Polymer Chemistry
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2026
·
IF 3.9
Bole Chen,Xinyang Zhao,Yifan Liu,Xiangqi Xu,Luran Chun,Zhouju Zhong,Jun Nie,Jingfang Li
Achieving thick coatings (>200 μm) remains a significant challenge in the field of photopolymerization, primarily due to light attenuation. Despite the use of photobleaching initiators, rapid polymerization frequently results in the formation of a crosslinking gradient and the development of internal stresses, which adversely affect the mechanical properties, particularly the toughness, of the photo-cured materials. In this study, a novel macrocyclic photobleaching initiator [2](BPC)[2](C12) was developed specifically for thick-coating photopolymerization applications. In contrast to the photobleaching mechanism associated with the commercial initiator TPO, [2](BPC)[2](C12) exhibits a deeper color, which reduces light penetration and significantly decelerates the photobleaching rate, thereby generating a distinctive light-gating effect. This effect modulates the polymerization kinetics by inhibiting premature surface gelation and mitigating both the crosslinking density gradient and internal stress. As a result, the curing process is optimized in terms of uniformity, while maintaining a high degree of monomer crosslinking. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, this study employs density functional theory (DFT) calculations, steady-state photolysis, and in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, providing detailed insight into the photobleaching behavior and progressive curing mechanism of [2](BPC)[2](C12) in the presence of an EDB system. The findings from compression tests demonstrate that this progressive curing strategy significantly enhances the mechanical toughness of thick coatings. Specifically, for cylindrical poly(TMPTA) specimens (1 cm in diameter × 1 cm in height), the strain energy density increased from 0.6415 MPa to 0.9207 MPa, reflecting a 43.5% improvement. Moreover, the maximum strain exhibited a substantial increase, from 33% to 77%. This research not only introduces a new molecular platform for photopolymerization but also provides critical mechanistic insights that will aid in the rational design of high-performance photocuring systems for thick coatings.
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2026
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IF 12.8
Ping Zhang,Chenchen Zhao,Fei Jiang,Chuyang Wu,Tianqi Wang,Xing Xu,Mengjie Wu,Zhanli Chen,Youqin Zou
Green Fenton-like reactions based on monometallic single-atom dual-reaction-center systems have emerged as promising strategies for sustainable water purification owing to their oxidant-free operation and low energy demand. However, their practical deployment is often hindered by limited degradation kinetics and unresolved mechanisms. Here, we report a carbon nitride-supported Fe/Mn bimetallic catalyst composed of Fe nanoclusters and adjacent Mn single atoms (FeMn-CN) that enables ultrafast and self-sustaining pollutant degradation under oxidant-free conditions. The catalyst achieves 99.5% removal of bisphenol A (BPA) within 3 min, setting an ultrahigh rate to date among self-sustaining water purification systems. Combined experimental investigations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the reaction proceeds predominantly via a direct electron-transfer pathway. Fe nanoclusters serve as primary electron acceptors, extracting electrons from BPA without external oxidants, while adjacent Mn single atoms coordinated in Mn-N 4 sites synergistically enhance the electron-accepting capacity of Fe and substantially lower the charge-transfer energy barrier. This atomic-level cooperation endows FeMn-CN with exceptional activity across a broad pH range (pH 2-10), strong tolerance to complex water matrices, high selectivity toward electron-rich contaminants and facile regeneration. Furthermore, continuous-flow reactor tests and life-cycle assessment collectively verify the scalability and superior environmental sustainability of the FeMn-CN process. This work establishes an atomic-level design principle for electron-transfer-dominated self-sustaining remediation materials, advancing the development of next-generation oxidant-free water purification technologies.
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RSC Advances
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 14
·12524-12536
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IF 6.1
Zhaopeng Sun,Yaling Wu,Yingying Chen,Zhibo Li,Sen Lei,Yongyong Cao,Lianwen Zhu,Xuebo Cao,Zheng Yan
Previous studies have often focused on optimizing electrocatalytic performance by altering the type of metal centers or the morphological structure of catalysts to modulate their electronic structures and active sites. However, the precise regulation of metal valence states to enhance catalytic performance—particularly for trifunctional electrocatalysis in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)—remains in the exploratory stage. In this study, crystalline Co–N6 materials with controllable valence states were carefully selected as precursors. Through carbonization, Co–N–C materials with similar carbon frameworks but distinct metal valence states (Co2+ and Co3+) were successfully prepared. Both experimental tests and theoretical calculations demonstrate the superior trifunctional electrocatalytic performance of Co2+–N–C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide evidence for the more favorable intermediate adsorption energies and lower reaction energy barriers exhibited by Co2+–N–C. This performance advantage stems from the 3d7 electronic configuration of Co2+, which optimizes electron cloud density and strengthens Co–N bonding interactions. This work presents a new strategy for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts by elucidating the regulatory role of metal valence states.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Sicong Tan,Qian Feng,Jiarui Lu,Junfeng Wang,Zhaoyang Xu
The increasing global demand for renewable and sustainable energy has driven growing interest in hydrovoltaic energy generators (HEGs), which harvest electricity from naturally occurring water without relying on extensive infrastructure. Wood, with its anisotropic and hierarchical porous architecture, provides efficient pathways for water transport and ion migration, making it an attractive and sustainable platform for HEG applications. However, conventional wood-based evaporation-driven generators predominantly rely on streaming-potential effects arising from microscale fluid flow, while the contribution of surface-charge regulation and nanoscale transport within the wood cell walls remains limited. In this study, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation is employed to increase the density of carboxyl functional groups and, upon sufficiently prolonged oxidation, induce the formation of nanoscale pores within the wood cell walls, thereby strengthening interfacial charge interactions and facilitating ion transport under evaporation-driven water flow. As a result, the optimized TEMPO-treated wood (TW) delivers a maximum open-circuit voltage of 303.6 mV with a corresponding power density of 0.34 μW cm −2 . These results highlight the effectiveness of cell-wall-level chemical and structural engineering in enhancing hydrovoltaic performance, providing new insights for the development of scalable and sustainable wood-based energy harvesting systems.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
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2026
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IF 9.2
Chen Wang,Maoning Xu,Quanqi Yang,Ye Li,Wanjing Jia,Zhengwen Han,Jianjun Wang
UiO-66 exhibits exceptional stability compared to other metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), while its amino-functionalization enhances photocatalytic performance. Similarly, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) like the cyano-containing HDU-105 serve as ideal photocatalytic platforms due to their optoelectronic properties and ability to improve charge separation. In this study, we designed a series of core-shell structured UiO-66-NH2@HDU-105 heterojunctions for the efficient photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). We systematically investigated the optimal combination ratio, finding that a MOF@COF mass ratio of 2:1 achieved a maximum reduction efficiency exceeding 99 %, significantly outperforming individual UiO-66-NH2 (31 %) and HDU-105 (36 %). Mechanistic studies revealed that the composite operates via a Z-scheme charge transfer pathway, electrons transfer from the conduction band of UiO-66-NH2 to the valence band of HDU-105, while h⁺ accumulates in the UiO-66-NH2 region. Under acidic conditions, electrons attached to HDU-105 can directly reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Furthermore, the UiO-66-NH2@HDU-105 composite demonstrated excellent selectivity and long-term stability in both laboratory settings and real water matrices (groundwater and surface water). Ultimately, this study presents a viable design strategy for developing efficient and robust photocatalysts for heavy metal remediation.
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BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
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2026
·
IF 7
Lihang Yang,Yutao Wang,Mingfeng Chen,Dehao Li,Feng Wang,Liyuan Zhang,Yu Liang,Renjie Chen,Jun Li
To tackle UAV on-board electronics’ key pain points—single functionality, excessive weight, and poor thermal-electromagnetic integration—a sustainable multifunctional composite phase change aerogel (C-PCA) was developed via a dual biomass synergy: waste paper (WP) builds a macro load-bearing framework, while spent coffee grounds (SCG)-derived cellulose nanofibers (CNF) enable nanoscale cross-linking to jointly enhance structural stability. The fabrication involves three concise steps: directional freezing-freeze-drying to form CNF/WP aerogel, carbonization (700 °C, N 2 atmosphere) to obtain a porous carbonized aerogel (C-aerogel), and vacuum impregnation of PEG-1000 to prepare C-PCA. The optimal C-aerogel (Sample S1, WP/CNF mass ratio = 8:2) withstands a 200 g load without deformation; C-PCA retains a melting enthalpy of 130.2 J g −1 (91.8% of pure PEG-1000), reduces supercooling by 1.4 °C, and shows no leakage after heating at 60 °C for 120 min. Its thermal conductivity (351.4 mW m −1 K −1 , 1.5 times that of pure PEG-1000) ensures efficient heat transfer, while it reaches the phase transition temperature in 121 s under 1600 mW cm −2 simulated solar irradiation and 85 °C in 540 s under 15 V (UAV-adapted voltage). In the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz), C-PCA achieves 33.98 dB electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding (absorption-dominated, meeting UAV standards) and excellent infrared camouflage (surface temperature 23.1 °C, close to ambient 22.6 °C). This work realizes high-value utilization of waste biomass, providing a low-cost, eco-friendly solution for UAV on-board electronic systems.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 9.6
Hongxu Su,Shijie Liu,Sicheng Geng,Xu Xu,Xiao Wang,Qiong Gao,Mingyi Zhang,Xinzhi Ma,Lin Li
Electronic modulation in quantum-size catalysts plays a critical yet underexplored role in governing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs). Here, cobalt nanoparticles with tunable diameters (5–15 nm) encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Co@NCNTs) were engineered to elucidate how size-dependent orbital evolution dictates HER activity in alkaline media. We found that a smaller particle diameter results in a better charge transfer capability. Besides, the in-situ Raman spectroscopy shows that Co@NCNTs with an optimized diameter preserve a stable Co–N–C vibration at 690 cm −1 throughout HER, while transiently forming surface C–OH species—key intermediates that promote water dissociation. Inverse and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES/UPS) further reveal that the quantum-size-effect splits the d -band and gives rise to a stronger Co 3 d –O 2 p hybridization. This enhanced hybridization facilitates electronic delocalization across Co–N–C/O interfaces, enabling dynamic charge transfer that favors the formation and subsequent reduction of C–OH intermediates during HER. As a result, the optimized Co@NCNTs catalyst achieves an overpotential of only 33 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and delivers 550 h operational stability in a full AEMWE. These findings provide direct experimental evidence that quantum-size-tailored orbital coupling governs interfacial OH/H 2 , thereby linking spectroscopic insight with catalytic function and establishing a rational design principle for high-performance non-noble-metal catalysts.
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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 4.5
Pengxia Li,Zhifei Cao,Bin Xie,Guowei Yang,Yifei Ma,Mei Wang,Suotang Jia,Xuyuan Chen,Zhaomin Tong
Gas sensors play a vital role in human health monitoring, particularly for detecting disease-related biomarkers in exhaled breath. However, conventional metal-oxide semiconductor gas sensors face limitations in wearable respiratory monitoring applications due to their inflexibility and high heat loss. Here, we fabricated an Au-ZnO fibre-based gas sensor for the detection of ammonia (NH3), an indicator of kidney dysfunction. The device is constructed from a composite flexible fibre comprising a liquid-metal core and a silica cladding, onto which an Au-ZnO gas-sensing layer is synthesised in situ. Liquid metal directly conducts thermal energy to the insulating cladding through Joule heating, providing thermal energy to the gas-sensing layer. This design enables low heat loss and low-current operation while generating sufficient thermal energy to enhance the gas-sensing response. The resulting Au-ZnO fibre sensor exhibits a stable high response to NH3 (response of 2.2 to 2 ppm NH3) even under bending (bending radius of 15 mm). The response time and recovery time are 153 s and 156 s at a working temperature of 280 oC. This demonstrates that the Au-ZnO fibre sensor has good flexibility and suitability for wearable respiratory monitoring. To showcase its practical utility, a real-time monitoring sensor system was developed by designing a signal detection circuit, and the concentration of NH3 was monitored in real time through different coloured light-emitting diodes. This work presents a practical, home-based approach for respiratory monitoring of NH3 and offers a simple, effective solution to distinguish between healthy individuals and patients with different stages of kidney disease.
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Journal of Energy Storage
·
2026
·
IF 10.7
Fang Gao,Chunli Gou,Zhanxin Geng,Mingke Yang,Jing Zhang
The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for environmental protection and resource reutilization. However, traditional recycling routes normally involve complex processes and secondary pollution. In this study, we demonstrate an effective method combining hydrothermal relithiation with low-temperature thermal annealing to directly generate the spent LIBs. We create a lithium-rich environment for spent LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (NCM523) cathode particles using LiOH solution, followed by surface-doping Nb elements on the active particles for enhanced electrochemical performance. The upgraded NCM523 exhibits a satisfactory repaired specific capacity of 150 mAh g −1 and excellent cycling stability by retaining 75.3% of its capacity after 200 cycles, owing to the stable Nb-doped structure. Hydrothermal relithiation combined with short thermal annealing reduces the temperature and time required for direct regeneration and shows priority in techno-economic and environmental analysis, which can be extended to regenerate spent LiCoO 2 (LCO) cathode. This simple and efficient treatment expands the feasibility of direct regeneration and offers a promising strategy for regenerating spent LIBs.
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Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Ge Tian,Wanqing Zhang,Dafan Zhu,Jinhua Pan,Wei Qu,Yingwei Wang,Lina Zhou
Metschnikowia pulcherrima has been studied and applied in winemaking in recent years, but its application in icewine fermentation has rarely been reported. In this study, the tolerance and β-glucosidase activities of indigenous M. pulcherrima strain were first detected. The results show that, except for a relatively low tolerance to ethanol [limited to 4% (v/v)], the other tolerance is good to the fermentation of icewine; the cell wall-bound and extracellular β-glucosidase activities of M. pulcherrima strain were 35.93 nmol/mL (1.28 U) and 14.31 nmol/mL (0.42 U), respectively. M. pulcherrima and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (commercial and indigenous) strains were sequentially inoculated for icewine fermentations; meanwhile, pure S. cerevisiae fermentations were used as the control. The results showed that M. pulcherrima was completely replaced by S. cerevisiae in the middle and late stages of mixed culture fermentations of icewine. Compared with the icewine fermented with pure S. cerevisiae, the concentration of acetic acid and ethanol was lower, and the concentration of glycerol was higher in the mixed culture fermented icewines. After inoculation with M. pulcherrima, the levels of several important volatile compounds increased significantly, including β-damascenone, trans-rose oxide, isobutanol, isoamyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and some ethyl esters (ethyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl 9-decenoate). The pleasant fruity and flowery characteristics of mixed-fermentation icewine was intensified.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Yulin Jiang,Xiaoqiao Yang,Changshun Xu,Xuetong Liu,Tong Ye,Zheng Xi,Jing Gao,Haihang Ye,Tingrui Pan
The ability to monitor cholesterol in biofluids is essential for health management, including the prevention of chronic diseases. Wearable sweat biosensors offer a noninvasive and continuous means of monitoring disease biomarkers, however, the inherently low cholesterol concentration in sweat poses a significant challenge for sensitive detection. In this study, a wearable cholesterol biosensor combining cholesterol oxidase with Pd Ir nanozymes as a cascade sensing unit was developed for continuous monitoring of cholesterol in sweat. The Pd Ir nanozyme, synthesized via seed-mediated growth and selective etching, has a unique icosahedral hollow cage structure and exhibits peroxidase-mimicking activity with catalytic efficiency much higher than its core-shell and natural counterparts. A detection limit of 0.22 μM with a dynamic range of 0–15.5 μM was achieved by the developed cholesterol biosensor in artificial sweat, covering the physiological range in human sweat. Furthermore, the integrated device was validated through volunteer testing after dietary cholesterol intake and exercise, confirming its effectiveness for real-time, dynamic monitoring of sweat cholesterol during daily activities. The wearable sensing strategy based on coupling the nanozyme and enzymes holds great promise for noninvasive and sensitive lipid monitoring and personalized health management across a range of physiological and pathological conditions.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Yingfei Liu,Xirui Pei,Lingxuan Ma,Zhao Geng,Yixin Ma,Di Chen,Jinchao Wei
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are ubiquitous pharmaceutical contaminants frequently detected in aquatic environments and medicinal products, raising increasing concerns regarding their chronic ecological toxicity and potential human health risks through long-term exposure. However, accurate exposure assessment of NSAIDs is often hindered by their trace-level occurrence and strong matrix interferences in complex samples. To address these analytical challenges, this study created a new polypyrrole-modified cotton fiber via a controlled oxidative polymerization process, leading to the construction of a fiber-supported stick microextraction (FS-SME) device. Owing to the synergistic contribution of π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and pseudo‑hydrogen bonding, the sorbent materials exhibited exceptional mechanical stability and a high adsorption capacity toward NSAIDs (up to 45.25 mg/g). Adsorption kinetics and isotherm analyses revealed that the enrichment process was dominated by rapid monolayer chemisorption, ensuring efficient and reproducible extraction. Under optimized conditions, the FS-SME-HPLC method provided satisfactory recoveries (62.6%–75.4%), low detection limits (0.2–2.5 ng/mL), and excellent linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.992) within a 5 mL sample system, while also exhibiting good reusability and batch-to-batch consistency. Overall, this work introduced a new cotton fiber functional material and delivered a reliable device for risk-informed environmental monitoring of NSAIDs in complex matrices, thereby supporting risk management and regulatory decision-making for pharmaceutical contaminants.
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