Sustainable Energy & Fuels
·
2022
·Vol. 7
·期 3
·727-734
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IF 6.813
Xiaopeng Yue,Bingbing Fan,Xing Zhao,Yingying Yang,Shujie Qu,Qiang Zhang,Xin Sun,Peng Cui,Junfeng Ma,Meicheng Li
The performance of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is closely linked to the charge extraction and transfer in electron transporting layers (ETLs). To achieve a good control of the photoelectric properties of TiO2 ETLs, we introduce amino trimethylene phosphonic (ATMP) acid into the chemical bath deposition (CBD) process of TiO2 films. ATMP can effectively control the crystal growth of TiO2 particles to get an optimized ETL with preferable band energy and surface topography, which is beneficial for the energy level alignment and interface contact between the ETL and perovskite active layer. Compared to the control devices, the open circuit voltage (VOC) of PSCs with ATMP–TiO2 is increased from 1.17 V to 1.19 V, achieving a higher average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.10%. The enhanced performance of ATMP–TiO2 PSCs is attributed to suppressed defects and well-matched energy level alignment at the perovskite/ETL interface, efficiently facilitating charge carrier extraction and electron transport. This work sheds light on designing an efficient ETL by tuning the precursor solution with environmental and inexpensive modifiers toward PSCs exhibiting outstanding performances.
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MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
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2023
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IF 5.4
Jingcheng He,Qingju Liu,Yumin Zhang,Xinbo Zhao,Genlin Zhang,Bin Xiao,Kaixin Fu
C–TiO 2 microspheres were prepared in situ through microwave-assisted solvothermal method followed by low-temperature heat treatment in this study. Different carbon content doping samples were obtained through different temperatures of heat treatment. The characterization results indicate that C–TiO 2 samples are exclusively composed of anatase crystallites, and also the interstitial carbon and the surface carbonate species are confirmed existed in the samples, which could significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity under visible light. When irradiated for 60 min under 5 W visible-light, the degradation efficiency of 40 mg/l methylene blue (200 mg catalyst) and 10 mg/l methyl orange (100 mg catalyst) can reach 92.59% and 98.42%, respectively, which is significantly higher than that of commercial titania P25 (5.74% and 24.53%, respectively). In addition, the sample exhibits excellent recyclability and stability, which might be considered as a novel and facil scheme for modification of titania photodegradation driven by visible light.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Guobo Li,Shipeng Ding,Xueyan Hou,Kai Shen,Shule Zhang,Yaping Zhang
Controlling chlorobenzene (CB) and NO x emissions via catalytic oxidation and selective catalytic reduction necessitates high redox performance catalysts, and construction of active centers with multiple adsorption centers towards reactants is prerequisite for developing such catalysts. Herein, the electronic structure and active centers of the PdV/TiO 2 bimetallic catalyst were modulated by Sb modification. The neighboring antimony (Sb) promoted the charge transfer between V and Pd centers, and suppressed the adsorption of SO 2 on active sites, thus accelerating CB/NO x conversion and significantly avoiding the deposition of sulfur species on the active centers, especially the Pd species. The detailed plausible CB/NO x catalytic removal pathway (CB free → CB ads → C 6 H 5 ads + Cl ads + O species (O latt and O ads ) → C x H y O z + Cl ads + Brønsted → CO 2 + H 2 O + HCl on SbPdV/TiO 2 catalyst surface was further established. This research provided a strategy for the development of improved CB catalytic oxidation + selective catalytic reduction (CBCO + SCR) catalysts by tuning the electronic structure of active centers.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2023
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IF 6.8
Renfei Zhu,Chunlan Liu,Jingyu Wang,Li Zou,Fan Yang,Xia Chi,Jiansheng Zhu
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO 2 ) could enhance the bioavailability and toxicity of coexisting organic contaminants in the aquatic environment. This study attempted to investigate the combined effects of n-TiO 2 and difenoconazole (DIF) on the neurodevelopment of zebrafish and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to n-TiO 2 (100 μg/L), DIF (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L) and their mixtures from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and neurotoxicity was evaluated. Our results indicated that n-TiO 2 adsorbed DIF into the brain of zebrafish and significantly enhanced the bioaccumulation of DIF and n-TiO 2 in the 0.5 mg/L co-exposure group. 100 μg/L n-TiO 2 was not developmentally toxic to the zebrafish larvae, but it exacerbated DIF-induced neurobehavioral alterations in the zebrafish larvae. n-TiO 2 also aggravated DIF-induced suppression of central nervous system (CNS) neurogenesis in Tg ( HuC:egfp ) zebrafish, motor neuron axon length in Tg ( hb9:egfp ) zebrafish, and downregulation of neurodevelopmental genes ( elavl3 , ngn1 , gap43 , gfap and mbp ). In addition, DIF elevated oxidative stress by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, and triggered apoptosis by upregulation of p53 , bax , bcl-2 and caspase-3 , which were markedly intensified in the presence of n-TiO 2 . Moreover, vitamin C (VC) ameliorated n-TiO 2 /DIF-induced abnormal locomotor behaviors and neurotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, indicating that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in n-TiO 2 /DIF-induced neurotoxicity. Taken together, our data indicated that n-TiO 2 enhanced the accumulation of DIF and heightened oxidative stress and apoptosis, thereby inducing neurotoxicity. This study exemplifies the importance of the toxicity assessment of chemical mixtures and novel insights to mitigate their combined toxicity.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
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2022
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IF 5.723
Wenfei Zhang,Qulan Zhou,Na Li,Mingtao Li
The synthesis of photocatalysts with good activity and strong product selectivity is of strategic importance for photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). In this study, an improved sol-gel method was employed for the synthesis of N-doped TiO 2 , Eu-doped TiO 2 , and N, Eu co-doped TiO 2 photocatalysts. The phase structures, optical and electrical properties of the catalysts were thoroughly investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface area analysis, Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. The experimental results of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction indicated that both N and Eu doping could effectively improve the photoresponse of TiO 2 , but the synergistic effect of N and Eu made the N, Eu co-doped TiO 2 exhibit superior photocatalytic activity and product selectivity, the formation rate of methane (CH 4 ) by photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 using N-Eu/TiO 2 as the catalyst could reach 13.48 μmol·g cat −1 ·h −1 , which was about 12 times higher than that of pure TiO 2 , and the selectivity reached nearly 100%. Finally, this synergistic effect was explained using DFT calculation and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and the possible mechanism of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction over N-Eu/TiO 2 was elucidated.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 6.7
Junyi Qian,Hao Hu,Ying Liang,Zhijie Zhang
Halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have shown great promise for the photochemical conversion of CO 2 . However, the fast carrier recombination rates and inadequate adsorption/activation for CO 2 molecules have seriously restricted their practical application. Herein, an innovative step-scheme-based Cs 2 CuBr 4 /TiO 2 (CCB/TiO 2 ) photocatalyst was prepared by embedding Cs 2 CuBr 4 PQDs in a mesoporous TiO 2 matrix, which exhibits considerable potential as candidates for CO 2 photoreduction under simulated sunlight. Remarkably, the optimised CCB/TiO 2 photocatalyst delivered an impressive CO 2 reduction activity, which was 3.1 and 16.0 times higher than those achieved by pure Cs 2 CuBr 4 and TiO 2 , respectively. Furthermore, the S-scheme charge transfer mode was comprehensively corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, photo-assisted Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). On basis of theoretical calculations and in situ diffuse reflectance spectra (DRIFTS), the CCB/TiO 2 exhibited a reduced energy barrier of the rate-determining step, which facilitated the CO 2 photoreduction reaction.
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OPTICAL MATERIALS
·
2023
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IF 3.9
Xiaoyan Zhao,Yongcheng Zhou,Hua Guo,Yuqi Zhai,Xianrui Zou,Donghui Wang
Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has received widespread attention as high stability, low toxicity and costless photocatalyst , but it only exhibits photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV) light. To improve TiO 2 photocatalytic efficiency, Bio-CaCO 3 /WO 3 /TiO 2 /(Ca,Y)F 2 :Tm,Yb was prepared. TiO 2 was combined with upconversion materials, coupled with WO 3 and loaded on oyster shell powder (Bio-CaCO 3 ), which showed that the prepared photocatalyst effectively reduce the band gap of TiO 2 , expand the photoreaction range of the material and avoid agglomeration, thus improving its photocatalytic efficiency and antibacterial efficiency. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Bio-CaCO 3 /WO 3 /TiO 2 /(Ca,Y)F 2 :Tm,Yb (50 mg) was 24.32% higher than that of TiO 2 /(Ca,Y)F 2 :Tm,Yb in 90 min. And its antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) were enhanced by 38.68% and 25.89% compared to TiO 2 /(Ca,Y)F 2 :Tm,Yb, respectively.
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RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
·
2023
·Vol. 49
·期 9
·3747-3764
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IF 3.3
Wei Pingping,Gao Juan,Cai Hanyong,Zheng Lingcheng,Wang Yanfen,Li Yang,He Gang
Z-type 2D/2D C, N, S co-doped TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 (DTCN) photocatalysts possessing high catalytic activity were prepared via a simple ultrasonic recombination method. The catalysts’ microscopic morphology, crystal structure, chemical composition, and optical properties were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible tests. The photocatalytic activity was also assessed via the degradation of the organic pollutant RhB. The results showed that DTCN could achieve 85.3% degradation of the target pollutant within 60 min, which was 2.47 times (34.5%) and 1.76 times (48.5%) more than TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4 . The first-order kinetic constants of DTCN reached 0.02838, which was 4.11 and 2.66 times that of TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4 . Nonmetallic C, N, S (CNS) co-doping effectively improved sunlight utilization of TiO 2 nanosheets through the generation of impurity bands in the forbidden band area. The Z-type heterojunction formed via the coupling of g-C 3 N 4 and CNS–TiO 2 promoted the separation of photoinduced carriers and improved the charge transfer efficiency, boosting the TiO 2 photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the 2D–2D heterojunction provided a high-speed transport channel for charges. Graphical Abstract Z-type 2D–2D DTCN nanosheet heterojunctions were successfully fabricated. Nonmetallic CNS co-doped effectively improved sunlight utilization of TiO 2 nanosheets through the generating of impurity bands in the forbidden band area. Furthermore, the Z-type heterojunction formed via the coupling of g-C 3 N 4 and CNS–TiO 2 promoted the photoinduced carrier separation and improved the charge transfer efficiency, so boosting the TiO 2 photocatalytic performance.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2023
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IF 8.4
Wei Wu,Jingyu Long,Yuanjun Guo,Xiaotao Zu,Sean Li,Xia Xiang
A surface acoustic wave (SAW) H 2 S gas sensor based on CuO-TiO 2 p-n heterojunction film was designed and fabricated. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity to H 2 S due to the significant current response of CuO-TiO 2 film to H 2 S gas and the appropriate work point of SAW sensor based on CuO-TiO 2 composite film. The linearity change for sensor frequency shift is strongly associated with the location of work point when the H 2 S concentration increases from 1 to 300 ppm. In addition, the porosity of CuO-TiO 2 film is beneficial to the efficient adsorption for H 2 S, leading to the higher frequency shift of the sensor. The SAW sensor also shows good selectivity and stability to H 2 S with stable frequency shift under different humidity levels.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2023
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IF 7.2
Jiayao Chen,Yuan Gao,Wenwen Yang,Zhiwei Li,Kun Xiong
Designing highly active and durable catalysts is considered to be crucial for enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water electrolysis . Although some studies indicate that anatase TiO 2 is a promising candidate for electrolytic hydrogen evolution reaction, the influence of different crystalline phases of TiO 2 on the supported Ru catalysts for electrocatalytic HER performance is rarely systematically explored. Herein, a series of Ru/TiO 2 -X (X = R (Rutile), A (Anatase), and P25) catalysts were prepared to investigate the influence of the rutile and anatase phases of TiO 2 on the catalytic activity of Ru catalysts in HER. The findings demonstrate that the HER activity is much affected by the variation of the titania structure, when other factors are kept constant. The 15Ru/TiO 2 -R-H 2 has superior HER performance with a small overpotential of 63 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm −2 in acidic electrolyte and 99 mV in alkaline electrolyte compared to 15Ru/TiO 2 -A-H 2 and 15Ru/TiO 2 -P25-H 2 . This might be attributed to the faster electron transfer and lower Fermi level caused by the oxygen vacancy (V O ) and strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), along with the exposure of active sites afforded by the highly dispersed ruthenium nanoparticles on the rutile TiO 2 . Our results indicate that the presence of rutile TiO 2 support alone is adequate to maintain Ru in its most active form and make it a more performing catalyst, compared to anatase titania and P25.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 36
·19591-19604
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IF 11.9
Feng Long,Yuwei Chen,Haitian Chen,Xincheng Cao,Shiyu Wu,Yanju Lu,Peng Liu,Jianchun Jiang,Xiaolei Zhang,Junming Xu
Enhancing both the reactivity and stability of catalysts for the hydrogenation of bio-derived fatty acids is a formidable challenge. In this study, we developed a Ni-ReOx/TiO2 catalyst, featuring Ni metal clusters encapsulated by ReOx active sites anchored on the TiO2 surface, for the hydrogenation of bio-derived fatty acids. Remarkably, the Ni-ReOx/TiO2 catalyst with a relatively low Re loading (approximately 4.4 wt%) exhibited outstanding performance in fatty alcohol production at a reduced temperature of 165 °C (yield: 95.3%) and alkane production at 205 °C (yield: 100.0%), outperforming the Cu-ReOx/TiO2 catalyst. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveiled that the introduction of ReOx onto the anatase surface led to modifications in electronic distribution and enhanced the interaction between the support and the metal. By integrating the DFT calculations with experimental results, we elucidated the roles played by the Ni clusters and Re–O active sites in the Ni-ReOx/TiO2 catalyst: facilitating H2 dissociation, promoting acid adsorption, and ultimately contributing to acid hydrogenation conversion. The industrial-scale processes for alkane and alcohol production were designed and simulated using Aspen Plus, enabling a quantitative assessment of the remarkable reaction activity of the Ni-ReOx/P25 catalyst. Additionally, the Ni-ReOx/P25 catalyst demonstrated excellent stability over four recycling cycles, coupled with robust water tolerance, thus showcasing its immense potential for application in industrial fuel and fatty alcohol production.
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CHEMICAL PHYSICS
·
2023
·
IF 2.3
Tingting Zhang,Haoming Chen,Chunhu Tan,Luo Li,Libin Zhang,Chang Liu,Weihua Li,Changqing Yan,Jiansheng Li,Rui Lu
The interaction mechanism between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles with different shapes, surface charge and hydrophobic properties was studied using multiple spectral methods and molecular docking simulation. UV–vis spectra showed that when BSA interacted with the four TiO 2 NPs, the TiO 2 nanoparticles and BSA formed a stable ground state complex. Fluorescence spectra showed that the binding capacities of four different types of TiO 2 nanoparticles with BSA are as follows: spherical TiO 2 (s-TiO 2 ) > rod-shaped TiO 2 (r-TiO 2 ) > positively charged TiO 2 (c-TiO 2 ) > hydrophobic TiO 2 (h-TiO 2 ). The results of synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that s-TiO 2 , r-TiO 2 , and c-TiO 2 have a weak effect on the conformation of BSA, whereas h-TiO 2 has a greater effect. Molecular docking and MD simulations results show that the content of hydroxyl groups plays a key role in the binding capacity.
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