JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 4.4
Zhang Liping,Liu Xingmin,Zhao Zihan
Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are a critical technology for large-scale energy storage, and their electrode properties directly determine catalytic activity and structural stability. In this study, copper clusters anchored on MXene sheets (MXene/Cu) are designed as a novel electrocatalyst for the V 3+ /V 2+ redox reaction. The catalytic performance was systematically evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For battery performance tests, single cells were assembled using plasma-treated graphite felt coated with the MXene/Cu composite as the negative electrode (MXene/Cu/GF). The results demonstrate that MXene/Cu significantly enhances the catalytic activity of the electrode. At a current density of 200 mA cm −2 , the cell employing MXene/Cu/GF as the negative electrode exhibits a 22.53% improvement in energy efficiency compared to plasma-treated graphite felt. Remarkably, after 200 charge–discharge cycles, the composite demonstrates exceptional stability, exhibiting only 5.20% total capacity decay. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between Cu clusters and MXene, which introduces abundant active sites on the graphite felt electrode and accelerates the reaction kinetics of the V 3+ /V 2+ redox couple, thereby enhancing overall cell performance. This work confirms that integrating atomic-level catalysts with two-dimensional MXene offers an effective strategy for advancing VRFB technology.
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Silicon
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2026
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IF 4.1
Liu Yuan,Liu Yuanfei,Fu Jie,Ma Chengliang
This study presents a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for fabricating large-area, low-defect Si₃N₄ ceramic substrate materials using tape casting combined with reaction-bonding sintering at 1900 °C. High-purity Si powder and a non-toxic Duramax™ B-1000 binder system were employed as raw materials. Orthogonal experiments (L9(3 4 ) array) optimized key parameters: 45 wt% solid content, 12.0 wt% binder, 0.4 wt% ammonium citrate dispersant, and a PEG-600 plasticizer to binder ratio (R) of 0.7. These conditions produced defect-free green tapes with smooth surfaces, minimal shrinkage, and balanced strength-flexibility properties. During re-sintering, the addition of 4 wt% Si 3 N 4 seeds maximized performance, yielding ceramics with 92.69% relative density, 15.6 GPa Vickers hardness, 6.6 MPa·m 1/2 fracture toughness, 636.1 MPa flexural strength, and 60.74 W·m −1 ·K −1 thermal conductivity. Microstructural analysis revealed elongated β-Si 3 N 4 grains, confirmed by XRD. This work demonstrates a scalable fabrication route for high-performance Si 3 N 4 substrates using economical and eco-conscious processing.
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COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 2.9
Jia Runan,Pang Xinlei,Jiang Long,Zhu Xiaobao,Hou Ming,Zhang Jialong,Yang Li,Guo Shenghui,Sun Hao,Chen Guangyu
Poly(p-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) serves as a key raw material for synthesizing deep ultraviolet(KrF) photoresist film-forming resins. To address the issues of lengthy preparation times and suboptimal performance associated with conventional heating methods, this study proposes a novel microwave-assisted polymerization process for synthesizing poly(4-acetoxystyrene), the precursor of PHS, thereby achieving efficient synthesis of poly(4-acetoxystyrene). 4-Acetoxystyrene was used as the monomer, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the initiator, and toluene as the solvent. To verify the feasibility of microwave polymerization, the dielectric properties of the monomer, solvent, initiator, and their mixed solution were characterized by the resonant cavity perturbation method at 2450 MHz, and the thermal stability of the reaction system was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Polymerization experiments were conducted using a laboratory-built microwave reactor to monitor the temperature profile during reaction. The results showed that all components and the mixed solution exhibited excellent microwave dielectric loss characteristics. Finally, the samples were systematically characterized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results confirmed the successful synthesis of poly(4-acetoxystyrene) with a weight-average molecular weight ( M w ) of 23,641 g/mol, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.86, and a monomer conversion of 98.86%. Furthermore, the mechanism of microwave action in the polymerization process was proposed. This study provides important guidance for the industrial preparation of poly(4-acetoxystyrene) and offers new insights into the efficient synthesis of functional polymer resins.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
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2026
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IF 2.6
Soliman Hanaa,Taieh Nabil Kadhim,Wan Guojiang,Hussien Hoda M.
Biodegradable magnesium is a promising orthopedic implant, but one challenge is reducing its corrosion rate. The first question that jumps to the reader’s mind is choosing an organic film or an inorganic one to isolate Mg. Here, a duplex-layer strategy has been studied: an organic film of hexamethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonic acid) HMDTMPA and two top layers of an inorganic film of TiO 2 or another organic film of stearic (St). A comparison will be carried out in light of SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Double layers of the organic film created more thickness (6.8 μm) but otherwise almost the same efficiency as a single film (4.3 μm), due to the same bonding ability of O-H and C-C, shifting the coating toward hydrophilicity attitude (57°). On the other hand, inorganic TiO 2 generates finer particles that are arranged compactly, facilitating denser packing (7.2 μm), reducing voidages on the surface and promoting hydrophobicity (146°) and consequently reinforcing Mg insulation. Graphical The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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Journal of Central South University
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2026
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IF 4.7
Jiang Hao-li,Yang Ya-ting,Lu Yu-gen,Yang Jia-mian,Sun Guo-quan,Cui Hong-zhi,Min Fan-lu,Wang Cong-xu,Xu Chuan-hua,Li Gai-ye,Zhang Jian-feng
Coarse-grained WC-10Co cemented carbides are indispensable for demanding applications such as rock drilling and shield tunneling, yet their development is restricted by poor mixing uniformity and the inherent hardness-toughness trade-off. To address this issue, a series of coarse-grained WC-10Co cemented carbides was developed by systematically tuning the ratios of La 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 additives via a co-precipitation and hydrogen reduction. The microstructures and mechanical properties were highly sensitive to this ratio. The optimal balance was achieved at a La: Y atomic ratio of 1:2, yielding a hardness of 86.6 HRA, a bending strength of 2201 MPa, and a remarkable fracture toughness of 25.72 MPa·m 1/2 . This improvement is mainly attributed to a synergistic interface-pinning mechanism. Specifically, trapezoidal La 2 O 3 and spherical Y 2 O 3 particles preferentially segregate at the WC/Co phase boundaries, thereby inhibiting abnormal WC grain growth and suppressing the martensitic transformation of ductile face-centered cubic cobalt (Co FCC ). Consequently, optimizing the additive ratio effectively alleviated the hardness-toughness trade-off, providing an effective paradigm for tailoring high-performance cemented carbides through precise powder-mixing engineering.
The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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International Breastfeeding Journal
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2026
·Vol. 21
·期 1
·48
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IF 3.4
Huang Zhi,Duan Yu-jie,Chen Ming,Li Zi-ming,Peng Xiao-yan,Hu Yu-ming
Objective Fat, as one of the macronutrients in breast milk (BM) plays an important role in infant growth and development. This study aimed to explore the impact of maternal body mass index (BMI) trajectories in different pregnancy periods on the fat composition of BM and clarify the possible metabolic mechanisms. Methods A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in central south China and a total of 195 lactating women was recruited. Prepregnancy and delivery maternal weights were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry, while postpartum weight and height were measured during the interview. BM macronutrients and fatty acid (FA) profiles were analyzed. Maternal BMI trajectories reflected the combined weight status in different pregnancy periods was identified by Latent Class Growth Model. The associations of BM fat compositions with maternal weight status were used by multiple linear regression analysis. Results Two maternal BMI trajectories characterized by high and low maternal BMI were found from prepregnancy to postpartum. The maternal BMI trajectories was positively associated with BM fat (β = 0.233, 95%CI: 0.092, 0.374), energy (β = 0.208, 95%CI:0.065, 0.351), and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (0.160, 95%CI: 0.014, 0.306). Moreover, these fat compositions were also positively associated with prepregnancy overweight and obesity. The subgroup analysis by lactaing period found that in both subgroups, BM fat concentration was positively associated with maternal BMI trajectory and prepregnancy overweight and obesity. In addition, the results also revealed that in the lactation period of 90–180 days, maternal prepregnancy overweight and obesity were positively associated with BM concentrations of SFA, n‑6 PUFA, and total FAs. BM fat and energy were positively correlated with BM main FAs C14:0, C16:0, and C18:1n-9, which were associated with diet intake and endogenous synthesis of SFA. Conclusion High maternal BMI trajectory from prepregnancy to postpartum impacted BM fat and energy. The impact mainly depended on the maternal prepregnancy weight status. The potential metabolic mechanisms of maternal weight status on BM fat were associated with SFA endogenous synthesis.
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Nature Protocols
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2026
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IF 18.4
Zhang Ruofei,Zhao Hanqing,Zhang Sijie,Yan Xiyun,Fan Kelong
Antioxidant nanozymes are nanomaterials with superoxide dismutase-like or catalase-like activities. They have emerged as promising therapeutics for oxidative stress-related disorders. However, the lack of standardized quantitative assays for activity characterization has limited cross-study reproducibility and direct comparison of reported performance. Here this protocol provides step-by-step procedures for the quantitative characterization of the superoxide dismutase-like and catalase-like activities of nanozymes. Superoxide dismutase-like activity is quantified via a self-prepared xanthine/xanthine oxidase/water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 system, in which nanozymes catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anions (O 2 •− ), thereby suppressing formazan formation. By tuning O 2 •− generation through controlled xanthine oxidase concentrations, the protocol enables the determination of Michaelis–Menten kinetics for the short-lived O 2 •− . Catalase-like activity is quantified by monitoring hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) decomposition at 240 nm via ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, which yields specific activity and kinetic constants, whereas a complementary 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine oxidation assay excludes interference from peroxidase-like reactions. Representative nanozymes spanning carbon-based, metal oxide, noble metal and single-atom systems are used as case studies to demonstrate the robustness and versatility of this protocol. Functional validation in cellular models using flow cytometry further demonstrates the practical applicability of reactive oxygen species scavenging. This protocol enables reliable and reproducible evaluation of antioxidant nanozymes, facilitating direct comparison across materials, elucidation of structure–activity relationships and rational optimization for biomedical applications. The complete procedure can be performed by researchers with standard training in biochemistry and flow cytometric analysis within 10–12 h.
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Cell and Bioscience
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2026
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·88
·
IF 6.5
Chen Xin,Zhang Qing,Xie Fen,Zhai Huilan,Li Chuanhong,Zhou Weifeng,Zhang Nuobei
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy driven by cancer stem cells, which drive progression and therapeutic resistance. Nuclear pore protein ELYS is implicated in tumorigenesis, but its role in HCC stemness remains unclear. Methods Transcriptome sequencing identified ELYS-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional impacts of ELYS on malignant phenotypes and stemness were assessed in vitro. Signaling pathway activation was confirmed using inhibitors of Hedgehog (GANT-61) and AKT (MK-2206 2HCl). Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter, and ChIP assays elucidated the FOXO6-NUP205 axis. Xenograft models validated the findings in vivo. Clinical relevance was evaluated using TCGA-HCC data and immunohistochemistry in clinical samples. Results DEGs in ELYS-overexpressing cells were enriched in PI3K/AKT and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways. ELYS facilitated Gli-1 nuclear translocation by activating PI3K/AKT, placing it upstream of Hh. Bioinformatic and experimental analyses identified FOXO6 and its target NUP205 as key effectors. ELYS upregulated FOXO6, which directly activated NUP205 transcription. FOXO6 knockdown suppressed ELYS-induced effects on NUP205, Gli-1 nuclear translocation, and stemness factors. In vivo, ELYS promoted tumor growth and lung metastasis via PI3K/AKT/Hh. Clinically, ELYS, FOXO6, and NUP205 were overexpressed in HCC, correlating with advanced features and poor survival. Conclusion This study defines an oncogenic axis wherein ELYS promotes HCC stemness and metastasis by activating PI3K/AKT, triggering a FOXO6-NUP205 cascade to drive Hedgehog, representing a pivotal mechanism and therapeutic target. Graphical abstract
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Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
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2026
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IF 3.6
Zhu Lei,Lang Lin,Xiang Longyan,Wu Xin,Lv Shanshan,Yang Ruihua,Wang Lina,Hu Xixi
This study established a comprehensive quality evaluation system for table grapes cultivated in plastic greenhouses in cold regions. A total of 36 indicators covering appearance, texture, flavor and bioactive properties were measured in 38 cultivars over two consecutive years. Through integrated variability analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis, six core attributes were identified and assigned weight coefficients using the analytic hierarchy process. Among these, sugar-acid ratio contributing most (0.366), followed by total phenolics (0.233). A distinctive feature is that total phenolics was set as a variable based on edible part, using skin content for thin-skin grapes and the sum of skin and pulp content for thick-skin grapes. The resulting model, Y = 0.070 × single berry weight + 0.048 × a* + 0.113 × chewiness + 0.169 × total soluble solids + 0.366 × sugar-acid ratio + 0.233 × TP, enabled objective quality scoring. According to composite scores, the 38 cultivars were classified into four grades. Grade I (0.6–0.75) included 10 cultivars, with ‘Summer Black’ achieving the highest score (0.744). Grade II (0.5–0.6) comprised 11 cultivars, while Grades III (0.4–0.5) and IV (0.1–0.4) included the remaining 17 cultivars. Fifteen cultivars (0.729–0.508) bred in China were ranked in Grade I and II. The model was validated through sensory evaluation of 15 randomly selected cultivars, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.91 between sensory scores and model-calculated values. This study provides a scientifically grounded framework for cultivar screening, quality improvement and sustainable production of table grapes in cold regions.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Wen Jie,Xia Maoting,Fu Hongwei,Lyu Wang,Fan Ling,Zhou Jiawan,Rao Apparao M.,Zhou Jiang,Wen Shuangchun,Lu Bingan
Nonflammable electrolytes are pivotal for improving the safety of potassium-ion batteries. However, their broad adoption has been hindered by the inadequate electrode compatibility of conventional nonflammable electrolytes, which typically result from strong solvation and excessive free solvent molecules. Here, we employ a molecular design strategy that integrates strong coordination capability with anion-reinforced solvation structure, thereby enabling the effective deployment of nonflammable phosphate solvents. By incorporating lengthened functionalized side-chains into the phosphate backbone, the tailored molecule tri(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate achieves robust multi-site chelation via synergistic interactions between the ether oxygen (C-O-C) and the phosphoryl (P=O) groups. Concurrently, its large molecular structure effectively increases the anion-to-solvent ratio in the electrolyte, promoting the formation of stable electrode-electrolyte interphases, and resulting in high compatibility with both the negative and positive electrodes. Consequently, the optimized tri(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate-based electrolyte enables stable cycling of graphite negative electrode (92.7% capacity retention after 800 cycles at 100 mA g −1 ) and Prussian blue positive electrode (4.2 V, 88.6% capacity retention after 3200 cycles at 100 mA g −1 ). Furthermore, the assembled graphite||Prussian blue full cell also maintains 80.3% capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 500 mA g −1 . This work provides a strategy for electrolyte design in potassium-ion batteries.
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Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology
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2026
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IF 1.6
Shi Yi,Xu Hongmei,Jiang Hanfeng,Li Wencan,Zhang Dongchuan,Tian Lu,Xiao Bi,Lin Junyi,Shao Yu,Zhang Weiyi,Wu Tianpu,Chen Yue,Zhang Weigang,Liao Xinbiao,Ma Kaijun,Chen Long
The authentication of death from mechanical asphyxia (DMA) remains a significant challenge in forensic pathology because of the lack of specific biomarkers. The present study identified fumarate hydratase (FH), a key tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme, as a potential biomarker associated with DMA and investigated its regulatory mechanism in the context of acute severe hypoxia. Western blot analysis of 87 human myocardial samples revealed that FH protein expression was significantly downregulated in DMA cases than in controls (hemorrhagic shock, brain injury, and other causes). These findings were independently validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a separate cohort of 118 human samples. The diagnostic performance of myocardial FH, evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, yielded an area under the curve of 0.8561, with 84.38% sensitivity and 70.93% specificity. In vitro experiments using AC16 cardiomyocytes revealed that hypoxia led to decreased FH expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, and this effect was reversed by the N-acetylcysteine antioxidant. FH downregulation resulted in significant accumulation of its substrate, fumarate, in human DMA myocardium, hypoxic cells, and culture medium. This subsequent accumulation of fumarate triggered the activation of the cytoprotective KEAP1–NRF2 pathway, as evidenced by NRF2 nuclear translocation and the upregulation of downstream antioxidant genes. Collectively, the present results support myocardial FH downregulation as a promising adjunctive biomarker associated with DMA and reveal a novel hypoxia–FH–fumarate–NRF2 axis, providing crucial insights into cellular responses to fatal hypoxic injury. Key points • FH expression is significantly reduced in myocardial tissue from mechanical asphyxia cases. • FH immunohistochemistry shows potential utility for the postmortem identification of mechanical asphyxia. • Hypoxia-induced FH suppression leads to fumarate accumulation in cardiomyocytes. • Fumarate accumulation activates the KEAP1–NRF2 antioxidant pathway.
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DIABETOLOGIA
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2026
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IF 10.4
Liu Zheting,Yin Houfa,Zhu Keyang,Shao Li,Wang Yiqiong,Yuan Yannan,Zhang Jiwei,Lin Shudong,Wang Qiuru,Jin Liang,Chen Jiong,Liu Qian,He Wenming,Ying Meidan,Zhang Ling
Aims/hypothesis Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), a newly discovered hepatokine involved in immunomodulation and inflammatory processes, has recently been implicated in diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis. However, the specific role and mechanism of LECT2 in diabetic retinopathy remain largely unclear. Methods A publicly available liquid biopsy proteomics dataset was reanalysed and validated using retinal samples from individuals with diabetic retinopathy. A LECT2-knockdown ( Lect2 +/− ) mouse model of diabetic retinopathy was established to evaluate the role of LECT2 in vivo. Retinal pathology was assessed by Periodic Acid–Schiff staining and H&E staining, and LECT2 expression was assessed by western blotting. In parallel, a high glucose (HG)-induced human Müller cell model was used to investigate the subcellular localisation and functional effects of LECT2. LECT2 expression and inflammatory signalling were analysed following LECT2 knockdown or overexpression, and its nucleus–cytoplasm distribution was examined by fractionation assays. The interaction between LECT2 and ribosomal protein S27a (RPS27A) was characterised by immunoprecipitation-MS, co-immunoprecipitation, molecular docking and split-GFP assays, followed by RPS27A silencing to assess its effects on inflammatory protein expression. Results Proteomic reanalysis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy liquid biopsy data identified 1479 upregulated proteins, with chemotaxis among the most significantly enriched Gene Ontology terms (false discovery rate <0.001). Among 17 chemotaxis-related candidate proteins, LECT2 emerged as a potential regulator of diabetes-associated inflammation, a finding further supported by its elevated expression in the retinas of individuals with diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic Lect2 +/− mice, LECT2 deficiency aggravated retinal microvascular injury and inflammatory responses. LECT2 was predominantly expressed in retinal Müller cells, implicating it in glia-associated retinal inflammation. In HG-treated human retinal Müller cells, RPS27A was identified as a downstream target of LECT2 and was upregulated under hyperglycaemic conditions. Mechanistically, HG stimulation increased the expression and nuclear accumulation of both LECT2 and RPS27A. LECT2 interacted with RPS27A at the Lys48 site, promoting its nuclear retention and limiting its cytoplasmic translocation. This, in turn, inhibited IκBα ubiquitination and degradation, thereby suppressing NF-κB-driven inflammatory signalling. Conclusions/interpretation Taken together, our studies indicated the protective role of LECT2 in diabetes-induced dysfunction of retinal Müller cells, supporting the feasibility of targeting LECT2 in the management of diabetic inflammation and microvasculopathy. Graphical
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