JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2026
·
IF 6.7
Xinyu Yao,Bobo Yang,Lan Li,Jinfang Kong,Canyun Zhang,Fengchao Wang
Essential Role of Eu 3+ in low-lead CsPbBr 3 QD glass. • Tunable Green-to-Red Emission via Eu/Pb Ratio. • Eu 3+ induced lattice contraction and PL blue shift. • Optical temperature sensing based on dual emission. CsPbBr 3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have garnered considerable attention owing to their outstanding optical properties. However, their practical applications are hindered by poor stability and the toxicity of lead, whereas lead-free alternatives often compromise optical performance. In this study, Eu 3 + -incorporated low-lead CsPbBr 3 QDs embedded in borosilicate glass were successfully fabricated via melt quenching and heat treatment. The molar fraction of PbBr 2 in the glass system is as low as 0.0367–0.0612%, corresponding to a lead reduction of approximately 97% compared with conventional CsPbBr 3 QD glasses. We demonstrate that Eu 3+ ions are essential for the precipitation of CsPbBr 3 QDs under low-lead conditions. Meanwhile, Eu 3+ provides red emission, thereby creating dual emission centers. The green-to-red emission ratio can be finely tuned by varying the Eu/Pb ratio. In addition, Eu 3+ substitution for Pb 2+ induces lattice contraction, which causes a blue shift of the emission peak of CsPbBr 3 QDs. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the Eu0.6 Pb0.08 sample reveal that the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) increases monotonically with increasing temperature from 100 to 300 K, with maximum absolute and relative sensitivities of 3.77 × 10 −2 K −1 and 5.55 × 10 −1 K −1 , respectively. This work demonstrates the potential of low-lead perovskite QD glasses for optical temperature sensing.
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高影响因子
Microstructures
·
2026
·Vol. 6
·期 3
·N
·
IF 8.5
Zhentao Zhu,Ji Zhang,Yifei Zha,Sixuan Wang,Zhihong Luo,Huajie Luo,Li-Feng Zhu,Laijun Liu,Guangzu Zhang,Hui Liu
The development of Pb-free dielectric materials with high recoverable energy-storage density (Wrec) and efficiency (η) remains a critical challenge for cutting-edge pulsed-power technologies. Herein, we propose a rational structural and chemical design to stabilize a relaxor state with tolerance factor t = 1.0096 by coupling highly distorted ferroelectric matrix with lattice-expanded component. We can disperse the strong long-range polarization within an expanded lattice framework through incorporating BaSnO3 into Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 solid-solution with significant ferroelectric polarization, thereby achieving a synergistic optimization between the large intrinsic polarization and lattice structure. Neutron total scattering combined with Reverse Monte Carlo modeling, and atomic-resolution displacement mapping reveal Sn4+ disrupts strong long-range polarization via B-site chemical frustration, generating polar nanoclusters with intense local distortions. Concurrently, Ba2+-driven lattice expansion enhances polarization flexibility under electric fields. Notably, Bi3+-enriched nanoregions retain unit-cell polarization up to 60 μC·cm-2, confirming the coexistence of relaxor dynamics and strong local polar fluctuations. The optimized ceramic exhibits slim hysteresis loops with exceptional energy-storage performance (Wrec = 11 J·cm-3, η = 85%), and excellent charge-discharge behavior (WD = 7.0 J·cm-3 and PD = 688 MW·cm-3). This work establishes a paradigm for correlating microstructure and performance in Pb-free relaxors with high capacitive energy-storage.
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Processes
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 11
·1697
·
IF 3.4
Waqas Ahmed,Yunting Wang,Sehrish Ali,Fengyue Qin,Babar Usman,Weidong Li,Sajid Mehmood
Heavy metal pollution in water threatens ecosystems and human health, necessitating efficient, low-cost, and sustainable remediation technologies. A manganese-modified bamboo biochar (Mn-BC) was synthesized via impregnation of raw biochar in KMnO4followed by pyrolysis at 500 °C, and its adsorption ability was systematically evaluated for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) removal through batch adsorption experiments investigating the effects of solution pH (2–9), adsorbent dosage (0.1–0.9 g in 20 mL), contact time (0–50 min), initial metal concentration (20–100 mg L−1), and temperature (25–50 °C). SEM/TEM-EDS and XRD confirmed successful Mn incorporation as MnOxphases, while textural analysis showed improved porosity after modification, with the BET surface area and total pore volume increasing from 77.28 m2g−1to 123.51 m2g−1and from 0.041 cm3g−1to 0.063 cm3g−1, respectively. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated strong pH dependence, with optimum removal at pH 8 for Pb(II) (91.87%) and pH 5 for Cr(VI) (88.2%). Adsorption was rapid within the first 30 min and reached equilibrium. A pseudo-second-order (PSO) model provided the best kinetic description (R2= 0.99) with calculated qevalues of 19.98 mg g−1for Pb(II) and 19.13 mg g−1for Cr(VI). Isotherm analysis yielded Langmuir monolayer capacities of 37.24 mg g−1(Pb(II)) and 16.39 mg g−1(Cr(VI)), with Pb(II) better described by Freundlich behavior and Cr(VI) closely fitting Langmuir assumptions. Thermodynamic results indicated endothermic adsorption (ΔH° = 41.98 and 29.67 kJ mol−1for Pb(II) and Cr(VI)) and increased interfacial randomness (ΔS°), with adsorption becoming more favorable at higher temperature (maximum removal at 50 °C: 93.21% Pb(II), 87.37% Cr(VI)). Mn-BC maintained >60% efficiency after five regeneration cycles. Mechanistically, Pb(II) removal was primarily governed by ion exchange and surface complexation, whereas Cr(VI) removal involved electrostatic attraction, partial reduction to Cr(III), and subsequent complexation on oxygenated and Mn–O sites. Overall, these findings demonstrate that Mn-BC is a practical, reusable, and competitive adsorbent for the efficient removal of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) from wastewater, supporting sustainable water treatment strategies.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
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2025
·
IF 4.9
Ziwen Qin,Bo Nan,Lin Zhang
The detection of toxic heavy metal ions, such as cadmium (Cd 2 + ) and lead (Pb 2+ ), is crucially important due to their environmental persistence and severe health risks. While multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) hold potential for electrochemical sensing, their practical application is hindered by aggregation tendencies and limited analyte affinity. To address these limitations, a composite utilizing polydopamine-functionalized MWCNTs (PDA@MWCNTs) was developed. This material synergistically enhances dispersion stability and improves metal ion capture capabilities. Based on this composite, an electrochemical sensor was fabricated for simultaneous detection of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ . Sensor characterization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrated good performance, achieving high sensitivity and selectivity. Low detection limits of 0.21 nM for Cd 2+ and 0.13 nM for Pb 2+ were attained, enabling reliable simultaneous quantification. The electrochemical sensor’s practical utility was validated through accurate measurements in lake water sample and complex herbal medicine matrices, highlighting its applicability for environmental monitoring and food safety. This platform offers distinct advantages including simple fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and sub-nanomolar sensitivity necessary for regulatory compliance.
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高影响因子
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
·
2026
·Vol. 237
·期 8
·496
·
IF 3.5
Tang Chuiyun,Yao Jun,Liu Xingyu,Lv Ying,Liu Jianli,Masakorala K.
Blast furnace slag (BFS) is an industrial by-product that generates large volumes of waste and poses potential environmental risks, necessitating its safe utilization. In this study, iron (hydr)oxide modified blast furnace slag (FBFS) was prepared by loading iron (hydro)oxides onto BFS for the remediate of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solutions and soil. This adsorbent not only provides a novel approach for valorizing BFS but also prevents the agglomeration of iron (hydr)oxide particles, resulting in more surface functional groups (such as Fe–O and –OH) and an increased specific surface area. The results showed that the adsorption process of Pb fit the PSO and Langmuir models, and that of Cd followed the Elovich and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb and Cd by FBFS2 and FBFS6 in single-component system were 352.93, 395.15, and 112.34, 119.04 mg·g −1 , respectively. In binary system, Pb exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on Cd adsorption. The underlying mechanisms, including ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and flocculation. In addition, FBFS significantly reduced the bioavailability of Pb, Cd and Zn in the soil, decreased by 20.03%, 45.86% and 58.75%, respectively. This study suggests that FBFS is a promising candidate for the simultaneous remediation of heavy metals in both aqueous solution and contained soil.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·121008
·
IF 7.2
Bihe Chen,Ruoshan Yang,Mengyang Li,Yajing Niu,Jinyao Hu,Yingying Wang,Wenzhi Tang,Jingbo Zhou,Zhonghong Li
The threat of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water demands advanced adsorbents. While metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated great potential for heavy metal ions adsorption, their microporous nature and powdery form limit practicality. Thus, we engineered a sodium alginate composite aerogel bead loaded with salicylic acid-modified defective NH 2 -MIL-125, for the efficient removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. By adjusting the solvent volume ratio to regulate the crystal morphology and introducing salicylic acid as a fragmented ligand to compete with NH 2 -BDC to coordinate with Ti-oxo clusters, a defective Ti-MOFs with mesoporous structure (pore size increased from 2.30 to 8.93 nm) and abundant active sites was successfully developed. Further integration with sodium alginate formed millimeter-scale aerogel beads, improving the reusability and enhancing adsorption performance: the maximum adsorption capacities of 428.01 mg g −1 for Pb(II) and 179.67 mg g −1 for Cd(II), respectively. The adsorption process, described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Sips isotherm models, is driven by multilayer chemical adsorption via electrostatic attraction, ion exchange and coordination reactions with −COOH, −NH 2 and −OH groups. The beads also exhibit excellent selectivity and reusability, maintaining high efficiency of ∼97 % for Pb(II) over 5 cycles. This work provides a promising strategy for designing high-performance and recyclable adsorbents for adsorbing heavy metal ions from water.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 7.65
Yanji Jiang,Xianqiang Yin,Duo Guan,Tao Jing,Huimin Sun,Nong Wang,Jing Bai
It is essential to investigate the role of the surface oxygen content of graphene oxide (GO) in transport processes. In this study, GO was prepared using flake graphite with different radiation doses. The effects of the flow rate and ionic strength (IS) on the migration and co-transport of GO and Pb(II) ions were investigated via laboratory packed-column experiments. The experimental results showed that the mobility of GO in saturated porous media decreased with increasing flow rate. Further, the mobility of GO with a radiation dose of 18 kGy was lower than that of GOs with other radiation doses for an IS below 0.01 M. Regarding the co-transport of irradiated GO and Pb(II) in porous media, the greater the radiation dose, the stronger was the ability of GO to promote Pb(II) transport. The surface oxygen content promoted the ability of GO to remove Pb(II). However, radiation doses exceeding a certain range inhibited the release of Pb(II). The transport of GO in saturated porous media was successfully simulated with the advection–dispersion–reaction (ADR) equation. This study is expected to provide a new perspective on the potential risks of GO due to surface changes during its transport in the environment.
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SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2017
·
IF 4.784
Fei Wu,Linna Zhu
In this work, lead chloride (PbCl 2 ) and lead acetate trihydrate (Pb(Ac) 2 ·3H 2 O) mixed precursors are introduced to prepare perovskite films. PbCl 2 has been reported to enhance crystallinity but long annealing time is required. Pb(Ac) 2 ·3H 2 O is used because it is cheap and easy to get, and lead acetate offers fast crystallization process , meanwhile the trihydrate might improve the film stability. With an optimal blending ratio of the two precursors (1:1 mol ratio), compact and full-coverage perovskite film with large grain sizes (>1 µm) are obtained, and the speed of perovskite film formation is greatly accelerated. Moreover, the film prepared in a 1:1 mol ratio of the two precursors exhibits good moisture liability for several days under around 70% RH environment. As a result, the PbCl 2 : Pb(Ac) 2 ·3H 2 O (1:1) results in the highest efficiency of 14.77%. The findings in this work provide a facile way to improve the perovskite film quality and stability.
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高影响因子
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2016
·Vol. 75
·期 5
·1051-1058
·
IF 1.064
Jia Qiujin,Zhang Wanting,Li Dongping,Liu Yulong,Che Yuju,Ma Qinglin,Meng Fanjun
Hydrazinolyzed cellulose-graft-polymethyl acrylate (Cell-g-PMA-HZ), an efficient adsorbent for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution, has been prepared by ceric salt-initiated graft polymerization of methyl acrylate from microcrystalline cellulose surface and subsequent hydrazinolysis. The influences of initial pH, contact time, and temperature on adsorption capacity of Cell-g-PMA-HZ as well as adsorption equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic properties were examined in detail. As for Cd(II) adsorption, kinetic adsorption can be explained by pseudo-second-order, while adsorption isotherm fits well with Langmuir isotherm model, from which maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity can be derived as 235.85 mg g −1 at 28 °C. Further thermodynamic investigation indicated that adsorption of Cd(II) by adsorbent Cell-g-PMA-HZ is endothermic and spontaneous under studied conditions. On the other hand, isotherm of Pb(II) adsorption fits well with Freundlich isotherm model and is more likely to be a physical-adsorption-dominated process. Consecutive adsorption–desorption experiments showed that Cell-g-PMA-HZ is reusable with satisfactory adsorption capacity.
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高影响因子
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 3.5
Hyeong Gu Kang,Han Cheol Yang,Bartosz Mindur,Tomasz Szumlak,Yong Kyun Kim
Plastic scintillators inherently suffer from the limitation of low gamma-ray counting efficiency due to their low atomic number (Z). To address this, this study explored the incorporation of lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO 3 ) 2 ), a high-Z material, into a photocurable resin. The Pb(NO 3 ) 2 -loaded plastic scintillators were fabricated using Digital Light Processing (DLP) type 3D printing, wherein dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was employed as a co-solvent to ensure uniform dispersion of the Pb(NO 3 ) 2 within the polymer matrix. This uniform dispersion was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis of the scintillator's cutting surface. The evaluation of scintillation properties showed that the scintillator loaded with 5 wt% of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 exhibited a gamma-ray counting efficiency for a 137 Cs source that was 1.64 times higher than that of the commercial plastic scintillator, BC408. Although the optical transmittance decreased due to the addition of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 and DMSO, the 5 wt% Pb(NO 3 ) 2 sample maintained a relative light output of 55.51% compared to BC408. Additionally, the fast timing characteristics were preserved, with the loaded scintillators exhibiting a decay time of 3.23–3.41 ns, nearly identical to that of the unloaded sample.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Haoqi Liang,Yutong Yang,Yijia Wang,Zejun Deng
Escalating aquatic contamination by toxic heavy metal ions (HMIs) urgently requires field-deployable electrochemical sensors surpassing traditional methods. This work proposed a controllable synthesis of cobalt-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon/carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (Co@NC/CMWCNTs) composites through in situ growth of ZIF-67 on CMWCNTs, followed by optimized carbonization. CMWCNTs-directed morphological evolution was systematically demonstrated, revealing that with increasing CMWCNT ratios, the ZIF-67 crystallite size underwent an initial increase and later decay, and after carbonization, a unique knot-like interpenetrating architecture was formed with CMWCNTs as bridges and Co@NC as nodes. This synergistic structure significantly enhanced electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic activity, as evidenced by electrochemical characterization. Compared to the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the Co@NC/CMWCNTs/GCE sensor exhibited a 12-fold reduction in charge transfer resistance (28.3 Ω vs. 346.8 Ω), a 21% larger electroactive surface area, and rapid heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics of 3.8 × 10⁻³ cm s -1 . The composite sensor allowed simultaneous detection of Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ in 0.1 M NaAc-HAc buffer (pH 4.5) with high sensitivities (169.7, 199.0, 135.9 and 108.0 μA·μM⁻¹ cm -2 ), low detection limits (40.0, 40.5, 87.5 and 106.2 nM) and observed cross-interference within 10%. This work establishes a materials design paradigm for MOF-derived electrochemical sensors for low-cost on-site environmental monitoring of HMIs.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Yaoyao Zhang,Kangze Yuan,Luca Magagnin,Xishe Wu,Zhenyi Jiang,Wei Wang
Schiff base silica aerogels (SCA-X) were synthesized using amino-containing organosilanes and salicylic aldehyde as functional monomers with ethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis condensation as carrier. The influence of SCA-X on the adsorption of Pb (II) and Cu (II) under different adsorption conditions was evaluated, including the effect of solution pH, isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism. The batch adsorption experiments showed that SCA2 had the optimum adsorption capacity for Pb (II) (357.1 mg/g) and Cu (II) (243.9 mg/g), leading to adsorption equilibrium within 120 min and 360 min, respectively. After six adsorption–desorption cycles, SCA2 still possessed satisfactory adsorption for Pb (II) and Cu (II), demonstrating the reusability of the SCA2 adsorbent material. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process could be described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, adsorption isotherms were in accordance with the Langmuir model, indicative of monomolecular layer adsorption. Thermodynamics evaluation revealed the nature of the adsorption process was an endothermic spontaneous process. XPS analysis combined with DFT calculations confirmed that the interaction mechanism between SCA2 and Pb (II) occurred through the coordination between the nitrogen atom donor in the Schiff base and the oxygen atom donor in the benzene ring, while the interaction between SCA2 and Cu (II) occurred mainly through the coordination between the nitrogen atom in the Schiff base and Cu (II). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was introduced to analyze the environmental impact of the SCA2 fabrication process and eco-friendly approaches were provided, which eventually provided theoretical evidence for the application of as-prepared material in the handling of heavy metal effluents.
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