Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Taotao Cai,Ying Zhang,Shili Zheng,Peiyi Yan,Yi Zhang
Titanium is a highly valued material. Developing a lower-cost titanium (Ti) metal powder production process, potentially substituting the conventional Kroll-HDH method, has challenged the titanium community for decades. The ease of aluminum forming alloys with titanium and the strong chemical affinity of titanium to oxygen rule out the possibility of fabricating pure Ti metal directly by aluminum reduction of TiO 2 . Based on the demonstrated enhanced deoxidation of Ti using Mg metal, this paper proposes an Al–Mg combined stepwise reduction of TiO 2 to fabricate Ti metal powder. Critical challenges overcome in this research include predicting reaction thermodynamics and preparing Ti 2 O intermediate by Al reduction of TiO 2 without significant Al alloying, which is made possible by forming mild-acid soluble Ca 12 Al 14 O 32 Cl 2 byproduct. Various Al reduction conditions were investigated and optimized. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report to fabricate Ti 2 O powder by Al reduction of TiO 2 with a highly stable chemical composition. The difficulty of sintering the Ti 2 O intermediate before Mg deoxidation to reduce the surface oxygen contribution is mitigated by mixing a certain amount of low-oxygen titanium powder with the Ti 2 O powder. This allows the densification temperature to be lowered from 1400 °C for sintering pure Ti 2 O powder to 1100 °C. Even with as much as around 15 wt% oxygen, the sintered powder can be effectively deoxidized by Mg with the help of hydrogen. A titanium metal powder with an oxygen content of 0.134 wt%, an Al content of 0.123 wt%, and other impurities meeting the standard of pure titanium metal powder (GB/T 34486-2017 FTA1) is successfully prepared by the Al reduction-Mg deoxidation combined process. It is a promising alternative for producing titanium metal powder and its derivatives.
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ACS Omega
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Tianzeng Zhao,Xinxin Peng,Zhongpeng Zhu,Zhaolin Fu,Xiangyu Wang,Dandan Jia,Weiping Zheng,Jie Zhao,Zhiping Tao,Xingtian Shu
The pore-expanding modification of zeolites is an important means to improve their catalytic performance. This study demonstrates the postsynthesis of Ti-Sil-BEA zeolites via silanization-modified parent BEA zeolite and its application in catalyzing epoxidation reactions of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). The zeolites were characterized by BET, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and X-ray electron spectroscopy. The impact of silanizing reagents on the crystallization of BEA zeolites as well as pore-expanding was studied. It is revealed that the addition of N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (TSPED) before crystallization of *BEA-type zeolites can effectively introduce mesoporous structures without impacting the integrity of the zeolite crystals (resulting in an augmentation of the mesopore volume by 55% and emergence of mesopores with a diameter of 11 nm). Furthermore, the introduction of TSPED led to the reduction of zeolite size, and the change of the mesoporous structure of Ti-Sil-BEA improved its catalytic performance for the DCPD epoxidation reaction; the DCPD conversion was increased by 11.5%. The dicyclopentadiene dioxide (DCPDDO) selectivity was increased by 52.5%.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 7.7
Jinqiang Fu,Fenglan Liang,Wenjing Zhong,Tao Kuang,Ziyuan Yin,Yongshi Li,Zhenggui Huang,Hongli Liu,Deyun Ma
Establishing a simple and consistent strategy to adjust the photocatalyst surface to improve the photocatalytic performance is crucial but remains challenging. Herein, a photocatalyst of TiO 2 -Q-Pd is obtained through one-step quenching of TiO 2 (derived from NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti)) into an aqueous solution of sodium tetrachloropalladium, which displayed a significant improvement in photocatalytic activity, achieving 97 % tetracycline degradation within 60 min and 95 % mineralization at 5 h. The mineralization reaction rate (0.6321 h −1 ) was 2.75 times that of the commercial TiO 2 . Our findings show that quenching leads to the creation of numerous zigzag surfaces and the near-surface palladium atom doping, therefore adjusting the chemical environment of Ti, which accelerates electron-hole pair separation and transfer, and thereby improves the photocatalytic performance. This finding introduces a novel approach to activating metal oxide catalysts derived from MOFs and expands the role of quenching chemistry in catalytic processes.
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CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 8
Shaoming Yang,Yaqi Wang,Jiayi Chen,Yun Feng,Jiahui Li,Yongxin Liu,Liangpeng Zeng,Ji Zhao,Jiali Zhang
Owing to its environmental compatibility and energy conservation properties, photocathodic protection (PCP) has emerged as a promising approach for metal corrosion protection. The key to efficient PCP lies in developing semiconductor composite materials that combine excellent photoelectrochemical performance with a simple preparation process. Herein, a carbon-doped TiO 2 /Bi 2 S 3 composite (Bi 2 S 3 /C-TiO 2 ) was fabricated via a single-step, low-temperature hydrolysis strategy using NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) as the precursor, concurrently achieving carbon doping and incorporating a narrow-bandgap semiconductor. Characterization by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical testing under illumination revealed that the composite exhibits significantly enhanced visible-light absorption while effectively suppressing photogenerated charge carrier recombination. Under optimized conditions, the Bi 2 S 3 /C-TiO 2 photoanode shifted the potential of coupled 304 stainless steel (304SS) to −464 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) under visible-light irradiation—substantially below its corrosion potential—demonstrating effective photogenerated cathodic protection for 304SS.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 24
·1-13
·
IF 2.8
Rafiq Muhammad Nasir,Dai Zhonghua,Zheng Yuanyuan,Li Xujun,Liu Chenxi,Zhao Xin,Cong Yu,Gu Shuitao
The performance of lead-based ceramics in energy storage applications is often hindered by their low energy density and inadequate phase transition properties. The (Pb, La) (Zr, Sn, Ti)O 3 (PLZST) antiferroelectric ceramics have attracted much attention as energy storage materials. In this work, ceramics Pb 1−1.5 x La x (Zr 0.93 Sn 0.05 Ti 0.02 )O 3 at ( x = 0.015, 0.025, 0.035, and 0.045) were prepared using a solid-state method, and their dielectric and energy storage characteristics were studied. It was observed that integrating lanthanum significantly improved the perovskite structure, reducing grain size and boosting the polarization intensity. In this present study, a recoverable energy storage density ( W rec ) of 6.24 J/cm 3 was achieved under an electric field of 270 kV/cm. Moreover, these ceramics demonstrated an impressive discharge energy density ( W dis ), with 90% of the energy released within 1.29 μs. The outcomes show that PLZST is a highly effective material for advanced energy storage, pulse power applications, and paving the way for technological advancements.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 8.3
Yanping Dong,Xiqiang Tian,Muhammad Zahid
Due to their highly tunable structures and porous nature, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered substantial interest as versatile platforms for immobilizing noble metal nanoparticles in selective hydrogenation catalysis. However, the inherent limitations of MOFs, such as small micropores and weak interactions between inorganic nodes and guest noble metals (caused by organic ligands), often result in limited accessibility and the collapse of reactive sites. To overcome these challenges, this study focuses on a novel partial deligandation strategy and further, stabilizes the active Pt nanoparticles over it. Specifically, Ti-MOF-250 was synthesized by partially decomposing NH 2 –Ti-MIL-125 (Ti-MOF) at 250 °C, followed by the eco-friendly polyol reduction method to produce Pt/Ti-MOF-250 catalyst. Compared to the non-deliganded Ti-MOF, the Ti-MOF-250 catalyst, which retains residual organic ligands, exhibits a greater surface area, a hierarchical porous structure, and active defect sites that expose the unsaturated Ti metal centers. These features synergistically control the Pt particle size, enhance their uniform dispersion, and increase the number of exposed reactive sites. The distinctive structural properties of the Pt/Ti-MOF-250 catalyst enable unique furfural (FAL) adsorption geometries, achieving exceptional FAL conversion (97.4 %) and high selectivity (98.1 %) toward furfuryl alcohol (FOL). The partial deligandation approach paves the way to enhance the physicochemical properties of pristine MOFs, enabling the homogeneous confinement and stabilization of Pt nanoparticle catalysts to achieve exceptional catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability in hydrogenation reactions.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Yu-Teng Zhang,Jing- Yu Sun,Jian Li,De-Sheng Wei,Wan-Yi Lan,Nan Lv,Shuang-Bao Li
This study reports one-pot microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of Ti-Zr bimetallic organic cages (TiZrT-BTC-α, where α denotes the actual Ti molar percentage and T represents the tetrahedral cage structure). The reaction employed zirconocene dichloride (Cp 2 ZrCl 2 , Cp = η 5 -C 5 H 5 ), titanocene dichloride (Cp 2 TiCl 2 ) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H 3 BTC) as solid precursors to form a V 4 F 4 (V = vertex and F = face) coordination tetrahedron. The presence of the characteristic Ti-O vibration band at 420 cm -1 in the FT-IR spectrum, along with the characteristic Ti 4+ band signal at 458.6 eV in the XPS spectrum, collectively demonstrates the successful incorporation of titanium into the molecular cage structure. Notably, the introduction of titanium endowed the material with visible light absorption capability and modulates its electronic structure, reducing the band gap value from 3.73 eV (ZrT-BTC) to 2.48 eV (TiZrT-BTC-7.9). The photocatalytic activities of TiZrT-BTC-α were evaluated using tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) as a target pollutant under visible light illumination. Among the series, TiZrT-BTC-7.9 demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity, achieving 92.17% degradation efficiency for TC (20 mg/L) within 3 hours. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy combined with radical trapping experiments identified superoxide radicals (·O 2 - ) served as the dominant reactive species. This work paves the way for developing cage-based photocatalysts with tunable optoelectronic properties.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2022
·
IF 24.319
Ruofan Shen,Yanyan Liu,Hao Wen,Tao Liu,Zhikun Peng,Xianli Wu,Xianghong Ge,Sehrish Mehdi,Huaqiang Cao,Erjun Liang,Jianchun Jiang,Baojun Li
High activity catalysts used for eliminating the energy barrier in water breaking-up are of great significance for accelerating those reactions retarded by water molecules dissociation. In this work, an oxygen vacancy (V O )-Ti ensemble engineering on Ru catalyst was established to boost the catalytic activity toward water dissociation. The V O in V O -Ti ensemble plays as electron promoter to transfers electrons to surface Ru atoms. The rich electron state of Ru boosts the catalytic activity toward water dissociation. As an experimental verification, the turnover frequency of 1.5-RTV O -4 in ammonia borane hydrolysis reaches up to 1370 min −1 (9710 min −1 depend on the dispersion of Ru), exceeding the benchmark value set up by Ru-based catalysts. This research provides a novel electronic tuning strategy for V O as imaginary atom via electron promoter effect to enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity of metal catalysts toward inert molecule dissociation in the next generation energy chemistry field.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2025
·
IF 21.1
Jingjing Liu,Mengyuan Zhang,Diru Liu,Yunbo Yu,Guangyan Xu,Hong He
Ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH 3 -SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) is a widely adopted method for controlling NO x emissions. However, achieving superior low-temperature activity while maintaining high N 2 selectivity over a broad temperature range remains a major challenge. In this study, a novel mesoporous manganese–titanium–aluminum (Mn-Ti-MA-S) composite oxide catalyst was synthesized by a modified evaporation-induced self-assembly method. The incorporation of Mn and Ti into mesoporous alumina (MA) framework significantly optimized the redox-acidic properties of the Mn-Ti-MA catalyst, with Mn in a highly dispersed state with fully exposed microcrystalline structures. Subsequent sulfur treatment further transformed the Lewis acid sites into Brønsted acid sites, shifting the reaction pathway from a Lewis acid site-dominated to Brønsted acid site-dominated mechanism. This strategy successfully overcame the conventional trade-off between low-temperature activity and high-temperature N 2 selectivity in NH 3 -SCR catalysts. Consequently, the optimized Mn-Ti-MA-S catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance, achieving both NO x conversion and N 2 selectivity above 90 % over a wide temperature range (104–400 °C). This work highlights a synergistic strategy that integrates redox and acid sites engineering with reaction pathway regulation, enabling the development of highly efficient NH 3 -SCR catalysts.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2024
·
IF 20.2
Rassu Pietro,Cappai Luca,Stagi Luigi,Liu Ruirui,Enzo Stefano,Mulas Gabriele,Garroni Sebastiano,Malfatti Luca,Innocenzi Plinio,Ma Xiaojie,Wang Bo
Alcohol and water photooxidation reactions are employed in concert with optical spectroscopy analyses to demonstrate the occurrence of multiple and distinctive charge-transfer (CT) mechanisms in the environmental photocatalyst MIL-125(Ti). The contribution of ligand-to-metal CT (LMCT) mechanisms increases at wavelengths lower than 320 nm while that of node oxygen-to-metal CT (OMCT) mechanisms increases at longer wavelengths. The localization of photogenerated holes on different atoms leads to a selective reactivity of the framework depending on the mechanism and, during hydroxylation processes, to its spontaneous transition to the isostructural MIL-125-OH(Ti) and the development of an additional LMCT mechanism with a long-lived emission. Furthermore, a previously unidentified and extrinsic CT mechanism is spectroscopically related to the formation of terephthalate-based oligomers . The coexistence of distinctive CT mechanisms in MIL-125(Ti) implies their critical role in catalyst efficiency, and mastering them proves to be a powerful and simple strategy to produce the valuable MIL-125-OH(Ti).
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WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
·
2025
·Vol. 97
·期 3
·e70057
·
IF 1.9
Bin Zheng,Haixia Wu,Min Zhang,Shaohua Lin
As microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems continues to rise, research on wastewater treatment methods designed to address microplastics has gained significant attention. To reduce the power consumption of electrocoagulation, this study presents an approach using Ti–Al electrode under pulsed current conditions to address polystyrene (PS) microplastic contamination in wastewater. After selecting the appropriate electrode materials and shapes, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the effects of various operational parameters—such as initial solution pH, electrolyte concentration, current density, pulse frequency, and pulse duty cycle—on PS removal efficiency. Under optimal conditions (electrode spacing of 1 cm, current density of 4 A·m −2 , pulse duty cycle of 40%, pulse frequency of 500 Hz, initial solution pH of 7, and electrolyte concentration of 0.05 mol·L −1 ), the removal efficiency of PS reached 93.24%, with a power consumption of 0.00977 kWh·mg −1 . Analysis of the resulting flocs revealed that free radicals generated during the electrocoagulation process disrupted the microplastic surfaces and facilitated the formation of Ti and Al flocs, which ultimately removed the microplastics through a combination of adsorption, electro-neutralization, and capture mechanisms. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Ti electrode electrocoagulation for treating microplastic-laden wastewater and provides valuable insights for advancing microplastic treatment technologies. Practitioner Points Using pulse current electrocoagulation to remove polystyrene microplastics from wastewater. Titanium electrodes outperforms traditional electrodes ()in terms of efficiency and energy consumption. The mechanism for removing polystyrene microplastics using titanium electrodes in pulse current electrocoagulation was proposed. Titanium electrode electrocoagulation is effective in removing microplastics from wastewater and provides a reference for actual wastewater treatment. Graphical Titanium complexes such as Ti 4+ , Ti 3+ , Ti (OH) 2 + , and Ti (OH) 3 + generate during the electrocoagulation process, while alongside aluminum complexes like Al 3+ , Al (OH) 2+ , and Al (OH) 2 + generate. These positively charged species engage in charge neutralization with negatively charged microplastic particles. In addition, [Ti (OH) 4 ] n and [Al (OH) 3 ] n flocculants remove polystyrene particles via adsorption, net trapping, and rolling actions owing to their increased surface functional groups and larger specific surface area.
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METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.4
Zhu Liguo,Zhang Zuqing,Kong Lingxin,Wang Chengyuan,Yang Bin,Xu Baoqiang
Ti is produced by the Kroll method, mainly by carbothermic chlorination, magnesiothermic reduction, and vacuum distillation, which result in complex processes, low efficiency, and high cost. Although Ti has many excellent properties, its high production costs limit its widespread applications. There is an urgent need to develop new Ti extraction processes to reduce the cost of Ti production. In this study, we propose a new method for the direct preparation of low-oxygen Ti powder from TiO 2 using Mg as a reducing agent and the formation of CeOCl (2Mg ( l ) + TiO 2 ( s ) + 2CeCl 3 ( l ) = Ti ( s ) + 2CeOCl ( s ) + 2MgCl 2 ( l )). First, a deoxidization experiment of Ti with Mg as a deoxidizer was conducted, and the ability of Mg to deoxidize Ti was demonstrated. At 1273 K, when the activity of CeCl 3 was 1, the oxygen concentrations of Ti-A and Ti-B were 380 and 270 ppm, respectively. Subsequently, the TiO 2 reduction experiment was conducted using Mg as the reducing agent. The results showed that MgO activity was effectively reduced by the formation of CeOCl (MgO( s ) + CeCl 3 ( l ) = MgCl 2 ( l ) + CeOCl( s )). When the system reached the Mg/MgCl 2 /CeOCl/CeCl 3 equilibrium, low-oxygen Ti powder below 1000 ppm was directly produced from TiO 2 .
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