5Ce physically separate the Cr species, promoting the formation of Cr6+ species, preventing their aggregation and migration to form less active α-Cr2O3 and inactive α-(Cr, Al)2O3, and preserving more active Cr6+ species in the as-prepared and regenerated catalysts.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
石油化工
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