FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
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2021
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IF 1.453
Maoqiao Xiang,Jie Zheng,Shaofu Li,Chaoquan Hu,Jingyi Cui,Yingchun Zhang,Qiang Qi,Fen Yue
Lithium-based ceramic tritium breeders would attack the blanket structural materials and produce brittle corrosion layers, causing potential safety hazard. Herein, coated breeders were proposed as advanced tritium breeders to address the issue. Carbon (C), titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbide (TiC) were investigated as inert protective shells because they show excellent stability and chemical compatibility with Li 2 TiO 3 and Li 4 SiO 4 . Moreover, for the first time, the C and TiN coated Li 2 TiO 3 and Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles were successfully fabricated by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) process, which would significantly decrease the brittle corrosion layers and increase the safety. The deposition behavior and interface reactions were systemically investigated.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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2020
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IF 4.825
Jie Sun,Xianbo Yu,Shihang Zhao,Hongmei Chen,Kai Tao,Lei Han
The composition-tuned, structure-modified, and morphology-controlled nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are quite important to improve the electrochemical performances for supercapacitors. In this work, a solvent-controlled method to prepare amino-functionalized bimetal MOFs with various morphologies is proposed. Three different morphologies of NiCo-MOFs, such as nanospheres, nanosheet-assembled hollow spheres (NSHSs), and rhombus sheets, have been successfully synthesized by using different solvents. The as-prepared three nanoscale NiCo-MOFs are comparatively characterized and are endowed a possible mechanism on nucleation and crystal growth controlling morphology. When used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, all NiCo-MOFs have excellent electrochemical properties. Specifically, the NiCo-MOF NSHS owns the best specific capacitance, which can achieve 1126.7 F g–1 at the current density of 0.5 A g–1 and maintain 93% of its original capacitance at the current density of 10 A g–1 after 3000 charge–discharge cycles. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor device (NiCo-MOF NSHS//AC) assembled with NiCo-MOF NSHS as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode achieves an energy density of 20.94 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 750.84 W kg–1. This work is facile and highly reproducible and can be extended to prepare other nano-MOFs in energy storage and conversion fields. In addition, it opens up an effective approach to synthesizing amino-functionalized MOFs by a solvent-controlled method without any other changes in the experimental conditions.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2020
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IF 6.551
Yufei Zhou,Manman Xu,Dahong Huang,Lei Xu,Mingchuan Yu,Yunqing Zhu,Junfeng Niu
This work presented a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically microporous biochar (HMB) via molten alkali treatment that achieved efficient adsorption of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), which was a significant environment concern due to the global distribution and potential health risks. The systematic optimization of fabrication process rendered the HMB large surface area and uniform microporous structure, leading to a high adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of 1269 mg/g and 197 mg/(g·min), respectively, when perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was as a representative. The adsorption mechanisms were explored via controlling the interaction between PFCAs and the HMB900-2.4. Specifically, hydrophobic effect was verified by the enhanced adsorption performance with the increase of the PFCAs homologues hydrophobicity . The observed highly pH-dependent adsorption capacity additionally suggested the dominant contribution of electrostatic interaction. For long-chain PFCAs (C n F 2n+1 COOH, n > 5), the HMB900-2.4 presented a high removal efficiency (> 90%) within 30 min. Even for short-chain PFCAs (C n F 2n+1 COOH, n = 4–5), the removal efficiency reached to over 60%. The synthesized HMB900-2.4 exhibited high stability during recycling experiments and superior performance over commercial adsorbents, suggested a promise of utilizing it to remove PFCAs from wastewater.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
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IF 5.774
Qi Dong,Dongxu Yang,Liang Luo,Qiang He,Fangheng Cai,Si Cheng,Yi Chen
Chronic accumulation of fluoride (F − ) threats human health and eventually brings about skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis and joint deformation, which has aroused global attention. As an emerging technique, electrosorption presented great potential in wastewater purification. The key role in electrosorption is the exploitation of economical, environmentally-friendly and efficient electrode material. Nowadays, many existing investigations on the preparation of porous carbon material focused on the introduction of extra dopant and activation reagent. However, the information concerning the preparation of pure porous biochar and the inherent environmental significance is neglected. Here, a win–win strategy, named conversion waste biomass into porous biochar, has been applied in capacitive fluorine removal. The results indicated that the capacity of porous biochar electrode was 1.28 mg/g, which was improved by 48.8% in contrast to activated carbon electrode. Furthermore, competition experiments revealed concentration-dependence interference in the present of foreign ions. Electrosorption cycle experiment manifested excellent stability of the biochar electrodes. The electrode was regenerated without consuming any chemicals and could produce current for energy recovery. More importantly, continuous-flow experiment showed that the removal efficiency of F − was 91.98% at the synthetic wastewater. High specific capacitance, low internal resistance and appropriate pore distribution were responsible for the F − removal mechanism. Overall, this work would pioneer a facile method in the preparation of low-price electrode material and their potential applications in environmental remediation.
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APPLIED ENERGY
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2020
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IF 8.848
Qianyang Chen,Qianyuan Qiu,Xiaomin Yan,Mingyang Zhou,Yapeng Zhang,Zhijun Liu,Weizi Cai,Wei Wang,Jiang Liu
The direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell is a potential technology that efficiently and cleanly converts the chemical energy of solid carbon into electricity. Its superiority of all-solid-state configuration and unique operating mechanism indicate that it has a good application prospect in high energy density portable or backup power supplys. It can also be used to convert coal into electrical power. Here, for the first time, we report a compact direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell stack with 12 cells fabricated on a single 10 × 10 cm electrolyte plate. The plate covers a container filled with solid carbon-rich fuel to form a stack. No sealant and pipelines are needed and the carbon-rich fuel can be reloaded. Both activated carbon and sawdust of bauhinia tree branch are used as the fuel. The output power of such a stack approaches more than 10 W at 800 °C. Using 15 g of 5 wt% Fe-loaded activated carbon as the fuel, a stack discharging at a constant current of 1.5 A outputs an energy of 29 Wh, correspongding to an energy desnity of carbon of ∼2000 Wh kg −1 . This work shows the feasibility of developing direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell into a compact electricity generator using readily available carbon-rich fuels. It also shows promise of using this technology in clean and efficient conversion of coal to electricity.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 45
·期 2
·2899-2911
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IF 3.741
Guorong Wang,Zhiliang Jin,Tiansheng Zhao
Summary In this study, a series of nickel/vanadium composites were acquired via a simple in situ growth strategy with the sodium chloride as a regulator. The phase, component, and electrochemical energy storage behavior of the as-prepared electrodes were investigated. Thanks to the addition of sodium chloride for the accession of oxygen vacancy, the prepared composite electrodes show excellent supercapacitor behavior. The resultant NVC-1.8Ov electrode demonstrates a impressive specific capacitance of 9.41 F cm −2 at a current of 10 mA cm −2 , which is about 1.5 times than the NVC electrode. After 5000 charge-discharge cycles under a current of 40 mA cm −2 , the retained 75.7% of its initial capacitance indicate a good cyclic stability. In addition, the NVC-1.8Ov and activated carbon (AC) was used to assemble NVC-1.8Ov//AC asymmetric supercapacitor, which deliver a maximum energy density of 0.471 mWh cm −2 at a power density of 9.319 mW cm −2 . This work provides a new and simple strategy for the preparation of high specific capacitance of asymmetric supercapacitor positive electrode.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2020
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IF 8.758
Guilin Tang,Yan Qiao,Ling Yu,Chang Ming Li,Zhisong Lu
The textile-based flexible electronic device has attracted considerable attention due to its excellent conformability, skin affinity, and compatibility with the clothing industry. However, the machine-washing process may damage the electronic components, further resulting in the failure of the device. Herein, parafilm, a commercially available cohesive thermoplastic, is introduced as both a substrate and encapsulating material to fabricate an all-solid-state supercapacitor, which could be tightly stuck on and easily peeled off from a fabric. The supercapacitor possesses excellent capacitive behavior (73.7 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g), long cycle life (capacitance retention >90% after 5000 cycles), and great flexibility (capacitance retention >98% after 100 times of bending/twisting). After water flushing and soaking, the capacitance of the supercapacitor could be retained at about 98% of its original level. A parafilm-based piezoresistive sensor with good pressure-sensing performance has also been fabricated via the same approach to demonstrate the universality of the proposed strategy for textile re-stickable electronics. This work may not only fabricate novel flexible electronic systems for wearable applications but also provide a universal strategy to address the machine-washing issues in textile electronics.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2020
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IF 10.652
Lele Cui,Zhiwen Li,Qingqing Li,Meifei Chen,Wenheng Jing,Xuehong Gu
The development of transition metal oxide-based integrated carbonaceous materials for use as bifunctional electrodes of high stability and activity in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process is supposed to have great potential in environmental governance. Herein, Cu/CuFe 2 O 4 (CCFO) with different Cu 0 ratios were synthesized by a facile one-step solvothermal approach. These materials were subsequently used to fabricate modified graphite felt through the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-bonding technique. Importantly, with its hydrophobicity PTFE effectively inhibited metal leaching from the thus obtained cathodes and improved the oxygen utilization rate. Cathode performance in EF-based tetracycline (TC) degradation was found to increase with Cu 0 ratio. The observed increase in activity was attributed to Cu 0 enhancing the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction selectivity (i.e., H 2 O 2 production) and endowing the cathode with abundant electron-rich centers that accelerated active Fe(II) regeneration, causing rapid conversion of H 2 O 2 to hydroxyl radical ( OH). The possible TC mineralization pathway was inferred by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis, and a catalytic mechanism of the heterogeneous EF process was proposed. The most effective cathode fabricated displayed high stability even at pH 3 (0.84 ± 0.11 mg/L Fe and 1.35 ± 0.17 mg/L Cu leaching) and exhibited nearly 80% TC removal efficiency after five oxidation cycles, demonstrating its potential use in heterogeneous EF technology for efficient and durable wastewater treatment.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2020
·Vol. 8
·期 44
·23344-23353
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IF 11.301
Pengfei Zhai,Na Peng,Zeyu Sun,Wenjia Wu,Weijie Kou,Guoshi Cui,Kang Zhao,Jingtao Wang
The development of thin solid-state electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength is of great importance for the high-performance all-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery. However, the state-of-the-art solid polymer electrolyte suffers from poor ionic conductivity and a high thickness but inferior mechanical strength. Herein, a thin laminar composite solid electrolyte (LCSE), namely Vr/PEO-LCSE, is fabricated by filtrating vermiculite nanosheets, followed by intercalation of PEO–LiTFSI into the interlayer through a swelling and filtration method. The continuous interlayer channels with improved PEO chain motility and LiTFSI dissociation afford Vr/PEO-LCSE a highly enhanced ionic conductivity of 1.22 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 25 °C. Together with the low thickness (10 μm), Vr/PEO-LCSE achieves an ultralow area-specific resistance of 66 Ω cm2 at 30 °C, about 50 times lower than pure PEO. Meanwhile, the typical brick-and-mortar architecture combined with the strong rigidity of vermiculite nanosheet imparts Vr/PEO-LCSE an excellent compressive strength of 131 MPa, 550% higher than that of pure PEO. As a result, the rate performance of the assembled Li–S battery is significantly improved. The Li|Vr/PEO-LCSE|S cell achieves low capacity fading as current density increases from 0.05C to 0.20C, and the discharge capacity recovers to 1100 mA h g−1 when the current density switches back to 0.05C.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2020
·
IF 10.652
Wenjie Xue,Hongxia Liu,Baohua Mao,Honglei Liu,Minghuang Qiu,Chengguang Yang,Xinqing Chen,Yuhan Sun
Hydrogen is a promising candidate to replace the exhausting fossil fuels. However, it is still a big challenge for hydrogen storage. Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), which possesses high safety and purity, easy transport and reversibility, is highly attractive for hydrogen storage. Herein we report a new reusable bimetallic Pd-Rh nanoparticles (NPs) catalyst with synergy effect, boosting both the hydrogenation of N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) and dehydrogenation of dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole (12H-NEC), which allows multiple cycles of reversible high-weight% hydrogen storage and uptake in short reaction time. Various ex- and in-situ characterizations evidenced that the superior activity was attributed to the bimetallic Pd-Rh NPs cluster structure on the surface of γ-Al 2 O 3 support. The mechanism of NEC hydrogenation over the Pd-Rh catalyst was proposed and verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Such a strategy can be extended to other LOHCs and sheds light onto the development of LOHCs as energy vectors.
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2020
·
IF 9.13
Tianyu Gao,Hanmin Zhang,Xiaotong Xu,Jiaheng Teng
It has been reported that anaerobic osmosis membrane bioreactors have the potential for energy recovery since dissolved methane was almost rejected by commercial forward osmosis membranes. Notwithstanding, upgraded biogas has to be achieved by removing as much carbon dioxide as possible. In this study, a novel anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor-microbial electrolysis cell (AnOMBR-MEC) system was developed for simultaneous biogas upgrading and wastewater treatment. The AnOMBR-MEC elicited an excellent and stable soluble chemical oxygen demand and phosphorus removal. As the experiment progressed, unwanted carbon dioxide produced from biogas was reduced to formate using a SnO 2 nanoparticles electrocatalytic cathode in an electrocatalytic-assisted MEC, with the highest faradic efficiency of formate being 85% at 1.2V. Compared to AnOMBR, the methane content increased from 55% to 90% at the end of operation and methane yield experienced a1.6-fold increment in the AnOMBR-MEC. Microbial community analysis revealed that hydrogenotrophic methanogens (e.g. Methanobacterium and Methanobrevibacte r) converted the produced H 2 and formate to methane at saline conditions. These results have demonstrated an efficient strategy based on the integration of an electrocatalytic-assisted MEC into AnOMBR for upgrading biogas, enhancing methane yield and wastewater treatment.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2020
·Vol. 9
·期 2
·620-632
·
IF 7.059
Guorong Wang,Zhiliang Jin
The combination of large energy density and high power density is the optimized model for supercapacitors. However, due to the sluggish charge transfer and ion diffusion, cobalt-aluminium hydrotalcite (CoAl LDHs) electrode materials currently deliver barely satisfactory performance. Oxygen vacancies have been reported to have positive facilitation to the electrochemical property of the hydrotalcite-like materials. In this work, the proportion of oxygen vacancies in CoAl LDHs was increased by NaBH4 treatment, which improved the electrochemical energy storage performance of pristine CoAl LDHs, while prolonged treatment will damage the internal structure of the material and is not conducive to the improvement of electrochemical performance. Consequently, the acquired CoAl LDHs-0.5 delivers a high specific capacity of 799.2 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and maintains 81.1% capacity as the current density up to 20 A g−1, which exhibited higher performance than pristine CoAl LDHs and the most reported CoAl LDH-based materials. Besides, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated using CoAl LDHs-0.5 and commercial activated carbon (AC) as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, which exhibits a maximum energy density of 28.9 W h kg−1 at a power density of 523.5 W kg−1 and retains 73.3% of the initial capacity after 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1. This work provides an ingenious strategy and builds confidence in the further application of CoAl LDHs in electrode materials of supercapacitors.
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