JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2022
·Vol. 169
·期 11
·112513
·
IF 4.386
Biao Hong,Hansheng Xiao,Wei Xiao
The utilization of non-precious electrocatalysts is key-enabling to mitigate challenges in energy and environmental sustainability. Herein, we report a vanadium carbide (VC) film generated from molten salt electrolysis of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) on carbon cloth cathode. The VC forms on carbon cloth by spontaneous thermal nucleation and electrochemical growth. The molten salt electrolysis enhances the adhesion and electronic interaction of VC films with carbon cloth, resulting in an electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution with a low overpotential (97 mV) at 10 mA cm−2 and long-lasting stability (50 h) in acidic media. This work provides a molten salt electrolysis integrating preparation of electrocatalysts and value-added utilization of vanadium slag.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源与环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2018
·
IF 2.707
Baijun Yan,Daya Wang,Liushun Wu,Yuanchi Dong
Stone coal, a kind of important vanadium-bearing resources in China, accounts for about 87% of the domestic reserves of vanadium. But the currently developed techniques to extract vanadium from stone coal are all confronted with environmental problems. For example, large quantities of caustic or greenhouse gases discharged in the oxidizing roast process, enormous consumptions of acid or alkali in the leaching step and massive tailings containing toxic V 5+ ions. With a view to solve those problems, an innovative process for pre-concentration of vanadium from stone coal was designed and confirmed on a laboratory scale. The distinct features of this design are as follows. Firstly, the environment-friendly Fe 2 O 3 is selected as a capturer of vanadium. Secondly, the natural reducing property of stone coal is utilized to promote the formation of magnetic V-rich phase, Fe 2 VO 4 . Thirdly, a high-grade vanadium concentrate is obtained by magnetic separation method. The practicability of this design was confirmed using industrial stone coal on a laboratory scale. When 10 mass% Fe 2 O 3 relative to stone coal was added and roasted at 1200 °C for 3 h, a high-grade concentrate containing vanadium higher than 14 mass% was obtained, and more than 91% of the total vanadium in stone coal was recovered.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2020
·
IF 3.421
Jie Yu,Esong Zhang,Lele Wang,Zijian Song,Fanhai Kong,Yunlong Ma,Hong Zhao,Lushi Sun
With the wide application of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems in power plants for the control of NOx emission in China, a serious problem of catalyst deactivation due to the channel blockage by NH4HSO4 has drawn extensive attention. In this work, a combined experimental and simulation method was utilized to study the interaction between NH4HSO4 and a vanadium–titanium-based catalyst. Initially, the adsorption characteristics of NH4HSO4 onto TiO2, V2O5/TiO2, V2O5-WO3/TiO2, and V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 were simulated following density functional theory. The simulation revealed that during reaction, the NH4HSO4 loaded onto TiO2 can be dissociated into NH4+ and SO42–. The existence of V2O5, WO3, and MoO3 can form a protective layer to inhibit the adsorption of NH4HSO4 onto TiO2, to promote the reduction of sulfur-containing compounds, and to accelerate the reaction of NH4+ with NO. Thermogravimetric analysis also showed the positive effect of V, W, and Mo on NH4HSO4 decomposition. Fixed-bed experiments were then conducted to compare the performance of the studied catalysts and the effect of NH4HSO4 on their performance. It was proven that the V-5Mo/TiO2 catalyst showed better performance at low temperatures. On the V-5Mo/TiO2 catalyst, ∼78 wt % NH4+ in NH4HSO4 was attached onto Lewis acid sites, which can accelerate the reduction reaction of NO by NH4+. Meanwhile, SO42– can comparatively be easily decomposed at lower temperatures.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 41
·34768-34780
·
IF 4.6
Qiwen Zhang,Yong Fan,Yimin Zhang,Peng Liu,Hong Liu,Zihanyu Zhang,Xiuqiong Fu
Molten salt electrolysis is a promising method for producing metallic vanadium, overcoming the limitations of conventional processes, such as high purity requirements for raw materials and high impurity content. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing soluble vanadium–aluminum alloy anodes in KCl–LiCl molten salt, where vanadium is dissolved as V2+ and V3+. Optimal conditions were identified as 0.3 A cm−2 current density, 500 °C temperature, and 6 h duration. High purity metallic vanadium was prepared under these conditions, and the electrolysis efficiency reached 89.53%. Electrochemical analysis revealed three reduction processes: Al(III) → Al, V(III) → V(II) and V(II) → V. In molten salts, vanadium ions existed in coordination forms as VCl2, VCl3, VCl42−, and VCl63−, while aluminum ions were present as AlCl4−. The process was confirmed as diffusion-controlled, with calculated V(III) diffusion coefficients. Nucleation mechanism analysis demonstrated dual vanadium deposition pathways: instantaneous and progressive nucleation. Fluoride ions were found to enhance reaction kinetics through chloride substitution in aluminum complexes, increasing free chloride availability for vanadium coordination and improving ion mobility. The developed method offers significant advantages in energy efficiency and product quality compared to traditional metallurgical approaches, providing insights for optimization of molten salt electrolysis systems in refractory metal production.
研究领域:
冶金工程
·
电化学
·
材料科学
·
无机化学
·
能源材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Batteries-Basel
·
2023
·Vol. 9
·期 2
·141
·
IF 4
Xiaorui Wang,Shuang Wang,Dan Liang,Yinghe Cui,Xiaodong Wang,Zhipeng Yong,Fengxiang Liu,Zhe Wang
Based on amino polybenzimidazoles with flexible hydrophilic side chains (AmPBI-MOE) and polymeric ionic liquid (PIL), a series of composite membranes (AmPBI-MOE-PIL-X) were fabricated for vanadium redox flow battery applications. Here, 1-Bromo-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane was grafted onto amino polybenzimidazole (AmPBI) by the method of halogenated hydrocarbons, and PIL was synthesized from ionic liquids by in situ radical polymerization to build a hydrogen-bonded cross-linked network within the film. The hydrophilic side chain improves the proton conductivity. With the increase in ionic liquids, the vanadium transmittance and the proton conductivity increase. The AmPBI-MOE-PIL-5 membrane not only exhibits a vanadium ions permeability of 0.88 × 10−9cm2min−1, which is much lower than Nafion117 (6.07 × 10−8cm2min−1), but also shows a very excellent blocking ability for vanadium ion. The AmPBI-MOE-PIL-5 membrane shows excellent performances at 60 mA cm−2, with VE of 87.93% and EE of 82.87%, both higher than that of Nafion117 membrane in VRFB.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 13.6
Feng Cheng,Yongfei Tong,Yang Liu,Yue Yuan,Zhiqiang Chen,Juan Liang,Yongli Zhang,Peng Zhou,Xiaoguang Duan,Bo Lai
In this study, vanadium powder (V) was employed as a cocatalyst to enhance the Fenton-like system. The V-Fe(III)/H 2 O 2 system can rapidly produce hydroxyl radicals and completely oxidize chloramphenicol with exceptionally high stability for long-term operation. The low-valent vanadium sites on the surface during the stepwise oxidation of vanadium from V 0 to V(IV) can donate electrons for direct H 2 O 2 activation and indirect Fenton reaction by reducing Fe(III) to produce hydroxyl radicals. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculation unveils that low-valent vanadium sites of vanadium can lengthen Fe-O bonds of FeOH 2+ to elevate the oxidation potential of Fe(III) and promote Fe(III) reduction induced by H 2 O 2 . The self-cleaning effect of vanadium under acidic conditions can maintain reactive sites for sustainable electron donation and long-lasting enhanced Fenton oxidation. This study provides a novel enhanced Fenton oxidation for water remediation and the first mechanistic insights into the origins of V-based advanced oxidation technologies , it may also be beneficial to treat vanadium-contained wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 4
·281
·
IF 3.8
Lian Wei,Tao Liu,Yimin Zhang,Hong Liu,Ling Ge
The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a highly favorable tool for storing renewable energy, and the catalytic activity of electrode materials is crucial for its development. Taurine-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared with the aim of augmenting the redox process of vanadium ions and enhancing the efficiency of the VRFB. Sulfonated CNTs were synthesized through a simple modification process in a taurine solution and used as electrocatalysts for redox reactions involving VO2+/VO2+and V2+/V3+. The SO3H-CNTs modified at 60 °C for 2 h exhibit the best electrocatalytic activity, showing higher redox peak current values compared to pristine carboxylated CNTs (COOH-CNTs). Sulfonic acid groups added to the surface of CNTs increase active sites for redox reactions and act as carriers for mass transfer and bridges for charge transfer, accelerating the rate of the electrode reactions. A battery consisting of SO3H-CNTs as catalysts demonstrates the outstanding charge–discharge performance at a current density of 300 mA∙cm−2. This configuration displays voltage and energy efficiencies of 81.46% and 78.83%, respectively, representing enhancements of 6.15% and 6.12% compared to that equipped with conventional graphite felts (75.31%, 72.71%). This study illustrates that taurine-functionalized carbon nanotubes serve as an efficient and promising catalyst for both the anode and cathode, leading to the improved performance of the VRFB.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
可再生能源
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2019
·
IF 6.361
Xiao-Bing Yang,Lei Zhao,Xu-Lei Sui,Ling-Hui Meng,Zhen-Bo Wang
A novel composite vanadium-blocking proton exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) was designed and constructed by immobilizing phosphotungstic acid (PWA) on Nano Kevlar Fibers (NKFs) via a solution-casting method. The proton/vanadium selectivity of the composite membrane is greatly improved by incorporating the complex formed by NKFs and PWA into the Nafion matrix. Simple tuning of the complex doping quantity results in different composite membranes with superior vanadium barrier properties (namely, a minimum vanadium permeability of 2.46 × 10 -7 cm 2 min −1 ). This coupled with proton conductivities reaching 0.061 S cm −1 at room temperature indicates a proton/vanadium selectivity of 2.48 × 10 5 S min cm −3 , which is 6.3 times higher than that of recast Nafion (0.34 × 10 5 S min cm −3 ). When tested in a VRB, the performance of the single cell assembled with the composite membrane greatly outperforms that with recast Nafion at current densities ranging from 40 to 100 mA cm −2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
IONICS
·
2021
·Vol. 27
·期 5
·2127-2138
·
IF 2.817
Dai Jicui,Ding Tianlin,Dong Yichao,Teng Xiangguo
Nafion is currently the most stable ion exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB). In order to decrease the high vanadium permeability of Nafion while still keeping its high ionic conductivity and stability, in this study, solution atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method is used with Nafion as initiator to prepare amphoteric Nafion membrane with tunable cationic and anionic ratios. Polymers of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (METAC) and sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (NaSS) are chosen as cationic and anionic monomers, respectively. FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) and 1 H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) tests prove that the METAC and NaSS have been successfully bonded on the Nafion molecules. The solution-casted amphoteric Nafion membrane M-1:1 has shown the highest ion selectivity among all the grafted Nafion membranes. The VRB with M-1:1 membrane has shown the highest average energy efficiency of 83.9% at current density of 40–80 mA cm −2 , which is 4.2% higher than that of Nafion 212 (79.7%). One hundred cycles dynamic charge-discharge test proves that the M-1:1 membrane possesses enough stability and good discharge capacity retention ability. On-line self-discharge test further proves that the M-1:1 membrane has lower vanadium ions permeation than that of Nafion 212 membrane. All the results prove that ATRP is an effective method for preparation of novel amphoteric materials for VRB application.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2016
·
IF 2.29
Ying Zhang,Ting-an Zhang,Guozhi Lv,Guoquan Zhang,Yan Liu,Weiguang Zhang
In the present study, the mechanisms and thermodynamics of vanadium extraction by a mixture of bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphorous acid (D2EHPA) and 2-ethylhexyl phosphorous acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA) from sulfate medium were investigated. It was found that the maximum synergistic factors obtained at X D2EHPA = 0.2 and the reaction of the synergistic extraction is exothermical. Results showed that the mixture system in the presence of complexing agents exhibit a higher extraction efficiency and require a lower acid consumption during the stripping process of vanadium. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed that P–O–H and P O of the extractants are responsible for the synergistic extraction of VO 2 + species by cation exchange mechanism and some hydrogen bonds between EHEHPA and D2EHPA formed in the synergistic extraction system. With the slope analysis method, the reaction of the synergistic extraction was mainly predicted.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Qiuping Li,Shaopeng Gu,Liang Yu,Funian Han,Jingmeng Dong
A method to separate vanadium (V) and chromium (Cr) from vanadium-chromium (V-Cr) slag was developed to treat the hazardous substances effectively. This approach was achieved by heating V-Cr slag with Na 2 CO 3 in air within a temperature range of 30 °C to 1400 °C. Through TG-DSC, XRD, SEM-EDS and XPS tests, the results showed that Na 2 CO 3 reacted with V compounds at lower temperatures, producing NaVO 2 and Na 3 VO 4 . At the high-temperature stage, Na 2 CO 3 reacted with Cr compounds, resulting in Na 2 CrO 4 and Cr 2 O 3 formation on the slag surface. As the temperature exceeded 1200 °C, volatiles (Na 2 CrO 4 , NaCrO 2 , and other Cr compounds) were generated from the residuals and collected by condensation to separate V and Cr. This method provides a novel strategy for eco-friendly resource utilization of V-Cr slag, which is highly efficient, minimizes hazardous wastes, and can be further promoted in the industry.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 11.4
Rongyue Geng,Baogang Zhang,Haoyi Cheng,Mengnan Wang,Zhi Dang
Microbial reduction under anaerobic condition is a promising method for remediating vanadate [V(V)] contamination in aquifers, while V(V) may be re-generated with redox fluctuations. The inability to remove vanadium after remediation has become a key issue limiting bioremediation. In this study, we proposed the use of pyrrhotite, a natural mineral with magnetic properties, to immobilize V(V) to insoluble V(IV) under microbial action and remove vanadium from the aquifer using a magnetic field, which could avoid the problem of V(V) recontamination under redox fluctuating conditions. Up to 49.0 ± 4.7 % of vanadium could be removed from the aquifer by the applied magnetic field, and the vanadium in the aquifer after the reaction was mainly in the acid-extractable and reducible states. pH had a strong effect on the magnetic recovery of V(V), while the influence of initial V(V) concentration was weak. Microbial community structure analysis showed that Thiobacillus, Proteiniphilum, Fermentimonas , and Desulfurivibrio played key roles for V(V) reduction and pyrrhotite oxidation. Structural equation model indicated the positive correlation between these genera with the magnetic recovery of vanadium. Real time-qPCR confirmed the roles of functional genes of V(V) reduction ( napA and nirK ) and SO 4 2− reduction ( dsrA ) in such biological processes. This study provides a novel route to sustainable V(V) remediation in aquifers, with synchronous recovery of vanadium resources without rebound.
研究领域:
环境微生物学
·
水资源管理
·
地球化学
·
生物修复技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）