Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 19
·期 7
·1337
·
IF 3.7
Xiaogong Lv,Shumin Zhang,Yanchun Yang,Guonan Cui,Wenliang Fan,Xing Yue
Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) is a candidate thin-film photovoltaic material; however, its performance is restricted by innate defect-induced nonradiative recombination. Low-concentration Ge doping has been identified as an efficient way to mitigate these defects, but the selenization temperature remains an important process parameter that governs the structure and optoelectronic characteristics of CZTSSe absorbers. In the present work, low-concentration Ge-doped Cu 2 ZnSn 0.95 Ge 0.05 S 4 (CZTGS) precursor films were synthesized through a green, n-butylammonium butyrate-based solution approach. The effects of the selenization temperature (530–570 °C) on the microstructure, composition, and photovoltaic performance of Cu 2 ZnSn 0.95 Ge 0.05 (S,Se) 4 (CZTGSSe) films and devices were comprehensively investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed to comprehensively characterize the synthesized samples, and the results suggested that the selenization temperature dramatically altered the film grain growth, crystallinity, elemental retention and surface roughness. Specifically, the film that underwent selenization at 550 °C presented the best crystallinity, which was accompanied by large-scale even grains, efficient Ge 4+ addition to the kesterite lattice and the lowest surface roughness. These better properties in terms of structure and composition resulted in the lowest carrier transport resistance ( R s = 8.6 Ω∙cm 2 ), improved recombination resistance ( R j = 5.9 kΩ∙cm 2 ), inhibited nonradiative recombination, and prolonged carrier lifetime ( τ EIS = 35.8 μs). Therefore, the resulting CZTGSSe thin-film solar cell had an 8.69% better power conversion efficiency (PCE), while its open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) was 0.42 V, the fill factor (FF) was 55.51%, and the short-circuit current density ( J SC ) was 37.71 mA·cm −2 . Our results elucidate the mechanism by which the selenization temperature regulates low-concentration Ge-doped kesterite devices and provide more insights into the optimization of processes for cost-effective, high-performance, and green thin-film solar cells.
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ACS Catalysis
·
2026
·
IF 13.6
Zhaowei Tian,Lei Wang,Yuan Deng,Luxuan Sun,Shijie Zhou,Zhitong Qian,Xun Zhao,Xin Zhang,Yusen Yang,Min Wei
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with explicit active sites have shown advantages in heterogeneous catalytic reactions; however, the optimization of their performance in multistep tandem reactions [e.g., hydrodeoxygenation-isomerization (HIS) reaction in biomass conversion] remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a metal–acid bifunctional catalyst that is featured with Ni single atoms immobilized into the montmorillonite (MMT) framework via isomorphous substitution, followed by surface acid modification. The optimized 0.4 wt % Ni/MMT-IA catalyst exhibits prominent catalytic performance toward one-pot HIS reaction of palmitic acid with an iso-alkanes yield of 80.3%, which is preponderant to the state-of-the-art catalysts. Furthermore, the obtained catalyst not only displays durability for 30 reaction cycles (240 h, 300 °C), but also demonstrates universality in HIS reactions of 10 bio-oils. By virtue of in situ spectroscopy characterizations and theoretical calculations, we substantiate a two-step consecutive reaction pathway, including *COOH hydrodeoxygenation and *COH hydroisomerization. The single-atom metal–Brønsted acid site (Niδ+-O(H)) serves as the intrinsic active center, which significantly promotes the rate-determining step (β-H scission of the carbonium ion intermediate), resulting in the extraordinarily high yield of iso-alkanes. This work provides a feasible method for the design and preparation of high-performance SACs, which shows prospective applications in biofuel synthesis.
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2026
·
IF 4
Shuo Xie,Wenbin Zhang,Yike Han,Xinyan Dong,Wanning Li,Penghui Li,Liyun Kong
The accurate determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater is crucial for comprehensive environmental risk assessment and human exposure evaluation. Given the complex matrices of aqueous environmental samples, efficient sample preparation remains a critical challenge in analytical procedures. This study presents an ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase system (IL-ATPS) extraction methodology used as a pretreatment step prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 38 PPCPs. A mechanistic investigation revealed that target analytes with more hydrogen-bonding sites and higher hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) capacity exhibited enhanced solubility in ILs. In addition, IL anions with stronger hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA) capacity further improved the solubility of the 38 PPCPs. These findings indicate that hydrogen bonding between analytes and ILs likely played a critical role in the dissolution mechanism. The established IL-salt ATPS extraction method utilized a 15 mL aqueous sample, 0.2 g tetraethylammonium acetate ([N 2222 ][OAc]), and 12 g K 2 HPO 4 , with a 1-minute vortex mixing. Compared with traditional solid phase extraction (SPE), this approach significantly reduced the sample volume from 1 L to 15 mL, avoided the use of volatile organic solvents, simplified the overall processing, and enabled rapid (<15 minutes) pretreatment. The method demonstrated excellent sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.00013 to 0.11 ng/mL. Method validation via standard addition experiments demonstrated satisfactory accuracy, yielding recoveries between 74.3 and 129.8 %. Precision was assessed using both intra-day and inter-day measurements. The intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 0.7 % to 19.9 %, while the inter-day RSDs ranged from 1.4 % to 18.4 %, demonstrating that the method provides consistent and reproducible results under controlled laboratory conditions. These findings underscore the present IL-based ATPS extraction method, followed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis, as an eco-friendly, robust, and scalable approach for PPCPs monitoring in aqueous environmental samples, offering potential applications in environmental monitoring and risk assessment.
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Journal of Future Foods
·
2026
·
IF 7.2
Yihang Zhao,Hangqi Li,Bingkun Bao,Yinzhao Luo,Jingyu Hao,Jun Gong,Sufang Duan,Zhigang Liu
The gut-brain axis is increasingly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), offering a promising target for nutritional interventions. Bovine milk fat globule membrane (BMFGM) is a bioactive component known to modulate gut microbiota and confer neuroprotection. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking BMFGM to AD amelioration remain elusive. This study demonstrates that BMFGM supplementation significantly improves cognitive performance in 5xFAD transgenic mice, accompanied by reduced amyloid-beta deposition, suppressed neuroinflammation, enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and recovered gut barrier integrity. Importantly, BMFGM significantly reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression in the colon, serum, and cortex, indicating IL-1β suppression as a central mechanism linking gut, systemic, and neuroinflammation. BMFGM reshaped the gut microbiota and increased fecal butyrate level, which correlated positively with cognitive outcomes. Crucially, antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion or pharmacological blockade of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) via GLPG097 abrogated the cognitive, inflammatory, and neuropathological benefits conferred by BMFGM. Collectively, this study elucidates a specific microbiota-metabolite-receptor axis for dietary neuroprotection and highlights butyrate signaling as a critical pathway for AD prevention and management.
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ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.2
Shuai Wang,Haiping Sun,Xiyu Lv,Jingna Li,Defeng Du,Fei Guo,Chao Zhang
Fructus Tribuli (FT), the dried ripe fruit of Tribulus terrestris L., is recognized for its antihypertensive properties, which are enhanced by stir-frying without adjuvants. However, research on its polysaccharides with therapeutic potential remains limited. This study optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of FT polysaccharides (FP) using response surface methodology, yielding a maximum extraction yield of 2.182 ± 0.29% under the conditions of liquid–solid ratio 20:1 mL/g, 51 min, 62 °C, and precipitation ethanol concentration of 95%. Subsequently, FP and stir-fried FT polysaccharides (SFP) were isolated, and their structural differences and antihypertensive effects were systematically compared. Structural analysis revealed notable differences between FP and SFP. Furthermore, the extraction resulted in a higher polysaccharide yield for SFP. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, both FP and SFP attenuated hypertension and vascular injury, modulated gut microbiota, increased short-chain fatty acids, and enhanced intestinal barrier function effects that were more pronounced with SFP. Mechanistically, both polysaccharides inhibited the aortic TLR4/MyD88 pathway. These results suggest that stir-frying modifies polysaccharide structure, thereby improving gut microbiome regulation, barrier protection, and vascular outcomes, highlighting the value of processing in enhancing polysaccharide efficacy. Thus, stir-frying amplifies therapeutic effects through bioactive macromolecular remodeling, advancing the understanding of Traditional Chinese medicine processing principles.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Kangle Li,Hongjie Cui,Si Wang,Qianfu Gan,Qinghua Liu,Shuangbo Huang
Alterations in gut microbiota and its metabolites are associated with placental and fetal development. Although proline has been shown to enhance placental function and improve pregnancy outcomes, its interaction with the gut microbiota remains poorly understood. In this study, a gestational low-protein diet (LPD) leads to decreased fetal birth weight and impaired placental vascular development, as well as increased embryonic resorption rates; these effects are mitigated by dietary proline supplementation. Mechanistically, proline enhances the abundance of Akkermansia and the production of butyrate in the gut, thereby promoting placental angiogenesis by activating the placental Wnt/insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) signaling pathway, ultimately alleviating fetal developmental impairment caused by LPD. Moreover, in an in vitro porcine vascular endothelial cell model under amino acid-restricted conditions, butyrate enhances angiogenesis by activating the Wnt/Igf1 signaling pathway. These findings reveal that targeting the dietary proline supply and gut microbiota may open new avenues for the prevention of intrauterine growth restriction.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.8
Yuting Ye,Junlin Ge,Peiyi Yang,Xinran Liu,Danna Wang,Jingyu Hao,Sufang Duan,Lijun Sun,Guoqiang Zhang,Jian He,Xuebo Liu
Safe and effective strategies for managing adolescent anxiety disorders are urgently needed. This study demonstrates that goat milk-derived extracellular vesicles (gEVs), a natural nanostructure from dairy origin, effectively alleviate chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice through modulation of the gut–brain axis. The purified gEVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting, confirming their nanoscale morphology and vesicular protein markers. Behavioral tests revealed that oral gEVs significantly reversed CRS-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Mechanistically, gEVs suppressed neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, restored brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, and alleviated neuronal injury. Concurrently, gEVs enhanced intestinal tight junction protein expression, improved colonic barrier function, and modulated the gut microbiota composition by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing beneficial bacteria. These changes elevated short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) levels, particularly acetate and propionate, which were negatively correlated with neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behaviors. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed the essential role of gut microbiota in mediating gEVs' anxiolytic effects. Moreover, early-life gEVs intervention significantly reduced anxiety susceptibility in adulthood. Collectively, these findings identify gEVs as a safe and effective dietary-derived nanomaterial capable of modulating the gut microbiota–SCFA–brain axis, offering promising potential for functional food development targeting adolescent anxiety management.
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Journal of Future Foods
·
2026
·
IF 10.6
Qi Fang,Chunyin Qin,Ying Peng,Zhuoqi Xu,Daxiang Li,Shanshan Hu
Chronic low-grade inflammation (CLI) is a common pathological basis for many major diseases, whose systemic regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Based on Pu-erh tea’s potential to improve gut inflammation and dysfunction in the “gut-liver/brain” axis, this study systematically explored the multi-target regulatory mechanisms of Pu-erh tea through establishing a dextran sodium sulfate-induced CLI model. The results demonstrated that CLI triggered an inflammatory cascade in the colon, liver, and brain, accompanied by liver metabolism disorders (downregulation of FXR/SREBP-1c) and gut-brain barrier damage (downregulation of ZO-1/Occludin). Pu-erh tea significantly reversed these pathological changes by reshaping the gut microbiota (increased levels of norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia , and Dubosiella ) and promoting the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, butyric acid and isobutyric acid), which stemmed from improved mitochondrial dysfunction. The “gut microbes-SCFAs-mitochondria” axis may hold promise as a potential strategy for phytochemicals to improve body inflammation.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Chen Pengfei,Liu Xu,He Daoping,Liao Yiju,Li Haozhe,Cheng Jiong,Lu Yichang,Yang Ziming,Yang Yang,Jin Fangming
The nonenzymatic synthesis of organics from H 2 –CO 2 redox couple forms the foundational basis for prebiotic carbon metabolism. However, constructing comprehensive carbon cycling reaction networks with multiple interlinked subsystems preceding enzymatic catalysis remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that metallic molybdenum sulfide mimicking Mo-S 2 -pterin enzyme drives the construction of hydrothermal CO 2 reaction networks across five carbon sequestration pathways including acetyl-CoA, reductive tricarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxypropionate-4-hydroxybutyrate, dicarboxylate-4-hydroxybutyrate, and ethylmalonyl-CoA pathways. A total of 32 intermediates and end-products are synthesized from CO 2 , encompassing five universal metabolic precursors. Spectroscopic and computational studies reveal that molybdenum sulfide containing Mo 3+ with vacancy-induced distorted octahedral structure promotes the formation of radicals and enhances their adsorption and coupling in aqueous solutions, leading to CO 2 conversion rate of 68.6% and selectivity of up to 70% for C 2+ carboxylates. The metal sulfide-catalyzed multiple CO 2 reaction networks under extreme conditions could function as a prebiotic precursor to ancient and core metabolic pathways.
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Biointerphases
·
2022
·Vol. 17
·期 6
·
IF 1.916
Wang Li,Cui Baocheng,Qiu Keyuan,Huang Jiao,Liang Changhai
Nitrile hydratase (NHase, EC 4.2.1.84) is an excellent biocatalyst that catalyzes the hydration of nitrile substances to their corresponding amides. Given its catalytic specificity and eco-friendliness, NHase has extensive applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. To improve the affinity between Rhodococcus erythropolis CCM2595-derived NHase ( Re NHase) and adiponitrile, this study used a semirational design to improve the efficiency of Re NHase in catalyzing the generation of 5-cyanopentanamide from adiponitrile. Enzyme kinetics analysis showed that Km of the mutant Re NHase B:G196Y was 3.265 mmol l −1 , which was lower than that of the wild-type NHase. The affinity of the mutant Re NHase B:G196Y to adiponitrile was increased by 36.35%, and the efficiency of the mutant Re NHase B:G196Y in catalyzing adiponitrile to 5-cyanopentamide was increased by 10.11%. The analysis of the enzyme-substrate interaction showed that the hydrogen bond length of the mutant Re NHase B:G196Y to adiponitrile was shortened by 0.59 Å, which enhanced the interaction between the mutant and adiponitrile and, thereby, increased the substrate affinity. Similarly, the structural analysis showed that the amino acid flexibility near the mutation site of Re NHase B:G196Y was increased, which enhanced the binding force between the enzyme and adiponitrile. Our work may provide a new theoretical basis for the modification of substrate affinity of NHase and increase the possibility of industrial applications of the enzyme.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 5.895
Meng-Xin Hu,Fei He,Ya-Xin Guo,Li-Zhen Mo,Xuan Zhu
Bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract generally grow well in biofilms. In recent years, probiotic biofilms have been considered the most promising fourth-generation probiotics. However, the research into the functions of probiotic biofilms is just starting. In this study, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 biofilms formed on electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibrous scaffolds were contrasted with planktonic cells. Pathogen inhibition analysis of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes suggested a significant distinction between the planktonic and biofilm groups. In human fecal fermentation, L. reuteri remodeled the microbiota by decreasing the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Escherichia–Shigella, and Desulfovibrio and increasing the relative abundances of Phascolarctobacterium, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus. Moreover, L. reuteri biofilms played more positive roles in microbiota modulation and short-chain fatty acid production than planktonic L. reuteri. These findings provide an understanding of the beneficial effects of probiotic biofilms, laying a foundation for the application of probiotic biofilms as a health promoter.
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LIFE SCIENCES
·
2022
·
IF 6.78
Wenjie Zhang,Qin Zhang,Yanrong Zhu,Yajing Zhang,Yufeng Xia,Zhifeng Wei,Yue Dai
Butyrate, given by oral administration or in drinking water, has been shown to improve experimental pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice despite of very low bioavailability. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics disconnection attracts us to explore its anti-PF mechanism in view of the intestinal expression of anti-PF factors. In bleomycin-induced PF in mice, rectal administration of butyrate (500 mg/kg) exhibited a significant anti-PF effect, with a maximum plasma concentration largely lower than the minimum effective concentration (1 mM) at which butyrate inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors by lung epithelial cells and the production of extracellular matrix by lung fibroblasts. The rectal administration of butyrate significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the colons of PF mice, but showed no significant effect on the mRNA expression of HGF in the small intestines, lungs and livers. In colon epithelial cells, the monocarboxylate transporter inhibitor α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC) abrogated butyrate-induced expression of HGF, indicating that butyrate functions through entering into cells. Butyrate showed no significant effect on the histone acetylation in the promoter region of HGF, suggesting that it promotes HGF expression not by directly affecting the histone deacetylation of HGF but by other pathways. GW9662, the inhibitor of PPARγ, significantly attenuated the effect of butyrate to promote the mRNA expression of HGF. Butyrate was able to enhance the acetylation of PPARγ, and a targeted mutation of lysine at the position 240 (K240) of PPARγ markedly diminished the induction of butyrate on HGF expression, suggesting that butyrate promoted HGF expression in colon epithelial cells by upregulating PPARγ K240 acetylation. In summary, rectal administration of butyrate promotes the expression of HGF in colonic epithelial cells through upregulating PPARγ acetylation via inhibition of HDAC activity. The findings of the present study provide a reasonable explanation for the anti-PF action mode of butyrate based on the ‘lung-gut axis’, and found that intestine-derived butyrate and HGF may be involved in the modulation of the occurrence and progression of PF.
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