FUEL
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2025
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IF 7.5
Yu-Ting Liu,Guo-Bao Huang,Xiao-Fang Zhang,Ting-Ting Yao,Li-Xia Cheng,Hong Zhu,Gang-Ping Wu
Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) are critical to optimizing water management capability; however, carbon papers (CPs), as the substrates that provide channels for two-phase counter flows of reactant gases and product water, have rarely been reported for controlling product water. In this study, gradient pore structures were introduced into CPs for GDLs to control the driving forces of water using the capillary pressure gradient. The results showed that the gradual increase in the pore sizes of the CPs from the microporous layer (MPL) to the bipolar plate (BP) side significantly improved the electrochemical performance, regardless of humidity. At 100 % relative humidity (RH), the maximum power density of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) whose CP pore sizes gradually increased from the MPL side to the BP side reached 1.78 W·cm −2 under H 2 -O 2 condition, 40.16 % higher than that of the counterpart with uniform CP pore sizes, and 1.28 W·cm −2 under H 2 -air condition, 85.51 % higher than that with uniform CP pore sizes. The maximum current density increases under both wet and dry conditions. The mechanisms revealed that under dry conditions, the relatively smaller pores in the CPs close to the MPL side enhanced the water retention and thus maintained the proton conductivity; under wet conditions, the CP pores that were gradually enlarged from the MPL to the BP side enabled the capillary pressure gradient to guide the product water from the MPL flowing into and through the CP, and thus out of the GDLs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Huixuan Wang,Gaofei Pan,Zhunze Ji,Yuwei Ma,Weixiang Shang,Hongxia Li,Fei Ruan,Qingchun Wang,Jinxiao Bao
Increasing the retention of phosphoric acid (PA) may significantly boost the performance of proton exchange membranes (PEMs). In this work, mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles were introduced into polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes and crosslinked using a silane coupling agent–modified ionic liquid (IL). TiO 2 nanoparticles with high specific volume were combined with ILs to enhance PA retention and inhibit leaching, thereby improving the performance of PEMs. Strong proton conductivity (0.092 S cm −1 , 140 °C) combined with saturated electron transport and outstanding PA retention is made possible by a special proton transfer channel with a silane-bonded titanium dioxide structure. At 140 °C, having an excellent stabilizing current demand of 200 mA cm −2 during 110 h of operation, a hydrogen/oxygen (H 2 /O 2 ) cell founded on the as-fabricated membrane demonstrated outstanding long-term stability and a maximum power density up to 668 mW cm −2 . A high-temperature PEM (HT-PEM) that can function across an extensive temperature spectrum of 80 °C to 200 °C without the need for external humidification is created when stabilized PBI chains are coupled with hydrogen-bonded proton transport channels.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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能源技术
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 59
·期 26
·11893-11906
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IF 3.5
Dong Xiaokun,Li Yongzhe,Wei Gang,Zhao Shuhui,Gao Shugang,Gao Jiangshan,He Yan
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are compatible with perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymers due to their rich hydrophilic functional groups and nanoscale particle size, making them suitable as inorganic fillers for proton exchange membranes. In this work, CQDs synthesized by a simple microwave-assisted pyrolysis method were used to improve the performance of PFSA proton exchange membranes. Research indicates that at 80 °C and 100% relative humidity (RH), the proton conductivity of the PFSA membrane increased to 254 mS/cm with the addition of 0.5 wt% CQDs filler, compared to 249 mS/cm for the original PFSA membrane. This enhancement in proton conductivity is likely attributed to the hydrophilic functional groups present on CQDs, such as carboxyl groups (–COOH) and amino groups (–NH 2 ). Furthermore, a notable decrease in hydrogen permeability was observed in the composite membranes due to the incorporation of CQDs. Specifically, the hydrogen permeability of the PFSA/CQDs-2 composite membrane was reduced by approximately 44% compared to the original PFSA membrane. This reduction in hydrogen permeability is likely a result of cross-linking between the sulfonic acid groups in PFSA and the amino groups in CQDs. In conclusion, CQDs contribute to better proton conductivity, lower hydrogen permeability, and enhanced thermal and mechanical stability for PFSA membranes, making them a potential membrane material for high-temperature operation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2024
·Vol. 12
·期 28
·17243-17251
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IF 10.7
Sifan Chen,Zhuang Ma,Jialin Zhang,Jianchun Niu,Shuomeng Zhang,Qinghua Zhang,Shiyuan Chen,Shanfu Lu,Miao Wang,Qinggang He
Proton-exchange membranes are considered the core of high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) and determine the output power of the cells. However, current HT-PEMs, which are mainly doped with phosphoric acid (PA), face challenges such as low conductivity and loss of PA during cell operation. In this study, cardo poly(biphenyl indole) membranes (POXIA-QA) with quaternary ammonium salt terminals and tunable side-chain lengths were designed at the molecular level. The rational structural design enabled PA to form a continuous hydrogen-bonding network in POXIA-QA, which could be effectively immobilized and retained. The proton conductivity and activation energy patterns were found to be inconsistent with the PA doping level, suggesting that proton transportation depends not exclusively on the amount of PA but also on the PA distribution induced by the acidic spacer. The polymer membrane bearing a hexyl side chain spacer exhibited excellent proton conductivity (0.113 S cm−1 at 180 °C) and single-cell power density (1001.3 mW cm−2 at 180 °C). This study provides insights into the microphase separation, PA distribution, proton transfer, and high-temperature fuel cell performance of phosphonic acid-doped HT-PEMs with side chains and establishes structure–performance relationships. This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis and suitable candidate materials for the design of HT-PEMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2024
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IF 8.4
Jiayu Guan,Xi Sun,Huiting Yu,Jifu Zheng,Yuxuan Sun,Shenghai Li,Guorui Qin,Suobo Zhang
Sulfonated polyarylene membranes are demonstrated to be efficient as proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in clean energy conversion systems. In this study, we design and synthesize a series of sulfonated polyarylene with all-carbon backbones and densely sulfonated pendant groups, which can be prepared by copolymerization of 1,3-Disulfonic acid benzaldehyde, 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone and biphenyl under superacid-catalyzed conditions. Rigid, hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic side chains make the membrane form good microphase separation morphology. The PEMs exhibit high proton conductivity (404 mS cm −1 ) and excellent dimensional stability (swelling ratio lower than 24% and water uptake lower than 40%) at 80 °C. Moreover, the PEMs show good oxidization stability (the retaining weight rate of membrane up to 99.2% for 1 h oxidative treatment), and the oxidization stability and degradation mechanism of Ar 3 CH in polymer backbone are also studied. The H 2 /O 2 fuel cell assembled with PEMs exhibited a maximum peak power density of 560 mW cm −2 . It indicates that all-carbon main chain and densely sulfonated structure show great potential for improving the performance of PEMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nature Communications
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2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 15.7
Wang Dawei,Lin Fangxu,Luo Heng,Zhou Jinhui,Zhang Wenshu,Li Lu,Wei Yi,Zhang Qinghua,Gu Lin,Wang Yanfei,Luo Mingchuan,Lv Fan,Guo Shaojun
Using metal oxides to disperse iridium (Ir) in the anode layer proves effective for lowering Ir loading in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). However, the reported low-Ir-based catalysts still suffer from unsatisfying electrolytic efficiency and durability under practical industrial working conditions, mainly due to insufficient catalytic activity and mass transport in the catalyst layer. Herein we report a class of porous heterogeneous nanosheet catalyst with abundant Ir-O-Mn bonds, achieving a notable mass activity of 4 A mg Ir −1 for oxygen evolution reaction at an overpotential of 300 mV, which is 150.6 times higher than that of commercial IrO 2 . Ir-O-Mn bonds are unraveled to serve as efficient charge-transfer channels between in-situ electrochemically-formed IrO x clusters and MnO x matrix, fostering the generation and stabilization of highly active Ir 3+ species. Notably, Ir/MnO x -based PEMWE demonstrates comparable performance under 10-fold lower Ir loading (0.2 mg Ir cm −2 ), taking a low cell voltage of 1.63 V to deliver 1 A cm −2 for over 300 h, which positions it among the elite of low Ir-based PEMWEs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR RESEARCH
·
2021
·Vol. 29
·期 3
·199-210
·
IF 2.227
Wu Zhihui,Shen Chunhui,Gao Shanjun,Zhu Xi,Zhang Mingliang,Ding Ao
A series of proton exchange membranes were prepared by incorporating phosphonic functionalized siloxane into sulfonic poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyleneoxide) (SPPO) and imidazole functionalized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyleneoxide) grafted with siloxane (IPPO-Si). Phosphonic acid functionalized siloxane was synthesized from amino trimethyl phosphonic acid (ATMP) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). FTIR results showed that 1-methylimidazole and APTES were successfully grafted onto polyphenylene oxide, and APTES successfully formed Si-O-Si crosslinked networks through hydrolytic crosslinking. The membranes were thermally stable up to 220 °C and exhibited excellent oxidative stability and mechanical performance. We also measured the proton conductivity of the membranes. The results showed that the proton conductivities of the composite membranes increased with the increasing of SPPO content at different degrees under high (100 °C–160 °C) and low (25 °C–80 °C) temperature conditions. Furthermore, the IPPO-SI-P/SPPO-30 has the best conductivity, reaching to 0.1131 S cm −1 at 80 °C, 100%RH and 0.1049 S cm −1 at 160 °C, 5%RH, respectively. Therefore, this novel membrane acts as a potential candidate for proton exchange membranes with a wider applicable temperature (25 °C–160 °C).
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2019
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·196-206
·
IF 10.733
Jialin Li,Fanzhe Bu,Chunyu Ru,Hao Jiang,Yuting Duan,Yinan Sun,Xingtong Pu,Lichao Shang,Xifang Li,Chengji Zhao
Conventional fillers have limitations on the modification of proton exchange membranes because of differences in the sizes and physicochemical properties of matrix molecules. Designing skeleton molecules is a vital way to address the limitations by enabling precise distribution in the matrix and inducing automatic nanoscale aggregation and separation of hydrophilic–hydrophobic phases. In this work, a novel SDF-PAEK polymer was synthesized with a rigid hydrophobic backbone, short high-density trifluoromethyl side chains and long flexible aliphatic pendant side chains as a skeleton molecule for the Nafion membrane. Due to the unique molecular interaction selectivity during the membrane formation process, SDF-PAEK automatically matches the Nafion molecular conformation by self-assembly. Combining an improved solution formulation and membrane-casting method, the degree of composition can therefore rise to 20%, which can effectively reduce the cost. Morphological studies show that there is a certain degree of bicontinuous phase microcrystalline domains, and the proton transport channels are highly concentrated. In contrast to the Nafion membrane, SDF-PAEK@Nafion-15% exhibits better performances with higher selectivity (9.73 × 104 S s cm−3) and single-cell maximum power density (PDmax–139 mW cm−2, at 80 °C), which demonstrates the feasibility of SDF-PAEK as a novel PEM skeleton molecule for fuel cell applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2016
·
IF 1.045
Yang Liu,Pengfei Huo,Jiannan Ren,Guibin Wang
A series of novel organic–inorganic hybrid proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were prepared from the sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) with 4-amino phenyl pendant groups (Am-SPAES), (3-isocyanatopropyl) triethoxysilane (ICPTES), and 3-(trihydroxysilyl) propane-1-sulfonic acid with covalent bonds to form network using a sol-gel method. The obtained cross-linked hybrid membranes (Am-SPAES/I-SiO2-S) displayed excellent solvent resistance and thermal and mechanical stability. The Am-SPAES/I-SiO2-S membranes with cross-linking network exhibited a higher proton conductivity (0.043 S cm−1 at 20°C) than PEMs without covalent bonds (Am-SPAES/SiO2-S) and the swelling ratio maintained below 17.00% even at 100°C. Most importantly, all of the obtained membranes showed considerably lower methanol permeability than that of Nafion 117. In addition, the chemical structures and morphologies of the hybrid membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃料电池技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
·
2020
·Vol. 44
·期 6
·4426-4437
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IF 3.741
Fangyan Cui,Wenyi Wang,Caini Liu,Xingyu Chen,Ning Li
Summary One-dimensional (1D) sodium ligninsulfonate functionalized carbon nanotubes (SCNT), two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO), and three-dimensional (3D) zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (UiO-66) are self-assembled as filler materials for proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) because of their potential for extending proton transport pathways. Herein, UiO-66-SCNT and UiO-66-SCNT@GO were prepared by a facile solvothermal synthesis and then the nanohybrid chitosan (CS) PEMs were fabricated via solution casting. The hybrid PEMs with higher ion exchange capacity than the pure CS membrane displayed higher proton conductivity and selectivity. The proton conductivity of nanohybrid membrane doped with 7 wt% UiO-66-SCNT@GO (CS/U-S@GO-7) was enhanced to 64 mS cm −1 at 70°C. Simultaneously, the selectivity was reached 19.4 × 10 4 S s cm −3 and was much higher than the pristine CS membrane (0.13 × 10 3 S s cm −3 ). Moreover, the mechanical properties of all composite membranes were significantly enhanced compared with that of the pure CS membrane. The results showed that our research provided a valuable strategy for designing high-performance CS-based PEMs in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Highlights A simple and facile solvothermal synthesis was used to prepare UiO-66-SCNT@GO. UiO-66-SCNT@GO was introduced into chitosan (CS) matrix to optimize proton transport channels. CS-based hybrid membranes exhibit high proton conductivity and selectivity. CS-based hybrid membranes show low methanol permeability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2018
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IF 4.229
Shaojie Xu,Yong He,Biyi Huang,Yanwei Zhang,Zhihua Wang,Kefa Cen
Although several technologies, such as reactive distillation and catalytic membrane reactor , have been proposed to improve HI conversion efficiency, they still experience several challenges for the application in HI section. In this study, an electrochemical cell was employed for hydriodic acid decomposition under the presence of iodine. Several commercial proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), namely, Nafion 117 and Nafion 115, were used as separators for the electrochemical cell. Anodization of iodide anion occurred at the graphite electrode in the anode compartment. Hydrogen was generated by the reduction reaction of hydrogen cations, which migrated from anolyte to catholyte. In electrolysis experiments, PEM showed good performance in terms of high transport number of proton and low iodine permeation . Several parameters, such as operating temperature, HI molarity , and I 2 molarity in anolyte, which affected current efficiency, iodine permeance , and electric resistance of test cell, were investigated. High operating temperature and I 2 molarity in anolyte enhanced the permeability of iodine, which had several negative influences on electrochemical cell performance. Although current efficiency was negatively affected by increasing temperature and I 2 molarity, it still remained above 0.85 in the range of 30 °C–75 °C. Ohmic resistance , which is a component of cell resistance, offered by PEM was investigated with Nafion 117 and 115. Apart from graphite plates, activated carbon papers were adopted as electrodes to reduce the overpotentials due to their high specific surface characteristic.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
可再生能源
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 40
·期 7
·764-771
·
IF 3.815
Xu Tang-Cheng,Wang Chang-Shui,Hu Zhao-Yu,Zheng Jiao-Jiao,Jiang Shao-Hua,He Shui-Jian,Hou Hao-Qing
In this work, a series of high strength, thermal stable and antioxidant proton exchange membranes were designed with solution processible polybenzimidazole (PBI) as the matrix and perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) as the fortifier for proton exchange. Solution processible PBI was successfully synthesized by introducing 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl ether into the molecular chains of PBI. PFSA/PBI composite membranes were obtained by solution blending and film casting. PBI and PFSA/PBI composite membranes exhibited greatly enhanced tensile strength and Young’s modulus compared to PFSA. PFSA/PBI composite membranes are stable below 300 °C which are suitable for practical application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The PFSA/PBI composite membranes show good dimensional stability with low water uptake and swelling rate. The PFSA/PBI composite membranes also exhibit excellent antioxidation stability with less than 5% initial mass loss over 120 h in Fenton reagent. The proton conductivity of PBI is greatly enhanced by blending with PFSA and the proton conductivities of the composite membranes are increased with the raise of PFSA content and temperature. This work offers valuable insights into the exploration of PBI based highperformance proton exchange membranes.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）