ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2024
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IF 8.3
Ting-yu Zhu,Wan-jun Jiang,Shuang Wu,Zi-jie Huang,Yu-long Liu,Xiao-dong Qi,Yong Wang
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared stealth technologies are essential for military and civilian applications. However, it remains a significant challenge to integrate various functions efficiently into a material efficiently. Herein, a minimalist strategy to fabricate multifunctional phase change organohydrogels (PCOHs) was proposed, which were fabricated from polyacrylamide (PAM) organohydrogels, MXene/PEDOT:PSS hybrid fillers, and sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4·10H2O, SSD) via one-step photoinitiation strategies. PCOHs with a high enthalpy value (130.7 J/g) and encapsulation rate (98%) could adjust the temperature by triggering a phase change of SSD, which can hide infrared radiation to achieve medium-low temperature infrared stealth. In addition, the PCOH-based sensor has good strain sensing ability due to the incorporation of MXene/PEDOT:PSS and can precisely monitor human movement. Remarkably, benefiting from the electron conduction of the three-dimensional conductive network and the ion conduction of the hydrogel, the EMI shielding efficiency (k) of PCOHs can reach 99.99% even the filler content as low as 1.8 wt %. Additionally, EMI shielding, infrared stealth, and sensing-integrated PCOHs can be adhered to arbitrary targets due to their excellent flexibility and adaptability. This work offers a promising pathway for fabricating multifunctional phase change materials, which show great application prospects in military and civilian fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子工程
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军事技术
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Nano
·
2024
·
IF 15.8
Zhihao Sun,Zihao Guo,Shaoyao Tian,Jingyu Bi,Guangshen Li,Ying Sha,Jianshu Wang,Lanling Zhao,Lei Qian
In this study, highly monodisperse copper sulfide (CuxSy) quantum dots (QDs) have been successfully obtained using a ligand-chemistry strategy, and then a variety of S-deficient CuxSy/nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) heterointerfaces are constructed by compositional fine-tuning (Cu9S5 → Cu1.96S → Cu). First-principles calculations show that the S-deficient domains of CuxSy QDs and N-doped domains of carbon synergistically enhance the electron transfer from CuxSy to NC. In addition, the finite element simulations demonstrate that the diverse CuxSy QDs exhibit their intrinsic size and dielectric confinement effects to precisely manipulate the electric field distortion and improve the relaxation polarization. Consequently, CuxSy@NC achieves excellent impedance matching and a strong loss mode dominated by dielectric polarization. Among them, CuxSy@NC-650 has a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 7.7 GHz at 2.5 mm, while CuxSy@NC-700 features a minimum reflection loss of −66.7 dB at 13.7 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the simulations of radar cross-sections have confirmed that the CuxSy@NC series is promising in the field of radar stealth.
研究领域:
材料科学
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物理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Yihui Zhou,Jin Qian,Zhe Qiang,Weiqing Kong,Changhuai Ye,Meifang Zhu
Heterogeneous interfaces are crucial for enhancing the polarization loss in composite materials, thereby improving microwave absorption capabilities. However, creating well-defined multiple heterogeneous interfaces essential for optimal absorber performance presents a significant challenge. Herein, Fe/Fe 3 C@C magnetic-carbon composites featuring Fe-Fe 3 C-C multiple heterogeneous interfaces were fabricated through in-situ growth of Fe 3 O 4 on polydopamine nanospheres, followed by thermal reduction and carbonization. Owing to the controllable Fe-Fe 3 C-C multiple heterointerface design, the outer-layer magnetic components not only significantly improve impedance matching but also enhance the interface polarization loss. The optimized Fe/Fe 3 C@C-9–1 composite exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of −64.4 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.0 GHz at a thin matching thickness of only 1.5 mm, surpassing neat carbon nanospheres and most magnetic-carbon materials. Additionally, simulations conducted using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) demonstrate that the Fe/Fe 3 C@C-9–1 coating significantly reduces radar cross-section (RCS), with values below −20 dB across nearly the entire frequency range of 2–18 GHz, highlighting its potential for radar stealth applications. This work provides a simple yet effective approach for tuning the interface properties of carbon-based materials, underscoring the promise of Fe-Fe 3 C-C multiple heterogeneous interfaces in the development of broadband, thin microwave absorbers.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电磁学
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
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IF 13.3
Jiasheng Wei,Ping He,Yantao Yang,Chunxia Tang,Zhu Long,Xiao Chen,Tingzhou Lei,Lei Dai
The structural design of material significantly influences its electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance, providing an intelligent approach to attain desirable EMI shielding performances. Inspired by the ultra-large distance of the middle layer in corrugated paper, we proposed a novel composite paper with corrugated paper-like structure via the assembling of two pieces of surface-modified filter paper and an aerogel film. Specifically, a conventional filter paper was modified with the conductive hydrogel film consisting of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF), cationic starch (CS) and Ti 3 C 2 T x . The TOCNF and CS rapidly formed a composite hydrogel when mixed, due to their electrostatic interactions. The aforementioned aerogel film was produced through the freeze-drying of TOCNF/CS hydrogel, and it enlarged the distance between two conductive hydrogel film modified papers when inserted. The assembled composite papers demonstrated a maximum EMI SE of 71.0 dB, improved by 19.7 % as compared to the control without the aerogel film (59.3 dB). The expansion of the distance between conductive layers likely facilitated the enhancement in the multiple reflections and absorptions of electromagnetic waves. This novel composite paper showed better EMI shielding performance than many previously-reported materials considering the thickness and conductive filler dosage. In addition, the composite paper also showed exceptional infrared stealth capabilities since it effectively shielded the thermal radiation from human body. The composite paper still exhibited good infrared stealth ability at high temperature conditions (up to 120 ℃). Therefore, this research could inspire innovative concepts in designing high-performance and multifunctional EMI shielding materials in an economical way.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电磁学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2023
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IF 5.2
Keru Hou,Haozhe Ma,Hong Zhao,Xiaoyan Li,Jun Wang,Zaisheng Cai
The design and preparation of infrared stealth materials that meet the application in complex environments is urgently demanded in military fields. In this paper, composites with low emissivity and thermal insulation are designed to be used for indoor and outdoor infrared stealth. Thereinto, nanoPE-MXene, yttrium oxide coated hollow glass microspheres (HGMs@Y 2 O 3 ) and polypropylene nonwoven (PPF) were used as low emission, insulation, and antifouling layers, respectively. The sandwich-structured composite reduce the infrared radiation temperature of the 80 °C heat source object to 33.9 °C , and the average infrared emissivity of 3-15 μm is only 0.17. In addition, the infrared stealth performance of the composite is not affected by environmental changes. More importantly, the composite exhibits excellent anti-fouling and ageing resistance performance, which lays the foundation for the practical application of efficient stealth infrared materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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军事技术
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热能工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RARE METALS
·
2023
·Vol. 42
·期 11
·3829-3838
·
IF 8.8
Liu Xue-Feng,He Jiang-Feng,Li Ya-Ge,Li Hang,Lei Wen,Jia Quan-Li,Zhang Shao-Wei,Zhang Hai-Jun
Porous SiC ceramics (PSCs) are promising lightweight and efficient thermal insulators that can evade infrared detection by reducing the surface temperature of the protected object, which plays a crucial role in the development of new military equipment. However, the controllable synthesis of PSCs with both hierarchical pore structure and thermal/mechanical stability remains challenging. In this work, such PSCs were prepared by a facile foam-gelcasting/solid-state reaction method, using silicon powders and glucose-derived carbon as starting materials. The favorable dispersibility and wettability of hydrophilic carbon microspheres and the in-situ formed SiC guarantee the highly porous structure (92.8% porosity), comparable bulk density (0.20 g·cm −3 ) and reasonable mechanical property of the product. The designed PSCs performed outstanding high-temperature performance, especially thermal insulation in both oxidizing and inert atmospheres. More importantly, the composite architecture of PSCs and low emissivity layer (Al foil) exhibited desirable infrared stealth property (at a temperature up to 1100 °C), significantly extending the operating temperature range of thermal camouflage material. The unique combination of excellent properties would make PSCs a potential candidate material for future thermal protection and infrared stealth applications in an extreme environment. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
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航空航天工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials Horizons
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2023
·Vol. 10
·期 8
·2945-2957
·
IF 13.3
Xiaofei Li,Miao Jiang,Yiming Du,Xin Ding,Chao Xiao,Yanyan Wang,Yanyu Yang,Yizhi Zhuo,Kang Zheng,Xianglan Liu,Lin Chen,Yi Gong,Xingyou Tian,Xian Zhang
Due to their mechanical flexibility, conductive hydrogels have been widely investigated in the fields of flexible electronics and soft robots, but their non-negligible disadvantages, such as poor toughness and limited self-healing, severally restrict their practical application. Herein, gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) is utilized to initiate the polymerization and simultaneously serve as flexible fillers to construct a super-stretchable and self-healing liquid metal/polyvinyl alcohol/p(acrylamide-co-octadecyl methacrylate) (liquid metal/PVA/P(AAm-co-SMA)) double network hydrogel (LM hydrogel). The synergistic effect of the rigid PVA microcrystal network and the ductile P(AAm-co-SMA) hydrophobic network, together with the ionic coordination and hydrogen bonds between polymer networks (multiple physical cross-links), endow the LM hydrogel with excellent super-stretchability (2000%), toughness (3.00 MJ m−3), notch resistance, and self-healing property (healing efficiency > 99% at 25 °C after 24 h). The LM hydrogel exhibits sensitive strain sensing behavior, allowing human–computer interaction to achieve motion recognition and health monitoring. Significantly, owing to the excellent photothermal effect and low infrared emissivity of EGaIn, the LM hydrogel reveals great potential in infrared camouflage. The work of self-healing conductive liquid metal hydrogels will promote the research and practical application of hydrogels and liquid metal in intelligent devices and military fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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智能设备
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 8.4
Jiuao Wang,Zhen He,Zongliang Du,Xu Cheng,Haibo Wang,Xiaosheng Du
Phase change materials (PCMs) with superior solar-thermal harvest and efficient infrared stealth have crucial significance for modern military wearable thermal management but suffer from liquid leakage, poor motion detection, and intrinsic solid rigidity of conventional solid–liquid PCMs. In this work, highly stretchable phase change films (MPSPCFs) with sensitive motion detection, superior solar-thermal harvest, and efficient infrared stealth were designed using Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, silicone rubber elastomers, n-eicosane, and poly(vinyl alcohol). The MPSPCF exhibited excellent energy storage density (107.1 J/g), long-term thermal reversibility (100 cycles), and superior flexibility. The lamination of MPSPCF with natural cotton fabrics enabled effective infrared stealth for thermal targets. Furthermore, due to the introduction of the MXene/PVA layer, the MPSPCF processed excellent solar-thermal conversion efficiency (η = 86.7%) and sensitive strain sensing (GF = 4.45). The MPSPCF-based thermoelectric power generation system was designed, which generated a maximum power of 91.95 mW. The MPSPCF could also be utilized as a strain sensor to detect human movement, including the bending motion of the finger, wrist, elbow, and knee. Combining these multiple functions, the MPSPCF developed in this work has great potential for personal thermal management applications in both military and civil fields, offering new ideas for the design of advanced PCM composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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军事技术
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柔性电子
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBON
·
2024
·
IF 10.5
Huiliang Wen,Wei Xu,Sen Lin,Aiguo Guan,Yingna Zhang,Xin Li,Chongbo Liu
As a representative magnetic oxide absorber, Fe 3 O 4 has attracted considerable research attention owing to its remarkable magnetic saturation strength as well as semiconducting properties. Doping Fe 3 O 4 with La 3+ leads to 3d-4f magnetic coupling and ion distribution changes due to the unique electron configuration and large ionic radius of La 3+ , thereby greatly enhancing the magnetic performance. However, high density, low dielectric loss, and low permeability at high frequencies inhibit the electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) performance of ferrites. In this study, stick-shaped Sn metal-organic framework (MOF) is in-situ grown on La 3+ -doped Fe 3 O 4 using a surfactant. After high-temperature annealing, the SnO 2 /porous carbon composites derived from Sn-MOF wrap the ferrite, forming a core-shell heterostructure, which not only prevents oxidation but also enhances the EMWA performance. Among the prepared La x Fe 3-x O 4 /SnO 2 /C (LFSC) samples, LFSC-2 (with La x Fe 3-x O 4 to Sn-MOF ratio of 1:2) exhibits strong absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss ( RL min ) of −44.1 dB. Furthermore, the gradient metamaterial based on LFSC-3 shows ultra-broadband EMWA with an effective absorption bandwidth ( RL min ≤ −10 dB) of 13.17 GHz. In addition, the LFSC-2 sample demonstrates excellent radar stealth capability in the radar cross section (RCS) far-field response, achieving an RCS reduction value of 20.4 dB∙m 2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
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电磁学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Science and Engineering B-Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Lu Feng,Shicheng Jin,Wanchong Li,Yan Wang,Yu Mao
The development of broadband electromagnetic wave absorbing materials often faces challenges due to constraints such as thickness and mechanical integrity. To address these issues, this study has engineered and fabricated a Short Carbon Fiber (SCF)/Bismaleimide (BMI) foam Metamaterial (MM). This composite is composed of a crosshatch metal pattern, reinforced with glass fiber plastic (GFRP), and a BMI foam matrix infused with SCF as a functional filler. The electromagnetic field distribution and input impedance analysis indicate that the crosshatch metal pattern is adept at modulating the impedance of the SCF/BMI foam, thereby influencing the field distribution. This material demonstrates superior absorption characteristics, with reflectivity levels below −10 dB across the 5–18 GHz frequency range, achieved with a mere 4.7 mm thickness. Moreover, the designed material maintains outstanding performance even under oblique incidence, and it exhibits commendable thermal stability and mechanical robustness. The findings suggest that the proposed SCF/BMI foam MM has promising potential for applications in radar stealth technology for various targets.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电磁学
·
工程技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 18.5
Bai-Xue Li,Zhuo Luo,Hao Sun,Qiuyan Quan,Shuai Zhou,Wei-Guang Yang,Zhong-Zhen Yu,Dongzhi Yang
Most low infrared emissivity coatings for anti-infrared reconnaissance are merely suitable for targets warmer than their surroundings, and their flexibility and wearability are unsatisfactory for dynamic stealth applications. Herein, a spectral-selective and adjustable patterned polydimethylsiloxane/MXene/nanoporous polytetrafluoroethylene metafabric with an asymmetric structure is designed, which achieves spectral selectivity of reflection/emission in mid-infrared wavebands and synchronous reflection/absorption of solar light, integrating “shielded infrared stealth” and “compensatory thermal camouflage” in temperature-change scenarios. By synergizing the low infrared emissivity of MXene and the effective heat-transfer suppression of the patterned polydimethylsiloxane, the metafabric obtains an infrared emissivity of as low as ≈28% and minimizes the radiative temperature difference between a target of 36 °C and its low-temperature surroundings even to 2.5 °C. Conversely, the metafabric adaptively unitizes its surface infrared signature with its high-temperature background via the thermal energy compensation supplied by the solar-thermal/electrothermal conversion of MXene and the powerful radiation emission of the outer polydimethylsiloxane. Besides, the metafabric creates a comfortable skin-interface microclimate by the high solar-light reflection of the nanoporous polytetrafluoroethylene and exhibits satisfactory electromagnetic interference shielding performances, mechanical flexibility, self-cleaning, and antioxidation. This work provides a new strategy for designing multifunctional thermal camouflage materials for counter-reconnaissance in changeable surroundings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
·
热管理技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materiomics
·
2024
·
IF 8.4
Chengwan Yang,Kewei Li,Mengen Hu,Xinyang Li,Ming Li,Xiaoye Hu,Yue Li,Zhulin Huang,Guowen Meng
Carbon-based materials, renowned for their low density, adjustable electrical conductivity, superior corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, and have found extensive applications in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA). Despite their merits, the current EMWA and thermal insulation capabilities are not fully optimized, thereby restricting their applications in the aerospace sector. Herein, we introduce a combinatory methodology employing electrospinning followed by pyrolysis to in-situ integrate ZrO 2 and ZrB 2 nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon nanofibers, culminating in a flexible ZrO 2 /ZrB 2 /C nanofiber felt. The integration of ZrO 2 and ZrB 2 nanoparticles significantly augments impedance matching and promotes multifaceted scattering and interfacial polarization. Consequently, the ZrO 2 /ZrB 2 /C nanofiber felt demonstrates a minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of –54 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL≤–10 dB) is 3.1 GHz. Moreover, the three-dimensional porous architecture and the presence of multiple heterogeneous interfaces endow the ZrO 2 /ZrB 2 /C nanofiber felt with an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.016 W⸱m −1 ⸱K −1 at 1100 °C, underscoring its exceptional potential for infrared stealth. This work shows considerable guiding significance for the design of bi-functional EMWA materials with ultralow thermal conductivity in aerospace field.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
航空航天工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）