INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
·
IF 8.5
Jinmin Li,Yexiong Huang,Chunxin Hao,Tingyu Liu,Lei Yang,Shuaiqi Li,Mingyu Pi,Dingke Zhang
Conductive hydrogels are promising functional materials with numerous potential applications in flexible electronics. Nevertheless, developing conductive hydrogels with superior mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, and robust environmental adaptability remains a significant challenge for flexible strain sensors. Here, a metal-ion and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)-reinforced conductive hydrogel based on polyacrylamide (PAM)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) double network structure is synthesized via a facile one-pot polymerization followed by a solvent displacement strategy. Tannic acid (TA)-modified CNFs are strategically incorporated into PAM/PVA conductive hydrogel network structure, synergistically reinforced by dual metal ions (Na + /Fe 3+ ), to enhance mechanical and electrical properties simultaneously. The resulting conductive hydrogel exhibits an ultrahigh elongation at break (1440 %), a robust tensile strength (110 kPa), and a high conductivity (0.32 S/m). Furthermore, the organic solvents endow the conductive hydrogel with exceptional antifreezing and antidrying capabilities, ensuring the long-term stability under ambient conditions. In addition, the fabricated conductive hydrogel serves as a core strain-sensing element, demonstrating a good strain sensitivity with a gauge factor (GF) of 2.6 over a 0–250 % strain range, and can be used for human motion monitoring. This study presents a versatile strategy for fabricating conductive hydrogels with tunable properties for wearable electronics.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2025
·Vol. 32
·期 6
·1-11
·
IF 2.8
Han Yu,Wei Chaoquan,Wang Ting,Zeng En
The inevitable damage to paint films during coating applications significantly reduces their protective performance, leaving the underlying substrate vulnerable. Developing self-healing coatings is therefore of critical importance. This study presents the synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyurea hybrid microcapsules (MCs) loaded with isophorone diisocyanate via interfacial polymerization in an oil-in-water emulsion, with PVA serving as the emulsifier. These microcapsules were incorporated into acrylic resin, along with a dispersant, co-solvent, and isocyanate curing agent, to formulate a microencapsulated self-healing two-component waterborne polyurethane (2 K WPU) coating. The microcapsules were characterized using TG, FTIR, and SEM. The influence of PVA's polymerization degree and alcoholysis degree on microcapsule properties was systematically analyzed. Results indicate that PVA 1799 as an emulsifier yields microcapsules with minimal surface folds and smooth morphology. When 9 wt% of MC 1799 was added to the 2 K WPU coating, the resulting formulation exhibited optimal performance, achieving an average particle size of 29 μm, along with superior self-healing and anti-corrosion properties. This research offers a novel approach for developing high-performance self-healing coatings with potential industrial applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2020
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IF 6.984
Xiaoye Geng,Yu Wang,Na Han,Xingxiang Zhang,Wei Li
The aim of the paper was to enhance the mechanical properties and anti-permeability performance of microcapsules through shell modification to keep complete and stable structure during the manufacturing process. The effect of PVA adding dosage, modified methods and types of PVA on the performance of microcapsules was discussed in detail. When the PVA/MF ratio (0.04–0.25) was appropriate, the supercooling degree of microcapsules was reduced and thermal stability was improved to some extent. Furthermore, the modified method of adding PVA-1788 into microcapsules after curing probably formed the second protective encapsulation for RTPCMs , which contributed to obtaining MicroRTPCMs-2 with excellent mechanical properties and anti-permeability performance. Compared among the effects of various types of PVA modification on the performance of MicroRTPCMs, PVA with larger polymerization degree and higher alcoholysis degree can form modified resin with larger crosslinking degree, which was beneficial to generating more stable composite shell structure . Therefore, MicroRTPCMs1-2699 presented more outstanding mechanical properties and anti-permeability performance, satisfactory cycle stability and long-term reliability, as well as reversible thermochromic coloration and leakage-prevention performance. In the end, the main characteristic of RTPCMs was to in-situ observe the heat absorption, energy storage and heat release process of PCM cores, which would be great significance for the practical application of MicroRTPCMs in the fields of thermoregulated fibers, thermal energy storage textiles, heat energy transfers and energy-saving building materials .
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 13.2
Kai Xu,Shuang Yuan
Urban heat islands and the rising energy consumption of dense cities call for scalable passive cooling solutions. Conventional green roofs offer ecological and thermal benefits but are constrained by the optical and physiological limits of natural leaves. Here, we report a bionic green roof material that replicates key leaf-inspired functions while enabling effective thermal regulation through engineered optical and hygroscopic properties. The material features a TiO 2 –LiCl/PVA composite film on a reflective aluminum substrate, combining high solar reflectance, strong sky-facing emissivity, and low downward thermal emission for efficient radiative cooling. The LiCl-doped PVA film is capable of reversible moisture absorption–desorption, emulating transpiration-driven evaporative cooling without irrigation or stomatal limitation. Outdoor experiments confirm significant reductions in roof and indoor temperatures under both sunny and cloudy conditions, while simulations predict 12.7%–23.1% reductions in annual cooling energy consumption in typical hot urban climates. The bionic green roof also exhibits excellent durability and self-cleaning capability, demonstrating a robust, maintenance-free approach for climate-adaptive and energy-efficient architecture. These results highlight a scalable material-based strategy that addresses key limitations of traditional vegetated roofs by integrating radiative and evaporative cooling, offering a practical route toward low-carbon and climate-adaptive architecture.
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JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
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2026
·Vol. 33
·期 4
·140
·
IF 3.5
Wang Ziyu,Wu Ranran,He Yanyang,Hu Yufang,Wang Sui,Mao Jie
Addressing the critical challenge of balancing mechanical robustness and electrical conductivity in hydrogels for wearable sensors, this study proposes a synergistic processing strategy that integrates freeze-thaw cycling, thermal annealing, and the Hofmeister effect-induced salting. A ternary composite hydrogel was prepared with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the matrix, polyethyleneimine (PEI) to enhance crosslinking and biocompatibility, and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) to improve conductivity. The optimized freeze-thawing-annealing (100 °C, 20 min) and salting-out (1.5 M NaCl) process resulted in a densely cross-linked network featuring significantly enhanced crystallinity and a homogeneous, pore-free microstructure. This hierarchical structure confers upon the hydrogel outstanding mechanical properties: tensile strength of 4.15 MPa, toughness of 17.73 MJ/m 3 , elastic modulus of 2.84 MPa, and a high fatigue threshold of 117.4 J/m 2 . Simultaneously, the electrical conductivity of the hydrogel reached 0.449 S/m. The hydrogel demonstrated excellent strain/pressure sensing capabilities, featuring tunable gauge factors (GF = 0.87–2.12 within the 0-100% strain range) and pressure sensitivity (0.145 kPa -1 below 2 kPa). The practical applicability of the hydrogel was verified by reliably monitoring various human motions in real-time. This research offers a scalable and effective material design strategy for next-generation flexible electronics.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
·
IF 10.4
Yangyang Guo,Xingru Yan,Yujuan Zhu,Bin Li,Yinxu Zhang,Wentao Su
Bio-based nanofibers use H. pluvialis protein and amyloid fibrils as emulsifiers. • Conductivity-viscosity balance induced hollow core-shell structures at 30% oil load. • Molecular-level hydrogen bonding between the lipid core and polymer shell underpins enhanced thermal stability. • Synergistic physical and chemical protection reduced DHA oxidation products effectively. The application of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in functional foods is severely restricted by its susceptibility to oxidative degradation. To overcome this, a novel bioactive delivery vehicle was engineered using Haematococcus pluvialis protein (HPP) and glycosylated soy protein amyloid fibrils (AFS) via emulsion electrospinning. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and oxidation stability of core-shell nanofibers fabricated from spinning solution with varying oil contents (0–4%). The spinning solutions exhibited shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The incorporation of oil increased the hydrophobicity of the nanofiber films, with the water contact angle rising from 46.8° (0% oil) to 86.4° (40% oil) due to physical cross-linking. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the 30% oil content group (E 3 ) formed a distinct, uniform hollow core-shell structure, driven by the optimal balance between conductivity and viscosity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between the lipid core and the polymer shell significantly enhanced thermal stability. Crucially, accelerated oxidation tests demonstrated a synergistic protective mechanism combining the physical barrier of the nanofiber shell with the chemical antioxidant activity of HPP. After 7 days, the E 3 nanofibers exhibited the lowest accumulation of primary and secondary oxidation products (POV: 238.66 ± 2.72 mmol/kg oil; TBARS: 49.26 ± 3.91 mg/kg oil), representing a 63.6% reduction in POV and 33.3% reduction in TBARs compared to the unencapsulated control (POV: 656.07 ± 2.14 mmol/kg oil; TBARS: 73.88 ± 0.27 mg/kg oil). This study supports the potential use of amyloid-fibril-stabilized natural interfaces for the efficient preservation of functional lipids, highlighting the superior synergistic protective effect of the HPP-AFS composite system. A PVA nanofiber membrane system was constructed by electrospinning to load the aqueous solution of proteins from Haematococcus pluvialis , algae oil, and chitosan soybean protein isolate, forming an AFS. This achieved the goal of protecting food from various forms of oxidation, including lipid oxidation, in practical applications. Download: Download high-res image (136KB) Download: Download full-size image
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Fu-Rui Teng,Hao Zheng,Si-Chen Tan,Li-Ling Fu,Yue Huang,Lin Zhu,Di Wu,Ai-Dong Li
The Pd NPs@MXene/PVA hydrogel strain sensor achieves an ultra-wide strain range from 10% to 1680% with high gauge factor of 18.4. • The sensor demonstrates self-healing with 98.4% efficiency in 25 s, retains 75% of tensile strength and 89% strain capacity. • Hydrogen bonding and Pd NPs enhance mechanical performance, with tensile strength of 60.8 kPa and fracture strain of 1680%. • Sensor array integrated into smart glove enables object grasping and 0–9 gesture recognition, showing potential for human–machine interfaces. Hydrogel strain sensors are promising for electronic skin due to their flexibility and biocompatibility, yet balancing mechanical robustness, sensing performance, and self-healing remains challenging. Here, we develop an optimized Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs)-decorated MXene/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel strain sensor (Pd NPs@MXene/PVA) with enhanced multifunctionality. Mechanically, the hydrogel achieves a tensile strength of 60.8 kPa and fracture strain of 1680%, outperforming pristine PVA hydrogel (17.3 kPa, 800%) through dynamic borate ester, hydrogen bonding and Pd NP reinforcement. For sensing, it provides repeatable responses over 100%–1500% strain, with cyclic stability validated at 200%–600%. Detectable responses from 10% to 1680% were observed under monotonic loading, and the maximum GF reached 18.4 in the 1200%–1680% regime. The device responds rapidly (600–700 ms) and was evaluated over 5000 stretching–releasing cycles, with the response becoming markedly more repeatable after an initial conditioning stage. Notably, it achieves 98.4% electrical self-healing efficiency within 25 s, retaining 75% tensile strength and 89% strain capability after healing, which is attributed to the dynamic borate ester bonds between PVA chains and tetraborate ions, together with reversible hydrogen-bonding interactions among PVA, MXene, and Pd NPs. Integrated into a smart glove, the sensor array distinguishes object grasps, generates distinguishable resistance patterns for digit gestures 0–9 and achieves high-accuracy MLP-based classification of digits 1–9, validating its practicality for human-machine interfaces. This work advances hydrogel sensor design by integrating Pd NPs for optimized multifunctionality, offering a robust platform for next-generation electronic skin. Download: Download high-res image (152KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
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2026
·
IF 29.1
Jun Li,Xi Deng,Chuang Zhang,Junchao Wei,Weiwei Lan,Shengbo Sang,Weiyi Chen,Di Huang
The development of PVA hydrogels for cartilage repair is limited by the challenge of simultaneously combining high mechanical strength with high water content. To address this, a “Dual-Stage Temperature-Controlled Crystallization Quenching Method” is proposed. The approach precisely regulates crystallization kinetics, enabling meticulous control over the gel network topology. The obtained hydrogel achieves a water content of 83.41% ± 0.51%, a tensile strength of 2.68 ± 0.14 MPa, and a compressive modulus of 0.53 ± 0.02 MPa, exceeding machine learning-predicted thresholds for each property by over 300%. This performance is attributed to a uniform, isotropic network of refined crystallites, as revealed by multiscale analysis, which facilitates homogeneous stress distribution and efficient energy dissipation. Furthermore, the hydrogel possesses a low friction coefficient, biomimetic porosity, and excellent chondrocyte compatibility. This work provides an advanced cartilage repair material and establishes a novel thermodynamic paradigm for polymer gel design through crystallization kinetics regulation.
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Gels
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 9
·791
·
IF 6.4
Zixuan Zhang,Qianqian Wu,Hua Jiang
While poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based aerogels are promising porous carriers for controlled drug delivery, drying-induced pore collapse generally limits their internal pore accessibility, drug-loading capacity, and release regulation. In this study, duration-controlled tert-butanol (TBA) solvent exchange was developed as a pore-engineering strategy to regulate the structure-performance relationship of PVA/cellulose nanocrystal/Ca2+composite aerogels. This strategy focuses on balancing pore preservation, liquid-accessible pore connectivity, and network densification, instead of simply increasing the total surface area. With an optimized exchange duration, the TBA6 aerogel exhibited a well-preserved porous network. Moreover, its specific surface area and porosity increased from 33.11 to 96.02 m2·g−1and from 93.93% to 96.03%, respectively. This optimized structure enhanced salicylic acid (SA) loading, elevating the equilibrium adsorption capacity from 40.91 to 61.18 mg·g−1. Release kinetic analysis revealed that the Higuchi constant and the Korsmeyer-Peppas release constant decreased from 18.148 to 12.751 and from 25.070 to 17.283%·h−1/2, respectively, indicating a slower diffusion-regulated release process. Confocal Raman mapping further confirmed that TBA6 promoted a more homogeneous SA distribution within the aerogel matrix and enabled gradual release from the internal porous network. To sum up, controlling solvent-exchange duration is an effective strategy for tuning pore accessibility and diffusion resistance. This study provides new insight into the design of PVA-based composite aerogels for drug-loading and sustained-release applications.
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MATERIALS LETTERS
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2019
·
IF 3.019
Kaili Song,Weiming Zhu,Xiaoyan Li,Zhicheng Yu
Fabrication of multifunctional hydrogel with excellent mechanical property, self-healing and shape memory ability is still a challenging issue. In this study, a mechanical robust multifunctional hydrogel based on PVA reinforced by cellulose nanocrystal using nanofiller reinforcement strategy was reported. Owing to the hydrogen bonding and supramolecular interaction between PVA and CNC, the prepared hydrogel exhibited satisfying mechanical property. The obtained multifunctional PVA hydrogel could be potentially applied in biomedical or artificial skins fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
·
2025
·
IF 4.9
Yanan Ding,Yuru Hou,Wenjing Liu,Yijian Liu,Qiang Liu,Youli Yao,Da Chen
Hydrogel-based wearable devices have attracted tremendous interest in health monitoring, the development of more compatible, effective, and stable sensing material is one of the most daunting challenges. In this work, the poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate/carbon nanotubes (PVA/SA/CNT) composite hydrogel was prepared, with the formation of PVA/SA double crosslinking network and hydrogen bonds between CNT and PVA. The synergistic enhancement effect of SA and CNT on the PVA hydrogel has been investigated systematically, and the hydrogel with PVA:SA ratio of 9:1 and CNT concentration of 5 mg/mL exhibit optimal comprehensive performance, characterized with high stretchability (∼346 %), good elastic recovery, and anti-fatigue stability over 1000 cycles at 30 % strain. The optimal PVA/SA/CNT hydrogel was applied as the strain sensor for human motion demonstrating sensitive response not only to tiny deformations (such as facial muscle contractions and throat swallowing motions), but to large-range joint flexions (such as finger, wrist and knee), with a low detection limit even under a very slight strain of 0.4 %. Besides, compared to the commercial dry electrodes, the hydrogel skin-like electrodes achieved a significantly elevated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from 7.5 dB to 18.2 dB for the electrocardiography monitoring. The study provides new insights into structural design strategies for flexible sensing materials and wearable device.
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Soft Matter
·
2019
·Vol. 15
·期 37
·7404-7411
·
IF 3.399
Jianfei Tie,Hongchen Liu,Jingchun Lv,Bijia Wang,Zhiping Mao,Linping Zhang,Yi Zhong,Xueling Feng,Xiaofeng Sui,Hong Xu
Herein, a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)-based multi-responsive hydrogel was prepared by introducing the dynamic and reversible supramolecular complexation between polyvinyl alcohol acetoacetate (PVAA) and Fe3+ ions within 20 s at room temperature. PVAA–Fe hydrogels could be achieved by the simple mixing process of a PVAA aqueous solution with FeCl3 aqueous solution. The soluble PVAA was synthesized by the reaction of PVA with tert-butyl acetoacetate (t-BAA) via transesterification in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The chemical structure of PVAA was systematically characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The resulting hydrogel showed excellent self-healing behavior without other external stimuli. It was also demonstrated that the PVAA–Fe hydrogel exhibited multi-responsive properties, such as responsiveness to pH, redox, light irradiation and temperature. In addition, the presence of Fe3+ ions and Cl− ions in the gel imparted the PVAA–Fe hydrogel with favorable conductivity. Therefore, the strategy for the facile preparation of the hydrogel in this work could provide a benign and versatile method for achieving multi-functional soft materials for various applications such as smart devices, logic gates, and sensors.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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