POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
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2023
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IF 5.9
Zheng Li,Zuodong Qin,Chunxuan Li,Guimei Zhang,Aozheng Zhang,Sisi Li,Guoqi Liang,Xin Wang,Wufei Tang
Nano calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) was successfully treated by tetrabutyl titanate sol together with nickel hydroxide, followed by calcination to form a new kind of flame retardant (Ni-TiO 2 @CaCO 3 ). After study of the Ni-TiO 2 @CaCO 3 structure, it was then introduced into epoxy resin (EP) to improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability. The results shown that NiO and TiO 2 were supported on the surface of the CaCO 3 , and 5 wt% CaCO 3 could enhance the flame retardancy and Ni-TiO 2 @CaCO 3 further increased the flame retardancy of the EP composites. In the cone calorimeter test (CCT), the values of the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and smoke production rate (pSPR) were reduced to 769 kW/m 2 and 0.32 m 2 /s by CaCO 3 from 1101 kW/m 2 and 0.39 m 2 /s of the raw EP respectively. Moreover, pHRR and pSPR values were further decreased to 511 kW/m 2 and 0.25 m 2 /s by Ni-TiO 2 @CaCO 3 respectively. Although the degradation temperature values were lower than that of the control EP, the temperature values at 5 and 50% mass loss for Ni-TiO 2 @CaCO 3 /EP composites were improved compared to the EP. In addition, the char residues value of the Ni-TiO 2 @CaCO 3 / EP composite (23.5%) was obviously improved compared to that of the EP (13.0%) and CaCO 3 / EP composite (16.4%). In addition, the flame retardancy mechanism of the Ni-TiO 2 @CaCO 3 / EP composite was thoroughly analyzed by TGA-FTIR, FITR and Raman methods. This work provides a promising evaluation strategy for utilizing CaCO 3 and its derivatives for possible treatment of EP to enhance its flame retardancy and thermal stability.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 8.6
Caimei Lu,Rongrong Song,Junhui Wang,Kun Liu,Tian Fu,Rui Tang,Luying Jiang,Zhangfa Tong,Hanbing Zhang
Effective removal of hazardous and low biodegradable benzophenone-3 (BP-3) has been a challenging problem. In this study, a new Vis/TiO 2 /PDS/Cu 2+ system was constructed to evaluate the catalytic performance of BP-3 during the co-induced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process by Cu 2+ , PDS and TiO 2 . Under visible light irradiation, trace Cu 2+ efficiently triggering LMCT process from PDS to TiO 2 via Cu–O bridging effect was firstly reported. In this LMCT-mediated photocatalysis process, Cu 2+ was not only involved in the formation of visible-light responsive TiO 2 -Cu-PDS complexes but also inhibited the back electron transfer and promoted PDS activation by accelerating the electron transfer from the conductive band (CB) of TiO 2 to PDS via Cu 2+ /Cu + cycle. Compared with BP–3 removal in Cu 2+ /PDS system (18%) and Vis/TiO 2 system (48%), that in Vis/TiO 2 /Cu 2+ system (58%) and Vis/TiO 2 /PDS system (54%) exhibited a slight improvement. It was worth noting that BP-3 removal in Vis/Cu 2+ /TiO 2 /PDS system reached 91% within 30 min and the corresponding TOC removal was up to 76% in 120 min, which proved that the significantly enhancement of BP-3 degradation in Vis/Cu 2+ /TiO 2 /PDS system. Meanwhile, this system could maintain efficient catalytic performance in a wide pH range from 3 to 8. The formation of an interfacial charge transfer complex of Cu-PDS on TiO 2 , and the boosted generation of O 2 – , SO 4 − and HO radicals over the Vis/Cu 2+ /TiO 2 /PDS system were confirmed. Notably, visible light excited Cu-PDS complexes to distribute electrons to TiO 2 (CB) via Cu–O bridge action, thereby inducing the enhanced visible-light activity of TiO 2 and achieving superior catalytic performance for various pollutants in Vis/Cu 2+ /TiO 2 /PDS system. Furthermore, enhanced activation mechanisms of TiO 2 and PDS by visible-light induced LMCT process were proposed in detail. Hydroxylation, demethylation and ring-opening dominated BP-3 degradation, and the weakened toxicity of BP-3 in Vis/TiO 2 /PDS/Cu 2+ system was confirmed via the distinct increase of E.coli colonies numbers at the introduction of intermediates. This study offers new insights into LMCT activation approach and broadens the understanding of the ability of Cu 2+ to be applied in photo-activated persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes for environmental remediation.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
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IF 16.744
Yunning Chen,Renquan Guan,Xueying Cheng,Jie Zhao,Zhengkai Wu,Yan Wang,Qingkun Shang,Yingnan Sun
In this paper, two surface oxygen vacancy-rich TiO 2 composite photocatalysts were successfully constructed by solid thermal reduction ((R-Vo)TiO 2 ) and bimetallic doping (Nd-Fe-(D-Vo)TiO 2 ). The oxygen vacancies were characterized in detail using XPS, Raman, EPR and STEM. The results show that the excellent photocatalytic performance of Nd-Fe-(D-Vo)TiO 2 deriving from its doping energy and surface oxygen vacancies. Nd-Fe-(D-Vo)TiO 2 could degrade 58 % of phenol within 120 min, which was much greater than 15 % of TiO 2 and 27 % of (R-Vo)TiO 2 . Three composite photocatalysts, TiO 2 @EA, (R-Vo)TiO 2 @EA and Nd-Fe-(D-Vo) TiO 2 @EA, with better visible light absorption and photocatalytic performance were further obtained by bonding ellagic acid (EA) to the surface of TiO 2 . Nd-Fe-(D-Vo)TiO 2 @EA could almost completely degrade ethinyl estradiol within 20 min with a high minimization degree of 84 %. The possible sites of ethinyl estradiol attacked by free radicals were predicted by theoretical calculation combining with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, and the possible degradation mechanism was proposed.
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Nanotechnology Reviews
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 1
·
IF 7.4
Ruhumuriza Jonathan,Shafiq Ur Rehman,Feng Cao,Hui Xu,Xuejuan Ma,Junwei Wang,Yifan Liu,Yinghua Niu,Xian Jian,Nasir Mahmood
Developing high-efficiency and low-cost visible light photocatalyst is a great challenge for degrading both air and liquid pollutants. Herein, we developed a large-scale preparation of ultrafine TiO 2 @C hybrid visible light photocatalyst for high-performance degradation of formaldehyde and methyl orange (MO) at low cost using the ultra-low temperature (<200°C) air calcination method. The as-designed TiO 2 @C hybrids are at the scale range of 2–5 nm and modified by ultrafine carbon layers enabling the strong physical adsorption and narrowing the corresponding band gap. Specifically, the photocatalytic performance of TiO 2 @C hybrids for formaldehyde and MO degradation was investigated both in the air and liquid pollutant. After optimization, the TiO 2 @C hybrid obtained at 175°C possesses relatively better photocatalytic degradation performance than other parallel control composites under visible light irradiation. The enhanced photodegradation ability of TiO 2 @C-175°C hybrid with visible light response attributes to novel hybrid structure with rich defect active sites and narrow band gap (2.51 eV), favoring dual functions of physical adsorption and chemical degradation. This ultra-low temperature air calcination approach can open a low-cost and scalable pathway to design TiO 2 @C hybrids for green environment.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Xiang Li,Xueqian Wang,Li Yuan,Langlang Wang,Yixing Ma,You Wu,Yibing Xie,Rui Cao,Yiran Xiong,Ping Ning
The lengthy processes and cumbersome operations for the separate removal of COS and H 2 S have severely limited the development of blast furnace gas recycling process. CuO exhibits excellent H 2 S oxidation performance, but weak COS hydrolysis performance; in contrast, ZrO 2 shows the opposite trend. However, the functional combination of CuO and ZrO 2 has never been used for simultaneous removal of COS and H 2 S. In this study, a Cu/Zr co-doped K@TiO 2 bifunctional catalyst was tailored to simultaneously remove COS and H 2 S. The combined COS and H 2 S capacity of this catalyst reaches 340.5 mg/g at a low temperature of 60 °C, which is much higher than those of other reported bifunctional catalysts. The microcrystal structure formed by Cu/Zr co-doping increases the specific surface area of the catalyst and promotes the adsorption of COS/H 2 S. Specifically, Zr doping increases the content of moderate basic sites and significantly improves the hydrolysis efficiency of COS. Moreover, Cu doping induces lattice distortion of TiO 2 , while CuO captures 4 s valence electrons of K to form Cu 2 O. These two processes lead to the release of lattice oxygen from TiO 2 and CuO, generating oxygen vacancies and ·O 2 − , which promotes H 2 S oxidation. By proposing a simple route for the bifunctionalization of a desulfurization catalyst, this study drives innovation in both the theory and application of simultaneous removal of COS and H 2 S.
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REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2023
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IF 5.1
Zhengyue Li,Xiuying Sun,Xiuqiong Chen,Hongcai Wang,Dongze Li,Ting Shang,Linxin Qi,Huiqiong Yan,Qiang Lin
To enhance the applicability of alginate hydrogel in tissue engineering, we attempted to fabricate oxidized sodium alginate/polyacrylamide-gelatin (OSA/PAM-GT) composite hydrogels by interpenetrating network approach with the hydroxyapatite/D-glucono-δ-lactone (HAP/GDL) as the endogenous ionic cross-linking agent for oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and N , N ′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) as the chemical cross-linking agent for polyacrylamide (PAM), followed by their surface coverage with gelatin. Then TiO 2 nanoparticles as the reinforcing agent were added to the OSA/PAM-GT hydrogel matrix to construct organic/inorganic hybrid OSA/TiO 2 /PAM-GT composite hydrogels. In particular, the effects of the amount of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the microscopic morphology, mechanical properties , swellability, biodegradability , bio-mineralization and biocompatibility of the composite hydrogels were studied. Experimental results indicated that the addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles into the matrix of OSA/TiO 2 /PAM-GT composite hydrogels could effectively regulate the porosity, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro biodegradability and bio-mineralization of OSA/TiO 2 /PAM-GT composite. Moreo v er, OSA/TiO 2 /PAM-GT composite hydrogels had the best biocompatibility when the content of TiO 2 nanoparticles was 0.5% ( w / v ), indicating that an appropriate amount of TiO 2 nanoparticles could effectively promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Consequently, the combined method of the interpenetrating network technology, the incorporation of TiO 2 nanoparticles with the surface coverage of gelatin could overcome the defects of alginate hydrogels to some extent, making OSA/TiO 2 /PAM-GT composite hydrogels suitable for tissue engineering applications.
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CARBON
·
2022
·
IF 11.307
Jianqiao Liu,Kai Yan,Jingdong Zhang
As an advanced oxidation technology, photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) has been widely explored to degrade refractory contaminants in the environment. Meanwhile, enzymatic biodegradation provides an effective approach to removal of organic pollutants under mild conditions. Herein, we developed a biophotoelectrocatalytic system to remove bisphenol A (BPA) based on the combination of PEC and enzymatic biodegradation. We utilized carbon fiber cloth (CFC) as substrate to construct a dual-photoelectrode biophotoelectrocatalytic system based on three dimensional (3D) nanostructured TiO 2 photoanode with oxygen vacancy defects (Ov-TiO 2 /CFC) and enzyme-coupled CuO/g-C 3 N 4 /CFC photocathode. The excellent PEC performance of Ov-TiO 2 /CFC photoanode significantly promoted the formation of reactive radicals for the degradation reaction, ascribed to efficient separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. The proposed system displayed good synergistic effect between PEC and enzymatic catalysis for BPA removal, with more than 99% degradation efficiency after 90-min treatment. This work demonstrates CFC as a useful substrate material for constructing highly efficient biophotoelectrocatalytic degradation system for organic pollutant removal.
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COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2022
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IF 9.879
Huasong Xu,Congzhen Xie,Bin Gou,Rui Wang,Jiangang Zhou,Licheng Li
Field-grading polymer nanocomposites have drawn significant attention in high voltage electrical industries due to their excellent nonlinear conductive or dielectric properties . But composites with both nonlinear properties are rarely reported, and desirable nonlinear performance associated with excess fillers in the composite is at the expense of electric breakdown strength . In this work, BaTiO 3 nanoparticles were decorated successively using double-shell layers of TiO 2 and polydopamine, which are developed as novel nanofillers (BT@TiO 2 @PDA) for field-grading applications. Subsequently, BNNSs were prepared by liquid phase exfoliation, serving as the inhibitor of breakdown phase growth in the composites. Finally, novel epoxy nanocomposites (EP/BT@TiO 2 @PDA-OB) with BT@TiO 2 @PDA and oriented BNNSs were fabricated by a simple hot-pressing method. Results show that the hierarchically designed nanoparticles can make the composites possess not only nonlinear dielectric properties due to high ε r of BT and improved interfacial polarization , but also nonlinear conductive properties resulted from the organic semiconductor PDA shell. Nonlinear effective medium theory (EMT) was utilized to explain the nonlinear dielectric properties, and the hopping transport model considering Pool-Frenkel effect was applied to explain the nonlinear conductive properties. In addition, electric breakdown tests reveal that EP/BT@TiO 2 @PDA-OB has significantly enhanced breakdown strength (45.7 kV/mm) as compared to that of pristine epoxy resin (29.4 kV/mm) and EP/BT@TiO 2 @PDA-RB (randomly dispersed BNNSs, 36.2 kV/mm). It is expected that these results can open new avenues for the design of novel composites with both nonlinear conductive properties and dielectric properties as well as high breakdown strength.
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COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2022
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IF 11.322
Kedi Cai,Tan Wang,Zhenhua Wang,Jiajun Wang,Lan Li,Chuangang Yao,Xiaoshi Lang
Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered to be promising next-generation rechargeable system. However, the shuttle effect for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and slow sulfur reaction kinetics due to multistep phase transitions severely limit the practical application of Li–S batteries. Herein, via dual-strategy of heterogeneous interface and defect engineering, a cocklebur-like sulfur host with the TiO 2 -VO x heterostructure (CTVHs) for long-life Li–S batteries is fabricated, and atomic-level clarification of the chemical interaction between the substrate and LiPSs from a theoretical viewpoint is achieved. Benefiting from the heterostructure, the high adsorption energy heterojunction interface works as capturing centers to trap LiPSs which ensures rapid diffusion to VO x . In addition, the defect-rich spiny VO x is endowed with high catalytic activity towards LiPSs and fast lithium-ion migration so as to effectively implement one-step adsorption diffusion transformation. DFT calculations show that the introduction of a heterostructure can change the electronic structure, thereby improving the adsorption capacity of CTVHs. Electrochemical measurements reveal favorable kinetics for Li 2 S deposition, better cyclability, and an outstanding discharge capacity. The CTVHs/S cathode delivers a slow capacity decay rate of 0.029% per cycle and achieves nearly 100% coulombic efficiency (CE) at 0.5 C over 1400 cycles. This proposed strategy provides broad prospects to promote the adsorption-conversion of LiPSs for long-life Li–S batteries.
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RSC Advances
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 31
·20206-20216
·
IF 4.036
Jingjing Sun,Lang Deng,Jing Sun,Tingting Shen,Xikui Wang,Rusong Zhao,Yiyao Zhang,Baolin Wang
This study aimed to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers and improve the redox performance of graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by synthesizing a double-heterojunction-structure photocatalyst, g-C3N4/(101)-(001)-TiO2, through the solvothermal method. The photocatalyst comprised a Z-system formed from g-C3N4 and the (101) plane of TiO2, as well as a surface heterojunction formed from the (101) and (001) planes of TiO2. The results showed that g-C3N4/(101)-(001)-TiO2 had strong photocatalytic activity and stable performance in the photodegradation of paracetamol. The active species ·O2− and ·OH were found to play important roles in the photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol through a radical-quenching experiment. The charge-transfer mechanism was also described in detail. Overall, this work provided a new strategy for the Z-system heterojunction and opened up the application of this structure in the degradation of organic pollutants.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 5.436
Pengchao Qiao,Ao Zhang,Rui Sun,Wei Wang
This work presents a simple P123-based quaternary templating system using titanyl sulfate (TS) as the TiO2 precursor and self-contained sulfuric acid as the catalyst (TS/TEOS/P123/H2O). A unique structural configuration of SBA-15-type mesopore frameworks embedded with high-content TiO2 nanoparticles can be directly obtained. Even with a high TiO2 content (29.1 wt %), well-defined mesostructures free of pore blocking can be secured. A new structural formation mechanism is unveiled: a self-assembly process between inorganic species and P123 micelles yields ordered mesostructures catalyzed by self-contained TS in the low-temperature step, while sol–gel reaction and crystallization of TS coincide with processes of mesostructural re-organization and partial evacuation of P123 from mesopores. The incorporation of high-content TiO2 nanoparticles into mesopore frameworks mainly happens during the hydrothermal treatment step. Not surprisingly, thanks to well-defined mesostructures containing high-content accessible TiO2 nanoparticles, such TiO2/SBA-15 composites show high activity and good reusability in photodegrading Rhodamine B and humic acids and photoreducing highly toxic Cr6+ in water under UV irradiation.
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ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
·
2022
·
IF 5.395
Huakai Chen,Jinglin Zhang,Fengjuan Yang,Tongyao Lin,Jingxian Zhang,Xiang Cai,Peng Zhang,Shaozao Tan
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are extensively applied in dental and orthopedic implants due to their characteristics of good mechanical property and corrosion resistance. However, Ti and its alloys suffer from the absence of certain biological activity and antibacterial ability. Herein, we synthesized a titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorod array on the surface of a Ti plate, and the obtained TiO2 nanorod array was further modified by Cu ions through ion implantation technology in an attempt to endow medical Ti with an antibacterial ability and maintain a normal biological function synchronously. The antibacterial ability of the TiO2 nanorod array with the incorporation of Cu ions was vastly improved compared with those of the unmodified TiO2 nanorod array and pure Ti. In particular, owing to the synergy between the chemical damage of the released Cu2+ to the cell and the mechanical cracking of the TiO2 nanorod array, the antibacterial rate of the TiO2 nanorod array modified by Cu ions against Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus could reach 99%. In addition, no cytotoxicity was detected in such prepared coating during the CCK-8 assay. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the sample was significantly better than that of pure Ti. Overall, we demonstrated that the application of ion implantation technology could open up a promising pathway to design and develop further antibacterial material for the biomedical domain.
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