CHEMOSPHERE
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Jiafu Li,Jingsi Chen,Zhiyong Hu,Xinyu Li,Mei Li,Yuan Wang,Zengli Zhang,Xiaojun Liang
Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) is a popular disinfectant for swimming pools in China. However, the occurrence and importance of regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in TCCA-disinfected swimming pools are less understood. This study analyzed 12 regulated DBPs (4 trihalomethanes (THMs), 5 haloacetic acid (HAAs), bromate , chlorate, and chlorite) in 85 swimming pool water samples and 17 input tap water samples from one swimming pool for 17 days continuously. Considering water temperature, pH, free chlorine, total chlorine, and urea, most of swimming pool water samples were within the water quality limits for China. Total concentrations of THMs, HAAs, and inorganic DBPs of 20.4–42.2, 82.0–229, and 100–729 μg/L in the swimming pool, and 16.6–28.3, 8.2–12.8, and 64.4–95.6 μg/L in the tap water, indicating inorganic DBPs are the dominant swimming pool and drinking water pollutants. Cancer risk values of regulated DBPs in swimming pools and input tap water are 2.7E-05 and 8.1E-05, respectively, and exceed the US EPA's threshold (1.0E-06). The non-cancer risk is below the US EPA's threshold. Following TCCA disinfection, the concentration and calculated cytotoxicity of regulated DBPs had a 3.6-fold and 1.9-fold increase, respectively. Inorganic DBPs contribute to the calculated concentration and cancer risks of DBPs in swimming pools and tap water at sufficient concentrations warranting regulation. This study provides data on 12 regulated DBPs in TCCA-disinfected indoor swimming pools, highlighting the importance of inorganic DBPs from evidences of concentration, cytotoxicity, and cancer risk for the first time.
研究领域:
环境科学
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公共卫生
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水质
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Desalination and Water Treatment
·
2024
·
IF 1
Hongbo Fang,Liqian Dai,Shuyan Wang,Weiye Shi,Defang Ma
The permanganate/bisulfite (PM/BS) process is highly efficient in the oxidation of refractory contaminants due to the generation of a large number of reactive manganese species and radicals. However, a lot of concerns need to be addressed for the application of the PM/BS process in real sulfamerazine (SMZ) contaminated water treatment. The factors affecting the degradation efficiency of SMZ by PM/BS and the influences of PM/BS pre-oxidation on the formation and toxicity of trihalomethanes (THMs) during the subsequent chlorination of simulated SMZ-contaminated waters were investigated in this study. The PM/BS process exhibited fast oxidation of SMZ at acidic/neutral pH and low SMZ concentration (5 μm) with more than 80% of SMZ removal within 15 s. The permanganate was efficiently activated by bisulfite and exhibited high efficiency in SMZ degradation when permanganate/bisulfite dosage was 50 μm:250 μm. The co-existing protein bovine serum albumin caused less than 10% inhibition of SMZ degradation in the PM/BS process at pH 6 and 7. However, humic acids and alginate inhibited the removal of SMZ by 18%–57%. PM/BS pre-oxidation of SMZ-contaminated waters achieved a 28%–64% reduction of THM formation in the subsequent chlorination, greatly decreasing the toxicity risk in chlorination.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理技术
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化学氧化
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高级氧化工艺
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2020
·
IF 6.551
Guiqiao Wang,Weiye Shi,Defang Ma,Baoyu Gao
Bisulfite-activated permanganate (PM/BS) oxidation process can oxidize ciprofloxacin in complex water matrices rapidly. However, effects of PM/BS pre-oxidation on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during post-chlorination of ciprofloxacin-contaminated waters need to be addressed. This study investigated the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloketones and trichloronitromethane during chlorination of ciprofloxacin-contaminated humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alginate solutions, and revealed the effects of PM/BS pre-oxidation on ciprofloxacin degradation and DBP formation during post-chlorination, considering the presence of Br − . Only THMs and HANs were quantifiable. THMs were the most abundant. Ciprofloxacin-contaminated HA exhibited the highest formation potential of DBPs and integrated toxic risk value (ITRV). In the absence of Br − , PM/BS pre-oxidation reduced or hardly affected the toxicity risks derived from DBPs formed from the post-chlorination. However, the presence of Br − greatly reduced the degradation of ciprofloxacin (30–50%) in various waters. In the ciprofloxacin-contaminated waters containing Br − , the total ITRVs of DBPs formed from post-chlorination increased by 60%–800% with PM/BS pre-oxidation, attributing to the enhanced formation of DBPs especially bromochloroacetonitrile and dibromoacetonitrile. Overall, PM/BS is a potential pre-oxidation technology for the treatment of ciprofloxacin-contaminated waters without bromide.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理
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化学工程
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Water
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 17
·2563
·
IF 3
Chao Feng,Tongyu Liu,Yongping Shi,Jimin Shen,Lei Yuan,Yuanqing Guo
The interaction of disinfectants with bromide/iodide ions and natural organic matter (NOM) generates brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts (Br/I-DBPs), known for their heightened cytotoxicity and genotoxicity relative to chlorinated DBPs. This study investigated Br/I-DBP formation during sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) disinfection of lignin-containing synthetic water by quantifying adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) and trihalomethanes (THMs). Disinfection of bromide-containing water yielded a bromide ion (Br−) to adsorbable organic bromine (AOBr) conversion rate of approximately 60%, with bromine within THMs accounting for about 30% of the total AOBr, indicating significant brominated DBP formation where THMs represent a major fraction. Conversely, iodide ion (I−) conversion to adsorbable organic iodine (AOI) is minimal, suggesting negligible iodinated DBP formation under NaClO disinfection. Examination of key parameters revealed that brominated THM (Br-THM) formation decreased with increasing lignin concentration, while iodinated THM (I-THM) formation increased. The effect of chlorine dose differed: Br-THM formation exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease at higher doses, whereas I-THM formation consistently decreased. Both Br-THM and I-THM formation increased with higher bromide or iodide ion concentration and with increasing pH. These results highlight the distinct pathways and influencing factors governing brominated versus iodinated DBP formation in lignin-containing waters disinfected with hypochlorite.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理
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消毒副产物
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毒理学
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天然有机物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）