ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2020
·
IF 7.632
Xueqin Zhang,Sarah Keck,Yujie Qi,Stefan Baudis,Yuxia Zhao
Under natural light, lignin can produce a small amount of free radicals, resulting in yellowing of lignin-related products. However, the activity of these free radicals is very low, so that few studies on exploring the application potential of lignin as photoinitiator (PI) in photopolymerization have been reported. In this study, based on dealkaline lignin (DAL), two alkylated DAL (DAL-11ene and DAL-12ane) were synthesized through facile one-step esterification reactions between DAL and undecanoyl chloride or dodecanoyl chloride. The photoinitiation properties of DAL, DAL-11ene, and DAL-12ane were investigated by real-time FTIR spectroscopy and NIR-photorheology using 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate as a monomer. The formation of reactive species was elucidated by laser flash photolysis and electron spin resonance. The results indicated that DAL itself showed a certain photoinitiating ability, especially when it was combined with an amine co-initiator, while both DAL-11ene and DAL-12ane presented much higher photoinitiating efficiencies compared with DAL. Moreover, DAL-11ene containing a polymerizable group could be bonded into the network of final polymer products, which can increase their biosafety. 3D structures of polyacrylates were fabricated successfully using DAL-11ene and DAL-12ane as PIs through digital light processing 3D printing upon 405 nm exposure, indicating their large potentials in photopolymerization.
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Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
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2020
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IF 0.973
Shuang Feng Li,Huai Wang,Jia Li Chen,Hui Xia Zhu,Ri-Sheng Yao,Huan Wu
Background: Lignin is the largest natural aromatic polymer in nature and is also a unique aromatic-based biopolymer, accountingfor nearly 30% of the earth’s organic carbon. Generally, lignin is regarded as waste and is mainly used as a low- valuefuel that is burned to generate heat and energy to solve the problem of biomass waste; for this obstacle of lignin,highly efficient biodegradation plays a critical role in developing an environmentally friendly technique for lignin biotransformation. Objectives: This study intends to isolate and purify several microbial strains from nature. It also explores how their lignin degradationis able to enhance the biodegradation and recycling of biomass and the reclamation of lignin in wastewater from pulp and paper mills. Materials and Methods: Lignin-degrading microbial strains were isolated from soil using medium containing sodium lignosulphonate as the sole carbonsource. They were then screened by aniline blue and guaiacol plate, and then the best strain was chosen and identified.The conventional one-factor method was used to optimize various parameters that affect lignin’s degradation ability. Results: The strain possessing the highest lignin biodegradation ability was identified and denominated as Aspergillus Flavus F-1. After optimization, the maximum degradation rate of lignin, 44.6% within 3 days, was obtained at pH 7.0, 30 ℃, 2.5 g·L -1 ammoniumsulfate, 2 g·L -1 lignin and 0.5 g·L -1 glucose. The results show the LiP and Lac secreted from Aspergillus Flavus F-1 played the main role in the degradation of lignin. Conclusion: One microbial strain, Aspergillus Flavus F-1, was successfully isolated with a lignin-degrading abilitythat can cut the lignin into fragments. This provides a promising candidate for the transformation and utilization of crop waste biomass for various industrial purposes.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2020
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IF 3.573
Shaoqi Yang,Guangming Cai,Xingmei Lu,Chenguang Wang,Mi Feng,Junli Xu,Qing Zhou,Jiayu Xin,Longlong Ma
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin-derived phenols and dimeric ethers to biofuels has great significance for advanced utilization of renewable lignocelluloses and the future biobased economy. Herein, we find that the deoxygenation process during the lignin-derived model compound HDO process could efficiently be catalyzed by low-cost protic ionic liquids under mild conditions. 2-Hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylethanaminium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BHEM]CF3SO3) shows the highest catalytic activity for the deoxygenation reaction during the lignin-derived compound HDO process with Rh/C as the hydrogenation catalyst. The conversion of phenol is 100% under 4 MPa H2 at 130 °C for 6 h, and the yield of cyclohexane is 93.3%. Furthermore, the catalytic system with [BHEM]CF3SO3 as the deoxygenation catalyst and Rh/C as the hydrogenation catalyst demonstrates efficient catalytic activity for various lignin-derived phenols and dimeric ethers with ≥99.0% conversion and >90.0% selectivity. The catalytic system is reused five times for HDO of phenol to test its stability.
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RSC Advances
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2020
·Vol. 10
·期 14
·8558-8567
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IF 3.119
Jindong Wang,Wenzhi Li,Huizhen Wang,Ajibola Temitope Ogunbiyi,Xiaomeng Dou,Qiaozhi Ma
To improve the utilization of lignin, much effort has been devoted to lignin depolymerization with the aim to decrease waste and enhance profitability. Here, a dual property (acid and base) catalyst, namely S2O82−–K2O/TiO2, was carefully researched. Upon loading S2O82− and K2O onto TiO2, acid and base sites emerged, and S2O82− and K2O mutually enhanced the acid and base strengths of the catalyst enormously; this indeed facilitated lignin depolymerization. Under appropriate conditions, the yields of liquid product, petroleum ether soluble (PE-soluble) product and total monomer products were 83.76%, 50.4% and 28.96%, respectively. The constituents of the PE-soluble fraction, which are mainly monomers and dimers, can be used as liquid fuels or additives. In addition, after the catalyst was modified by Ni, better results were obtained. Surprisingly, it was found that the Ni enhanced not only the hydrogenation capacity but also the acidity. The highest high heating value (HHV) of the liquid product (33.6 MJ kg−1) was obtained, and the yield of PE-soluble product increased from 50.4 to 56.4%. The product can be utilized as a fuel additive or be converted to bio-fuel. This catalysis system has significant potential in the conversion of lignin to bio-fuel.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 7
·5441-5454
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IF 3.741
Yingqi Heng,Nianrong Feng,Yexin Liang,Dongying Hu
Summary Shaped-stabilized reversible thermochromic phase change materials of (TBC-LB, TBB-LB) were assembled by impregnation the TBC (crystal violet lactone/bisphenol A/tetradecanol) or TBB (3,3′-Bis (1-n-octyl-2-methylindol-3-yl) phthalide/bisphenol A/tetradecanol) into lignin-retained bamboo (LB) for energy storage. Analysis of the chemical structure of lignin-retained wood showed that the removal of part of lignin from the bamboo contributes to the penetration of the compound, and the partial retention of lignin is advantageous for maintaining high mechanical properties. The SEM micrographs of TBC-LB and TBB-LB indicate that TBC and TBB are well immersed into the porous LB. The TBC-LB showed an endothermic peak at 40.8°C with Δ H m of 113.3 J g −1 and two exothermic peaks at 28.8°C and 21.9°C with Δ H L+S of 110.2 J g −1 , and the value is basically equal to the pure TBC compound, indicating that TBC has been fully immersed in LB to form a composite phase change material. For phase change latent heat and melting-cooling temperature, TBB-LB and TBC-LB showed the same trend. About 100 heating-cooling cycles were performed to evaluate the reliability of TBC-LB and TBB-LB, showing excellent cycle stability. It is foreseen that the prepared shape-stable TBC-LB and TBB-LB have great potential for applying insulation systems in reversible thermochromic phase change energy storage.
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RSC Advances
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2020
·Vol. 10
·期 3
·1249-1260
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IF 3.119
Xiaohuan Liu,Xia He,Jiantao Zhang,Jiayao Yang,Xiaofei Xiang,Zhongqing Ma,Lina Liu,Enmin Zong
Removing excess phosphorus is a highly effective method to prevent eutrophication in contaminated water. However, the design and preparation of an efficient biosorbent for phosphate capture is still a great challenge. We fabricated a novel, and inexpensive nano-biosorbent, L-NH2@Ce, by loading cerium oxide nanoparticles (nano-CeO2) within the aminated lignin using a facile in situ precipitation approach for efficient phosphate removal. The as-designed nano-biosorbent L-NH2@Ce exhibited a BET surface area (SBET) of 89.8 m2 g−1, 3 times that of lignin, and a pore volume (Vp) of 0.23 cm3 g−1. Owing to these results, the adsorption capacity of L-NH2@Ce increased by 14-fold to 27.86 mg g−1 compared with lignin (1.92 mg g−1). Moreover, the L-NH2@Ce can quickly reduce a high phosphate concentration of 10 ppm to well below the discharge standard of 0.5 ppm recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Importantly, a study of leaching tests indicated the negligible risk of Ce ion leakage during phosphate adsorption over the wide pH range of 4–9. Moreover, L-NH2@Ce exhibits good reusability and retains 90% of removal efficiency after two adsorption–desorption cycles. The environmentally benignity of the raw material, the simple preparation process, and the high stability and reusability makes L-NH2@Ce a promising nano-biosorbent for phosphate removal.
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Sustainable Energy & Fuels
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2020
·Vol. 4
·期 11
·5588-5594
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IF 5.503
Shi Qiu,Meng Wang,Yunming Fang,Tianwei Tan
Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising lignin-first biorefinery strategy that yields a deeply depolymerized lignin and nearly theoretical amounts of lignin monomers with reductive catalysts. Theoretically, the immediate stabilization with a catalyst is a key step in the RCF process, but the experimental support is lacking and few researchers have investigated the timeliness of stabilization. In this study, an on-line catalyst addition device was used to realize the flexible addition of a catalyst at different times in a high-pressure batch reactor. It was found that immediate stabilization is definitely indispensable for high lignin monomer yield, and the timeliness of stabilization mainly depends on the occurrence of repolymerization. Fast repolymerization occured at temperatures from 200 °C to 250 °C and more seriously around 250 °C, suggesting that the RCF process can be realized as long as adding the catalyst occurs before the temperature reaches 200 °C. Further this proves the feasibility of splitting delignification and stabilization/hydrogenation processes, and explains the reason for the reaction temperatures used in effective semi-continuous RCF processes at lower than 200 °C.
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ACS Omega
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2020
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IF 2.87
Baojie Liu,Chengrong Qin,Fuqiang Zhang,Shuo Wang,Chen Liang,Shuangxi Nie,Shuangfei Wang,Shuangquan Yao
In fact, the chemical reaction rate of traditional chlorine dioxide bleaching of pulp is too fast to observe the intermediate process. The mechanism behind the reaction of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone (APO), a phenolic lignin model compound, with high concentrations of chlorine dioxide was investigated. Individual solutions of each compound and a mixture of the two were analyzed by UV–vis spectrophotometry, and an absorbance band at 260 nm was observed for the stable benzoquinone intermediates at room temperature. Free chlorine dioxide displayed an absorbance at 360 nm and changes in this absorbance were studied with different APO concentrations. A fixed molar ratio of 1:3 was obtained between APO and chlorine dioxide consumption. The intermediate absorbance demonstrated a linear relationship with the APO concentration. The reaction path between APO and chlorine dioxide at high concentrations was speculated, and it was observed that the activity of C1, C2, C3, C5, and C6 on the APO benzene ring was enhanced when high concentrations of chlorine dioxide were present. From these results, a new method for efficient and clean chlorine dioxide bleaching can be developed.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2020
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IF 5.162
Zihao Ma,Xinyue Xing,Zheng Qu,Yang Sun,Guangwei Sun,Xing Wang,Ying Han
Lignin is utilized as a carbon precursor to produce microporous lignin-derived carbon-based solid acid (MLC-S) ZnCl 2 activation and sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid . The effects of reaction conditions, namely the ratio of methanol to oleic acid , carbonization temperature, and catalyst dosage, on the efficiency of the esterification of oleic acid with methanol are investigated. As a carbon-based solid acid, the MLC-S offers high catalytic activity in the esterification , which is a crucial reaction in the synthesis of biodiesel. Compared with nonactivated lignin-derived carbon-based solid acid (LC-S), the highly porous structure of the MLC-S makes its active sites more accessible and ensures its excellent catalytic performance. Under the optimal conditions, the esterification of oleic acid with methanol reaches a conversion of 92.3%. Moreover, after recycling the MLC-S for five times, the extent of the esterification reaction is still as high as 72.9%. Obviously, the synthesized MLC-S has considerable potential for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol and thus for biodiesel production.
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高影响因子
CELLULOSE
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2020
·Vol. 27
·期 15
·8757-8768
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IF 4.21
Peng Xiongyi,Wu Zijun,Li Zhili
Abstract Lignocellulosic materials have received wide interest in adsorption of contaminants in water due to their abundance, eco-friendliness, and low cost. However, the development of new adsorbents from lignocellulose with excellent performance is still a big challenge. In this work, a new bowl-shaped biosorbent (BSB) with surface functionality is prepared from lignin that is extracted from the abundant sugarcane bagasse. The product is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrum, thermo gravimetric analysis and N 2 adsorption techniques. The results show that the obtained BSB is obviously bowl-shaped in microscale with an enlarged surface area, and contains numerous oxygen and nitrogen functional groups. It exhibits an enhanced adsorption capacity toward Cd 2+ that is 3.2 times of the original lignin. The adsorption process of Cd 2+ by the BSB is well fitted by the Freundlich isothermal model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The adsorption mechanism involves surface complexation, ion-exchange, electrostatic attraction, chemical precipitation and physical adsorption, etc., among them, the surface complexation is the rate-controlling step. Moreover, it shows a good reusability during five repeated cycling for Cd 2+ adsorption. Graphic abstract
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MOLECULES
·
2020
·Vol. 25
·期 9
·2109
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IF 3.267
Changzhou Chen,Peng Liu,Haihong Xia,Minghao Zhou,Jiaping Zhao,Brajendra K. Sharma,Jianchun Jiang
It is of great importance to explore the selective hydrogenolysis of β-O-4 linkages, which account for 45–60% of all linkages in native lignin, to produce valued-added chemicals and fuels from biomass employing UV light as catalyst. TiO2exhibited satisfactory catalytic performances in various photochemical reactions, due to its versatile advantages involving high catalytic activity, low cost and non-toxicity. In this work, 20 wt.% Ni/TiO2and oxidant PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate) were employed to promote the cleavage of β-O-4 alcohol to obtain high value chemicals under UV irradiation at room temperature. The Ni/TiO2photocatalyst can be magnetically recovered and efficiently reused in the following four consecutive recycling tests in the cleavage of β-O-4 ether bond in lignin. Mechanism studies suggested that the oxidation of β-O-4 alcohol to β-O-4 ketone by oxidant PCC first occurred during the reaction, and was followed by the photocatalysis of the obtained β-O-4 ketone to corresponding acetophenone and phenol derivates. Furthermore, the system was tested on a variety of lignin model substrates containing β-O-4 linkage for the generation of fragmentation products in good to excellent results.Keywords:lignin;β-O-4;photocatalyst;Ni/TiO2;oxidant PCC
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 11.889
Feiyun Li,Yuxia Pang,Hongming Lou,Xueqing Qiu
Recycling cellulase can reduce the cost of lignocellulosic enzymatic hydrolysis. Here, a lignin-grafted sulfobetaine (LSB) was first synthesized by grafting sulfobetaine (SB) on enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL). LSB had a sensitive response of pH and temperature. LSB dissolved under the conditions of lignocellulosic enzymatic hydrolysis (pH 5.0, 50 °C). After hydrolysis, LSB co-precipitated with cellulase when lowering pH of the hydrolysate to 4.0 and cooling to 25 °C. When 3.0 g/L LSB-100 was added to the hydrolysis system of corncob residue (CCR), 70 % of amount of cellulase was saved. LSB had a remarkable response and stronger cellulase recovery capacity. This was attributed that carboxylate radical in LSB was protonated, and positive and negative ions of SB associated to form salt at 25 °C. This work provides a new idea for reducing the cost for preparing fermentable sugars from lignocellulose, and increasing the added value of EHL.
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