Food Bioscience
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Xueyi Cai,Hongfu Li,Mengzhen Liao,Qihong Zheng,Huan Chen,Yang Zhang,Xiao Chen,Dong Liang
Bitter gourd (fruit of Momordica charantia L.) is a popular vegetable and medical herb known for its intense bitter taste. However, its major bitter-tasting compounds have not been fully characterized. This study aimed to decode its bitterness by application of the sensomics approach. Combining solvent extraction, sensory analysis-guided fractionation and purification with medium-pressure liquid chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography, nine bitter-tasting cucurbitane-type triterpenoids were isolated from bitter gourd. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The bitter taste recognition thresholds of isolated compounds were in the range from 1.4 mg/L ((23 E )-3 β - O -malonyl-7 β ,25-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al, 9 ) to 19.1 mg/L (yeojooside C, 5 ) in 3% ethanol as determined by trained human assessors. Quantification with UPLC-MS/MS demonstrated their natural concentrations in bitter gourd fruits were in the range between 14.2 ± 0.9 mg/kg (yeojooside C, 5 ) and 245.6 ± 22.1 mg/kg (3- O -malonylmomordicine I, 10 ) on a dry weight basis. Calculation of the dose-over-threshold (DoT) factors showed three compounds, namely 3- O -malonylmomordicine I ( 10 ), momordicine I ( 3 ), and (23 E )-3 β - O -malonyl-7 β ,25-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al ( 9 ) were the bitter principles in bitter gourd fruits. On the other hand, momordicoside K ( 2 ), which had been known as a bitter principle of bitter gourd for more than forty years, had been proven to be an extraction and isolation artifact rather than a natural component of the plant. Besides, an acid-catalyzed isomerization reaction in the side chain of cucurbitane was discovered, which might explain the formation mechanism of many cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from bitter gourd.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Shengjie Ye,Jianye Chen,Sen Cao,Donglan Luo,Liangjie Ba
In this study, we evaluated the potential for exogenous thymol to slow this decline by measuring the effects of thymol application on cell wall, energy, and membrane lipid metabolism. The results showed that thymol application improved the preservation of the total soluble solids, titratable acidity, decay rate, and anthocyanin content, and effectively inhibited the accumulation of O 2 ·- , H 2 O 2 , and malondialdehyde in blueberries during storage. Thymol application also effectively maintained fruit firmness, cell wall structure, and energy levels, while delaying the degradation of membrane phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids during the storage of post-harvest blueberries. Therefore, exogenous thymol can maintain the quality of blueberry fruits by regulating energy and membrane lipid metabolism and reducing cell wall degradation. Thus, thymol-treatment could be a suitable biocontrol agent for maintaining blueberry quality and extending blueberry fruit storage life.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Shiyi Xiong,Jinjiao Dong,Wenjun Wang,Guodong Zheng,Nansheng Wu,Jingjing Xie,Ruiling Wang,Xiaojin He,Jingen Li
This study aimed to elucidate the structure of a polysaccharide from Choerospondias axillaris fruit (CAP) and to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression mice. The solution of CAP exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid behavior. The backbone of CAP was defined as →2)- α -L-Rha p -(1 → 4)- α -D-Gal p A-(1 → 4)- α -D-Gal p A-(1 → [4)- α -D-Gal p A-(1] 5 →, with side chains attached at the O -4 and O -3 positions, demonstrating that CAP is a pectic polysaccharide with partial methyl esterification. Administration of CAP improved immune organ indices, reduced levels of inflammation cytokines, and diminished oxidative stress of the immunosuppression mice. Furthermore, CAP significantly promoted the expression of intestinal barrier proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1). Additionally, CAP markedly up-regulated the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, p38, IκBα and p65 in the colon tissue, suggesting that CAP might alleviate intestinal inflammation by modulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, CAP could restore the abundance of probiotic species ( Lactobacillus and Bacteroides ), while decreasing pathogenic species ( Oscillospira and Helicobacter ). These findings underscore the substantial immunomodulatory potential of CAP.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Yueping Wang,Yequn Huang,Lianping Song,Hong Wang,Li Wan,Jinqian Pang,Wenjuan Liang
Insight investigation on both edible pulps and inedible parts involving inflorescence axis and shreds of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam were carried out, a total of 98 VOCs and 201 masses were identified by the combination of HS-SPME-GC–MS and PTR-TOF-MS. Among them, according to the consistency of OAV and results of VIP > 1, p < 0.05, compounds methyl isovalerate ( A2 ), 3-methylbutyl acetate ( A5 ) and octanoic acid, ethyl ester ( A21 ) were recognized as aroma markers to distinguish the pulps, shreds and inflorescence axis. Meanwhile, the inflorescence axis (IC 50 : 1.82 mg/mL) and shreds (IC 50 : 16.74 mg/mL) exhibited more excellent antioxidant potency than pulps (IC 50 : 17.43 mg/mL) in vitro . These findings validated the feasibility of coupling HS-SPME-GC–MS and PTR-TOF-MS for rapid detection of characteristic VOCs of this plant, and offered new prospect of fragrance utilization and waste management of the edible and inedible parts of A. heterophyllus fruit.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
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IF 6.2
Yu Chai,Ye-Ting Wang,Xiao-Ping Zheng,Ya-Peng Du,Yu-Cang Zhang,Yan-Zhen Zheng
As the depletion of fossil energy, the utilization of renewable energy especially the lignocellulosic biomass has become increasingly critical. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose presents substantial challenges in its efficient processing. In this study, the combination of ionic liquids (ILs) and organic acid emerges as a promising, sustainable, and cost-effective method for lignocellulose pretreatment. This study investigated the pretreatment of passion fruit husks, an agricultural by-product, using a system of IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and levulinic acid (LA), a biomass-derived carboxylic acid, to effectively separate cellulose and lignin. Co-solvents such as ethanol, water and acetone were applied to reduce the viscosity of the pretreatment system and improve mass transfer efficiency during biomass pretreatment. The optimal pretreatment condition was found to be 3 h reaction time, 130 °C, and ethanol as co-solvent at 10 wt% of the pretreatment system. The cellulose-rich residues were prepared into lignin containing nanocellulose (LCN), which were then utilized as emulsifiers in the preparation of Pickering emulsions. These emulsions demonstrated exceptional storage stability over prolonged periods. Additionally, the lignin-rich pretreatment solution was incorporated as an active additive into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to produce composite films, which exhibited excellent UV-blocking capabilities and mechanical strength (46.37 MPa for tensile strength and 747.62 % for the elongation at break at 40 wt% lignin). This sustainable biorefinery strategy enables the comprehensive conversion of passion fruit husk biomass into bio-based multifunctional nanomaterials, offering promising applications in diverse industrial sectors.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Shuguang Yang,Yile Xu,Anbo Pan,Peisheng Li,Wenwu Yang,Qingfeng Sun,Xiaochun Zhang,Yantao Xu
Confronted with the persistent environmental challenge posed by non-degradable petroleum-based plastics, biodegradable bio-based plastics have emerged as a promising research focus. However, current materials are often limited by inadequate mechanical strength and susceptibility to mildew. To overcome these limitations, this study innovatively developed a novel bio-based film (C-g-SPT) by integrating polyethyleneimine (PEI) and nano titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) into a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/soy protein isolate (SPI) composite system. Through amidation reactions and network formation, a stable three-dimensional structure was constructed. The resulting composite film exhibits exceptional properties: maximum tensile strength of 17.31 MPa (14 times higher than SPI film); elongation at break of 59.19 % (27.92 % higher than CMC film). In addition, the mold resistance period has been extended from 5 days to over 24 days; and the modified film can be completely degraded within 64 days. Furthermore, it significantly extends strawberry shelf life to 10 days, outperforming traditional polyethylene (PE) packaging by 5 days. This study provides an innovative strategy for developing high-performance, cost-effective, and biodegradable bio-based films, advancing their industrial application and sustainable development.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Tianna Wu,Shuo Yang,Wei Feng,Kaiyue Li,Yanru Li,Lili Wang,Rui Chen,Xiaodong Yang,Lulu Liu,Donglai Han
Equipped with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and magnetic manipulation capacity, a new paradigm of recyclable SERS substrates based on Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) @SiO 2 @PEI-DTC adhesive layer @Au-Ag alloy quantum dots (QDs) were successfully prepared via engineering hydrothermal and seed deposition techniques. The SERS performance and uniformity of those substrates with different gold-silver (Au-Ag) weight ratios were evaluated by 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecules, revealing that the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of all substrates were less than 12 %, with the optimal SERS substrate achieving an enhancement factor (EF) of up to 1.39 × 10 5 . This phenomenon can be attributed to the magnetic core and plasmonic resonance properties of Au-Ag alloy QDs, which result in abundant interparticle hotspots in the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @PEI-DTC@Au-Ag (FSPAA) nanocomposites. Furthermore, the optimal FSPAA nanocomposite was employed as a SERS substrate for rapid non-destructive detection of thiram on fruit surfaces. The SERS signal intensity exhibited a robust manifesting a linear association with thiram concentration within the span of 1 × 10 −4 to 1 × 10 −9 M, and the minimal detectable concentration was 1.04 × 10 −10 M. The FSPAA core–shell nanocomposites exhibit high reusability and reliability and hold great promise for the practical applications in on-site assessment of food/environmental safety, as well as in spectroscopic identification of molecules adsorbed onto fruit surfaces.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2025
·Vol. 2025
·期 1
·3869156
·
IF 4.2
Tao Chen,Meiquan Yang,Tianmei Yang,Weize Yang,Jinyu Zhang
Amomum tsao-ko (AT) is an important medicinal and edible plant. Its fruit has various colors, commonly available in green, red and dark red colors. There may be significant differences in chemical composition and pharmacological activity among ATs with different fruit colors. In this study, we systematically analyzed the metabolite composition of ATs of different fruit colors and their potential pharmacological mechanisms of action using a combination of widely targeted metabolomics and network pharmacology. Through widely targeted metabolomics techniques, we identified and quantified a variety of metabolites in ATs, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, and alkaloids. The results showed that there were significant differences in metabolite composition among AT with different fruit colors, especially in the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Among them, flavonoid components such as kaempferol, isorhamnetin derivatives, and epigallocatechin analogs play a major role in the color formation of ATs. Furthermore, through the network pharmacological analysis, we constructed the metabolite-target-disease network of AT and revealed the potential pharmacological mechanism of AT with different fruit color. Five compounds, ent-Epicatechin, (4e_(6e))-1,ent-Epicatechin(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one, beta-daucosterol_qt, (−)-catechin and quercetin, which are effective in the treatment of tumor, were obtained by screening. They had good docking ability to the protein target of tumor. After screening the metabolites of four kinds of fruit color, quercetin was the common component of four kinds of fruit color AT, but the other four compounds could not be detected. In terms of the relative content of the detected compounds, light red AT > dark red AT > red AT > green AT; generally speaking, the content is relatively high, the more potential biological activity, so in theory, the light red AT is more effective in the treatment of tumor, but further pharmacological verification is needed. This study not only provides a new scientific basis for the chemical differences and pharmacological effects of different fruit colors, but also provides theoretical support.
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ANALYTICAL LETTERS
·
2025
·
IF 1.8
Yunna Li,Fan Qi,Jinsong Liu,Yunfei Zhao,Jiale Fang,Xueliang Li,Kezhi Jiang
Ethephon (ETH) is a widely used plant growth regulator in fruit production. Due to its harm to people’s health, its content is an important indicator for fruit quality control. However, due to the extremely high polarity and acidity, as well as the absence of chromophores, efficient and simple detection of ETH remains challenging. In this work, a convenient method for determining trace ETH in fruit was developed that involved a combination of catalytic methylation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. ETH in fruit was extracted with acetonitrile and derivatized with (trimethylsilyl) diazomethane (TMSD) by the catalysis of trimethylchlorosilane to generate methylated ETH (ETH-M) which was determined by GC-MS. The instrumental linear range of ETH was 10–1000 µg/L with a coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 1.0 µg/kg. The ETH content in 12 types of fruits was determined with a reasonable recovery rate ranging from 83.20 ± 0.05% to 118.21 ± 0.01%. The ETH content in the unwashed fruits was in the range of undetectable (ND) to 111 µg/g and below the LOD in their flesh. After washing, the content was significantly reduced and even undetectable. The established method showed good efficiency, selectivity, and reproducibility, and can be used for the determination of ETH in various fruits.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Shen Jiang,Qiuyun Li,Xubin Quan,Yaowen Xing,Yujiang Huang,Xuming Mu,Yitong Meng,Guangrun Wu,Tong Ju,Yuhan Chu,Ruiyao Ma,Jing Wu,Xiaotong Wang,Sheng Wang,Yang Li
This study developed a novel SERS platform integrated with machine learning for rapid, sensitive, and discriminative analysis of multi-target pesticide residues in fruit juices. The core-shell Au@AgCNCs nanostructure markedly amplifies Raman signals through localized surface plasmon resonance and calcium-ion-induced aggregation, enabling ultrahigh-sensitivity detection of five pesticides with a limit of detection as low as 2.7 pM. When the Machine Learning (ML) algorithm was applied to multi-target pesticide residue analysis in juice, 99.56 % accuracy in identifying pesticide types within a complex juice matrix was achieved. Notably, the model was trained on pure pesticide spectra and tested on spiked juice samples. Using Support Vector Regression (SVR), recoveries for individual and mixed pesticides ranged from 94.2 % to 106.1 %, enabling quantitative analysis of multi-component pesticide residues. The integration of SERS with ML not only enhanced detection precision but also simplified analytical workflows, demonstrating significant potential for food safety monitoring and sustainable agricultural practices.
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Hua Huang,Hailun Liu,Jiaying Yu
Litchi fruit is prone to rapid pericarp browning, which impacts its marketability. Herein, the application of a natural glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide, chondroitin sulfate to inhibit the development of pericarp browning in litchi fruit was investigated. The results revealed that chondroitin sulfate suppressed browning progression and changes in color indicated by chromaticity values. It markedly reduced the production rates of superoxide anion (O 2 .- ) radical and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), retarded the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrolyte leakage rate, thereby preserving membrane integrity. Chondroitin sulfate also prevented the decline in total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity, as evidenced by maintained scavenging capacity of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power. It enhanced the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which are critical for antioxidant defense, while suppressing the activities of oxidative enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and laccase (LAC). Furthermore, chondroitin sulfate modulated the expression levels of key genes such as LcPAL1 , LcANS1, LcANS2 associated with phenol synthesis, and LcPPO1/2, LcPOD1/12, LcLAC2/14 for the oxidative enzymes involved in phenol synthesis. These findings demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate effectively regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) status and enhances antioxidant activity, underscoring its potential as a natural preservative for extending shelf life of litchi fruit during storage.
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE
·
2025
·Vol. 63
·期 5
·
IF 1.3
Yang Qinghua,Deng Honghai,Shi Yilan,Qiu Qianying,Wang Jinxin,Ping Wenhui,Gu Jun,Zhang Weibing
A fast, simple and effective method was developed and validated for determination of 11 fungicides using magnetic solid-phase extraction with NH2-Fe3O4@GO (graphene oxide) combined with gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). To carry out the extraction of the fungicides from samples, NH2-Fe3O4@GO nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The target analytes were extracted on NH2-Fe3O4@GO and then eluted by ethyl acetate and acetonitrile (1:1 v/v). Finally, the extraction solvent concentrated by nitrogen blowing was analyzed by GC–MS/MS, which demonstrated good linearity between 0.05 and 5.0 mg L−1. The limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) and the limits of quantification (signal-to-noise ratio = 10) for the 11 fungicides ranged from 1.0 to 3.5 and 3.0 to 10.5 μg kg−1, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were evaluated by measuring tagged samples; the recoveries and relative standard deviations ranged from 75.3% to 103.9% and 2.19% to 4.68%, respectively. The utility of the adsorbent was demonstrated to determine trace fungicides in fresh fruit juice samples.
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