Small
·
2024
·Vol. 20
·期 32
·2312003
·
IF 13
Mohammad Nisar,Adeel Abbas,Junze Zhang,Fu Li,Zhuanghao Zheng,Guangxing Liang,Ping Fan,Yue-Xing Chen
Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of n-type polycrystalline SnSe is essential, addressing challenges posed by elevated thermal conductivity and compromised power factor inherent in its intrinsic p-type characteristics. This investigation utilized solid-state reactions and spark plasma sintering techniques for the synthesis of n-type SnSe. A significant improvement in the figure of merit (ZT) is achieved through strategic reduction in Se concentration and optimization of crystal orientation. The co-doping with Br and Ge further improves the material; Br amplifies carrier concentration, enhancing electrical conductivity, while Ge introduces effective phonon scattering centers. In the Br/Ge co-doped SnSe sample, thermal conductivity dropped to 0.38 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹, yielding a remarkable power factor of 662 µW mK − 2 at 773 K, culminating in a ZT of 1.34. This signifies a noteworthy 605% improvement over the pristine sample, underscoring the pivotal role of Ge doping in enhancing n-type material thermoelectric properties. The enhancement is attributed to Br doping introducing additional electronic states near the valence band, and Ge doping modifying the band structure, fostering resonant states near the conduction band. The Br/Ge co-doping further transforms the band structure, influencing electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity, advancing the understanding and application of n-type SnSe materials for superior thermoelectric performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
热电材料
·
固体物理
·
凝聚态物理
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 8.128
Rui Li,Shuqing Nie,Chang Miao,Yu Xin,Houyi Mou,Guanli Xu,Wei Xiao
The nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) coating encapsulating heterostructural Sn/SnO 2 microcube powders (Sn/SnO 2 @NC) are successfully fabricated through hydrothermal, polymerization of hydrogel, and carbonization processes, in which the SnO precursor powders exhibit regular microcube structure and uniform size distribution in the presence of optimized N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O (3.0 mL of 1.0 mol/L). Interestingly, the precursor powders are easily subjected to a disproportionated reaction to yield the desirable heterostructural Sn/SnO 2 @NC microcube powders after being calcined at 600 °C in N 2 atmosphere in the presence of home-made hydrogel. The coin cells assembled with the Sn/SnO 2 @NC electrode present a high initial discharge specific capacity (1058 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 ), improved rate capability (an excellent D Li+ value of 2.82 × 10 -15 cm 2 s −1 ) and enhanced cycling stability (a reversible discharge specific capacity of 486.5 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g −1 ). The enhanced electrochemical performance can be partly ascribed to the heterostructural microcube that can accelerate the transfer rate of lithium ions by shortening the transmission paths, and be partly to the NC coating that can accommodate the volume effect and contribute to partial lithium storage capacity. Therefore, the strategy may be able to extend the fabrication of Sn/SnO 2 heterostructural microcube powders and further application as promising anode materials in lithium ion batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.1
Jianwei Ji,Qiuyi Lu,Tianyao Liu,Yunlong Hu,Lian-li Zou,Guoguang Xu,Maoxiang Jing
Succinonitrile (SN) electrolyte is emerging as an ideal candidate for solid-state electrolytes due to its high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical stability window, and low cost. However, severe side reactions with lithium metal and poor mechanical strength have significantly hindered the rapid development of SN-based electrolytes. In this study, an in situ thermal polymerization technique was employed to integrate SN with cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), yielding a composite solid electrolyte that combines high ionic conductivity with excellent mechanical properties. The optimized SN-PMMA50 electrolyte achieves a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 2.95 × 10 −4 S cm −1 , an electrochemical stability window of 4.75 V, a lithium-ion transference number of 0.68, and a tensile strength of 165 MPa. Furthermore, the introduction of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)-forming additive significantly suppresses the side reactions between SN and the lithium anode. The optimized SN-PMMA50-FEC30 composite electrolyte exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and cycling stability. The assembled Li/LiFePO 4 solid-state battery retains 96% capacity after 200 cycles at room temperature. The incorporation of PMMA and FEC markedly enhances the mechanical properties of the electrolyte and the stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface, which provides a highly promising strategy for the application of SN-based polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries.
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高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Wei Feng,Jian Zhang,Yong Xiao,Peng Cao,Guoqiang Luo,Qiang Shen
Active metal brazing of Si 3 N 4 /Cu joints typically forms a rigid TiN/Ti 5 Si 3 interface that suffers from significant thermal mismatch. This study demonstrates an alternative strategy for engineering the interfacial reaction pathway using a (Cu20Sn) 100-x Ti x filler. A distinct Cu 2 Ti 4 O interfacial layer formed through oxygen participation in the interfacial reaction during brazing. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that the Ti-O reactions possess a significantly greater driving force than conventional Ti-N and Ti-Si reactions. The resulting Cu 2 Ti 4 O phase establishes a beneficial coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) gradient across the joint, thereby effectively mitigating interfacial thermal stress. Joint brazed with 5 wt% Ti achieved the highest shear strength of 137.3 MPa, which is attributed to the optimized morphology of a discontinuous Cu 2 Ti 4 O layer and the reduced brittle CuSn 3 Ti 5 precipitation. These results demonstrate a new approach for interfacial engineering of non-oxide ceramic joints, confirming that trace oxygen can act as an effective microstructural modifier.
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DOI
高影响因子
Solar RRL
·
2022
·Vol. 6
·期 12
·2200721
·
IF 9.173
Hang Hu,Jiyao Zhang,Yulan Huang,Deng Wang,Dongyang Li,Jiabang Chen,Jiawen Wu,Luozheng Zhang,Xianyong Zhou,Bihua Hu,Xingzhu Wang,Jianyong Ouyang,Baomin Xu
There have been a number of remarkable signs of progress achieved in tin–lead mixed narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to the high theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) and their promising application in tandem devices. Indeed, Sn–Pb mixed PSCs without a hole transport layer (HTL) also have been more attractive owing to lower cost and simplification of the device structure. However, the defects in perovskite film introduced by Sn 2+ oxidation severely restrict device efficiency and stability.Herein, a small organic molecule, 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol, is employed to passivate perovskite ( E g = 1.26 eV) surface to decrease the interfacial defects and suppress the nonradiative carrier recombination. Furthermore, by regulating energy-level alignment, charge carrier extraction is greatly facilitated. The device performance is significantly enhanced in that the champion PCE is enlarged to 21.43% with an open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.876 V from only 18.02% with a V oc of 0.770 V. The stability of unencapsulated devices is improved substantially as well while retaining 80% PCE of its initial value after being stored in the glovebox for around 600 h. This facile but highly effective strategy successfully proposes the promising development of HTL-free Sn–Pb mixed PSCs.
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Advanced Materials Interfaces
·
2022
·Vol. 9
·期 9
·2102474
·
IF 6.389
Yu Dong,Yueheng Qi,Wenqing Zhao,Shaohui Yuan,Zihao Zeng,Yue Yang,Wei Sun,Peng Ge
As potential candidates, metal sulfides display strong storage abilities but suffer from serious volume swelling and polysulfide shuttling. Especially rich-sulfur materials, inferior reversible conversion reactions (from MS 2 to MS with S) can bring about major formation of sulfur. Herein, cubic-like Sn–Co–S materials with SnO 2 as catalyst are designed with various dimensional carbon. The as-resulted samples display uniform distributed particle size (≈5 µm), while cross-linked Sn–Co–S@carbon is successfully formed due to its rich surficial groups. Significantly, the formation of chemical bonds about Sn/Co–S–C is noted, facilitating ions/e-transfering and architecture enhancing. Meanwhile, owing to the endothermic effect of carbon, SnO 2 finally resulted, effectively limiting the so-called “shuttling effect” of polysulfide. Utilized as sodium-ion anodes, the optimized samples can deliver a capacity of 490 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 and ≈400 mAh g −1 above at 5.0 A g −1 . Assisted by the detailed kinetic analysis, it can be confirmed that the improvements of surface-controlling behaviors mainly come from the interfacial chemical bonds and strong-polar metal-oxides bonds. This work is expected to illustrate the roles of interfacial design and metal oxide catalysts for advanced energy storage materials.
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DALTON TRANSACTIONS
·
2022
·Vol. 51
·期 25
·9728-9734
·
IF 4.569
Dong Zhang,Shen-Jing Ji,Yu Cao,Nian-Tzu Suen
In this work, we have demonstrated that one can control the intrinsic activity of Ni metal toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by simply alloying Ni with different elements (i.e. Ti, Ge or Sn). The HER activities of Ni3M (M = Ti, Ge and Sn) series and Ni metal follow the order of Ni3Ti (η10 = 68 mV) > Ni3Sn (η10 = 122 mV) > Ni3Ge (η10 = 161 mV) > Ni (η10 = 273 mV). After normalizing their HER performances based on the roughness factor (RF), it was realized that Ni3Ti and Ni3Sn both exhibit higher intrinsic HER activities than that of Ni metal while Ni3Ge displays the worst HER performance. This trend was later rationalized by using density functional theory (DFT) calculation, which showed that blending Ni with Ti, Ge or Sn elements will alter the corresponding electronic structure and bonding scheme. Such a change in the bonding scheme (i.e. bonding state or antibonding state) will influence the adsorption energy of the H atom (ΔGHad) on an active site and is the main cause of the synergetic effect that results in the different HER efficiencies of Ni3M (M = Ti, Ge and Sn). Through the present case study, it was recognized that alloying is a simple yet effective strategy to promote the HER activity of an electrocatalyst. With a suitable combination between elements, it helps single metals (e.g. Co or Ni metal) exceed the limits on their intrinsic HER activities and has the potential to replace noble metals (e.g. Pt, Ir and Ru) in the future.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2021
·
IF 4.527
Hongrong Mei,Liangbin Zhang,Chunchun Li,Zhenggang Rao,Longlong Shu
Two garnet-structured Ca 3 MgBGe 3 O 12 (B = Zr, Sn) ceramics with tetravalent cations at B-site were prepared by conventional solid state reaction. The crystal structure, microstructure evolution, and microwave dielectric performance were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, Rietveld refinement , scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy , and infrared spectroscopy techniques . Dense Ca 3 MgZrGe 3 O 12 and Ca 3 MgSnGe 3 O 12 ceramics were obtained at sintering temperatures of 1420 and 1400 °C, respectively. The dielectric constant, unloaded quality factor, and temperature coefficient of resonance frequency of Ca 3 MgZrGe 3 O 12 were 10.80 ± 0.2; 79,600 ± 1000 GHz ( f = 12.61 GHz); and −66.8 ± 1 ppm/°C, respectively, and the corresponding values for Ca 3 MgSnGe 3 O 12 were 9.68 ± 0.2; 83,400 ± 1000 GHz ( f = 14.19 GHz); and −57.9 ± 1 ppm/°C, respectively. The dielectric performances of the two ceramics were compared by analyzing the ionic polarizability, packing fraction, and bond valence. The intrinsic dielectric properties were predicted by fitting the infrared reflectivity spectra.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2021
·
IF 6.186
Wenbin Li,Jida Wang,Zhen Wang,Jie Chen,Xiaoan Nie,Zhangshuai Ding,Dechao Wang,Zhifeng Zheng,Yunwu Zheng,Jianchun Jiang
Pt–Sn–Ce/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts were synthesized by the impregnation method and used to produce aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs)-rich bio-oil via catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose . The upgraded products were on-line analyzed by pyrolysis-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC × GC/MS). It was found that Pt–Sn–Ce/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts were effective for improving the relative content of AHs in bio-oil. Especially, Pt–Sn–Ce/γ-Al 2 O 3 contributed the highest AHs content (85.82%), which was 3 times than that of γ-Al 2 O 3 , and increased 85.44% compared with non-catalytic. In addition, Pt–Sn–Ce/γ-Al 2 O 3 and Pt–Sn/γ-Al 2 O 3 can generate the highest monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) with the relative content of 60.24% and 51.92%, respectively. Pt–Sn–Ce/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst can be reused five times with stable catalytic activity to produce AHs-rich bio-oil.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 25
·期 3
·1111-1120
·
IF 2.647
Wang Zhiwei,Ru Juanjian,Hua Yixin,Bu Jiaojiao,Geng Xiao,Zhang Wenwen
Tin (Sn) powders with pyramid chain and dendrite structures are successfully prepared by electrodeposition in choline chloride-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-EG DES) at 343 K. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that increasing SnCl 2 concentration from 30 to 70 mM is favorable for the reduction of Sn(II) ions to metallic Sn on Ni electrode. The roles of current density (10–30 mA·cm −2 ) and SnCl 2 concentration (30–70 mM) on the current efficiency and energy consumption are discussed during the electrodeposition of Sn powders. Experimental results show that the current efficiency and energy consumption are 88.7% and 347.1 kW·h·t −1 , respectively at 20 mA·cm −2 and 50 mM SnCl 2 . Besides, the micromorphology and crystal structure of Sn powders are analyzed by FESEM and XRD. Morphology analysis manifests that pyramid chains and dendrites in length of 30–220 μm are the dominate morphologies and the formation mechanism of the pyramid chain is also discussed. Moreover, XRD analysis and crystal texture reveal that metallic Sn is obtained with a body-centered tetragonal crystal structure. The (101) plane is the preferred at higher current density, while the (200) plane gets the strongly preferred orientation as SnCl 2 concentration increases. Graphical abstract
Sn powders electrodeposited from SnCl 2 -ChCl-EG solution and growth mechanism of the pyramid chain structure.
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SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2020
·
IF 6.984
Yaxin Deng,Shuxian Li,Xin Li,Rui Wang
Effective electron transport layers (ETLs) provide enhanced charge separation and transport, therefore as a vital part in improving the efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report a new synergistic strategy using HI to passivate TiO 2 film and surface while incorporating tin element into TiO 2 ETL. HI is first used to control the hydrolysis of TiO 2 precursors and eliminate oxygen vacancies related trap states. Then, tin element is incorporated into HI-passivated TiO 2 precursor solution to construct composite TiO 2 /SnO 2 film, affording increased electron mobility and suitable energy level. Moreover, the entire preparation process is performed under uncontrolled environmental conditions at 150 °C temperatures. Benefiting from the improved quality of the ETLs, the unencapsulated PSCs achieve optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.77% with greatly improved stability. After storage in ambient for 1450 h, the device still maintains 92% of its initial efficiency, while hold 79% PCE after 7 h of 1 sun exposure and 86% PCE after heating at 100 °C for 21 h.
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高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 6.7
Hongbo Yu,Shuibo Wang,Lin Zhu,Chunzheng Wu
Pt nanocatalysts exhibits superior activity towards the hydrogenation reaction of halonitrobenzenes (HNBs), but the selectivity to the valuable product haloanilines (HANs) is always poor due to the unavoidable dehalogenation process. In this study, we find that coating a thin Sn layer on Pt nanoparticles (NPs) could improve not only the hydrogenation activity but also the selectivity to HANs. These core–shell structured Pt@Sn NPs with different Sn shell thickness were synthesized by one-pot reduction, and their catalytic performance in the hydrogenation reaction of p -chloronitrobenzene to p -chloroaniline could be effectively regulated by the Pt/Sn ratio. The catalyst with a Pt/Sn ratio of 5/1 achieved the highest p -chloronitrobenzene conversion (96.5 %) and excellent selectivity to p -chloroaniline (97.9 %). The kinetic study and H 2 -TPD analysis indicated that the Sn species on Pt could facilitate the adsorption of p -chloronitrobenzene and the dissociation of H 2 . The designed Pt@Sn core–shell nanocatalysts are applicable to a wide range of hydrogenation reactions.
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