Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 25
·8524-8532
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IF 6.4
Luojia Huang,Hangtao Ye,Weidong Xiang,Hongbin Fan,Xiaojuan Liang
Zero-dimensional lead-free metal halides Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, Br, and I) have attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique structure, photoelectric properties and environment-friendly nature; unfortunately they are sensitive to humidity. Herein, Cs3Cu2I5 nanocrystals (NCs) were successfully precipitated in situ within glass using the methods of melt quenching and heat treatment (Cs3Cu2I5 glass ceramic). The optical characterization and morphological characterization provide evidence for the successful in situ precipitation of the Cs3Cu2I5 glass ceramic, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is as high as 63.3%. The water stability of Cs3Cu2I5 NCs is greatly improved due to the inorganic glass matrix, and the fluorescence intensity remains largely unchanged for 30 days. The Cs3Cu2I5 glass ceramic endows Cs3Cu2I5 NCs with a wider range of application areas. Finally, by constructing an X-ray imaging system using Cs3Cu2I5 glass ceramics, springs in opaque samples were observed to be visible, demonstrating the great potential of Cs3Cu2I5 glass ceramics with long-term stability for X-ray detection imaging.
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Energy & Environmental Materials
·
2026
·
IF 14.1
Rui Liu,Zhiyong Liu,Chengxu Lin,Chenyu Li,Tielin Shi,Xingyue Liu,Guanglan Liao
Perovskite single crystals have shown great potential in both direct and indirect X-ray detection. In direct detection, high leakage current and response drift caused by low resistivity and severe ion migration will lead to low device sensitivity and stability. In indirect detection, the reabsorption behavior and afterglow phenomenon caused by edge transitions in the scintillator will seriously damage its scintillation performance, thereby limiting the high-quality imaging of the detector at low doses. Herein, we demonstrate a brand-new co-firing slow solidification process to prepare large-sized In-doped Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 single crystals for direct and indirect detection. The regular-shaped Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 : In wafer used for indirect detection achieves a light yield of 74 368 Ph MeV −1 , which is the highest related to indium-doped Cu-based perovskites. The controlled cooling Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 : In single crystals, achieve a detection limit of 29.98 nGy s −1 and a spatial resolution of 15.1 lp mm −1 . We further fabricate a direct X-ray detector with a vertical structure of Au/Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 : In single crystal/Cu. The resistivity of the detector prepared by controlled cooling is 1.43 × 10 11 Ω × m, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the detector obtained by natural cooling (2.55 × 10 8 Ω × m). Meanwhile, under an electric field of 100 V mm −1 , the sensitivity of the controlled cooling detector is 4507 μC Gy −1 cm −2 , 188% higher than that of the natural cooling detector (2392 μC Gy −1 cm −2 ). These results prove that our process will provide new insights into high-sensitivity X-ray detection and low-dose X-ray imaging.
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Advanced Optical Materials
·
2026
·
IF 7.2
Yanqi Zhang,Leilei Zhang,Yusheng Ma,Haohang Song,Mingkang Yang,Huajie Wang,Linchao Fan,Xuesong Li,Yang Liu,Xutang Tao
Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 is a lead-free, zero-dimensional inorganic perovskite noted for its low toxicity, excellent stability, and outstanding optical properties, making it a promising scintillator. Large Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 single crystals are attainable by solution- or melt cooling; however, thermal stress associated with temperature changes often degrades processing yield and crystal quality. Here, we report the growth of large Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 single crystals (≈3 cm) using a settled temperature and controlled antisolvent diffusion method. The isothermal near-room-temperature growth condition eliminates thermal stress and improves mechanical robustness. The as-grown crystals are readily machined into wafers with high structural integrity, evidenced by a narrow rocking curve FWHM of 20.6″. Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 single-crystal wafers used for γ-ray detection to multiple sources ( 1 3 7 Cs, 2 4 1 Am, 6 0 Co, and 2 2 Na) exhibit outstanding scintillation performance, including a high light yield of 67 500 ph/MeV and an energy resolution of 4.4% ( 1 3 7 Cs). Furthermore, Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 crystal wafers were utilized as an x-ray imaging screen, achieving a spatial resolution of 19.3 lp/mm at an MTF of 0.2. The developed technique promotes Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 crystals toward ready-for-use applications.
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Materials Today Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 6.7
Xianjie Xu,Yanyan Wang,Xiuquan Gu,Xinkai Qi,Hongwei Liu,Lei Zhu,Peng Wang,Sheng Huang
Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a highly toxic gas, making its efficient and energy-saving detection at room temperature critical for industrial safety and environmental monitoring. In this work, a Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 /TiO 2 composite was fabricated via in situ pyrolytic encapsulation. The composite exhibits high sensitivity (0.29 @1 ppm), rapid response (25 s), and excellent selectivity toward H 2 S at room temperature. Theoretical calculations reveal that incorporating TiO 2 narrows the bandgap from 2.260 eV to 1.296 eV, thereby enhancing carrier mobility. Furthermore, TiO 2 passivation elevates the formation energy of iodine vacancies from 4.11 eV to 6.60 eV, suppressing defect migration and improving chemical stability (decay <6.7 % over 15 days). Calculated adsorption energies confirm significantly stronger adsorption of H 2 S (−4.44 eV) on Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 /TiO 2 compared to CO (−2.39 eV), CH 4 (−2.57 eV), SO 2 (−2.74 eV), and H 2 (−1.93 eV), consistent with experimental selectivity. To mitigate humidity interference, dynamic sensor signals were mapped into two-dimensional images using a Gramian Angular Summation Field (GASF) and processed via an AlexNet-based convolutional neural network. This approach achieves 97 % accuracy in interference elimination through time-series feature extraction. This study establishes a new paradigm for regulating electronic states, defects, and band structures in room-temperature gas sensors, advancing the development of intelligent sensing technologies.
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EcoMat
·
2022
·Vol. 4
·期 2
·e12184
·
IF 12.213
Baiqian Wang,Chen Chen,Xin Yang,Wensi Cai,Shuangyi Zhao,Ru Li,Wen Ma,Jiangzhao Chen,Zhigang Zang
Owing to the excellent optical properties, white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on metal halide perovskites have attracted great attention as promising light source for solid-state lighting and wireless visible light communication (VLC). However, the instability and toxicity of classic hybrid lead halides hinder their practical applications. Here, a pressure-assisted cooling method is developed to grow lead-free Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 and CsCu 2 I 3 single crystals, which exhibit more excellent stability, larger size and uniform orientations in comparison with pressure-free cooling method. Then, both single crystals are used as the emitters of WLEDs without encapsulation, exhibiting a high Color Rendering Index of 91, a decent Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinate of (0.33, 0.33), a proper Correlated Color Temperature of 5436 K, as well as an excellent 1350-h operating stability at atmosphere. Furthermore, the prepared WLEDs are utilized in wireless VLC, which possesses a −3 dB bandwidth of 10.1 MHz.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电
·
固态照明
·
可见光通信
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 26.8
Chao Xie,Deng Ke,Shunzi Li,Yuhang Shan,Can Fu,Xingang Ren,Liangpan Yang,Wenhua Yang,Zhixiang Huang
Multi-functional optoelectronic devices that integrate the capacities of neuromorphic processing and photodetection are of pivotal importance for advancing optoelectronic techniques. Here, we present a dual-functional optoelectronic device based on a multi-heterostructure of Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 /graphene/Ge, which realizes high-performance deep-ultraviolet (DUV) synaptic behavior and self-driven near-infrared (NIR) photodetection simultaneously. On one hand, the device leverages the photogating effect in the Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 /graphene heterostructure to produce persistent photo-conductivity, emulating synaptic behavior upon DUV light stimulation. Electron trapping by introducing B 4 PyMPM as capture sites significantly promotes spatial divorcement of photocarriers, guaranteeing remarkably improved synaptic characteristics. The utilizations in DUV fingerprint recognition with an accuracy of 97.8%, and optoelectronic reservoir computing with recognition accuracy reaching 100% for three 4-bit numbers are demonstrated. On the other hand, the device utilizes the photovoltaic effect in the graphene/Ge heterostructure to generate photoresponse at zero working bias, enabling self-driven photodetection upon NIR light illumination. The wide-bandgap Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 functions as an effective NIR anti-reflection layer to induce a strong light trapping effect, giving rise to boosted photoresponse properties. The excellent photoresponse supports the device in performing single-pixel NIR optical imaging. It is believed that this work is inspiring to the design of high-performance multi-functional optoelectronic devices toward integrated and intelligence applications.
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PubMed
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Yichen Zhu,Yubin Kang,Jing Su,Zhi Wen,Mingchun Li,Qiangqiang Zhu,Yue Zhai,Juan Kang,Yanghui Li,Le Wang
Lead halide perovskites have garnered interest in light-emitting diode (LED) applications due to their strong emission and tunable properties. However, conventional synthesis methods involve energy-intensive thermal processes and hazardous organic solvents, raising environmental concerns. In this study, we report a simple and eco-friendly mechanochemical approach that produces phase-pure blue-emitting Cs3Cu2I5 (emission at 440 nm) and yellow-emitting CsCu2I3 (emission at 570 nm) phosphors through polarity modulation and control of grinding duration. Our comprehensive analysis of the phase transitions during mechanochemical synthesis reveals that pure Cs3Cu2I5 was synthesized from a 3:2 precursor molar ratio in ethanol for 30 min, while pure CsCu2I3 was obtained from a 1:2 precursor molar ratio in an aqueous solution for 7.5 min. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses confirmed that phase-pure phosphors were achieved through these methods. Finally, we fabricated a series of color-adjustable LEDs by mixing Cs3Cu2I5 and CsCu2I3 phosphors in different proportions. This demonstrates the potential of our mechanochemical synthesis for the efficient, large-scale production of next-generation lighting materials with tunable emission.
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MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
·
2025
·
IF 5.5
Qi-Hua Yang,Han-Qi Wei,Shu-Juan Zhao,Gui-Hua Li,Xuan Liu,Le Fu,Zhi-Wei Luo,Jia-Yong Si,Ge-Mei Cai
In recent years, the proliferation of counterfeit products has led to increased concerns about anti-counterfeiting technology, with traditional single-mode fluorescence methods proving insufficient due to their susceptibility to replication. The new copper-based halide materials have shown great potential in the field of multi-mode anti-counterfeiting due to their unique structure, excellent luminescence performance, and high defect tolerance. In this work, near-infrared emission of Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 was achieved for the first time through Bi doping. By exploiting the dual emission center characteristics of the resulting Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 :Bi, we demonstrated its excitation wavelength-dependent emission. It was then mixed with cyclohexane to prepare an advanced fluorescent anti-counterfeiting coating for screen printing, enabling high-precision pattern printing onto various substrates. The resulting anti-counterfeiting patterns exhibit excellent weather resistance, remaining virtually unchanged after 60 days at room temperature. This study lays the foundation for expanding the emission range of Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 and adjusting multi band emission, and confirms its potential application in the field of multi-mode anti-counterfeiting.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19.9
Qi-Hua Yang,Han-Qi Wei,Gui-Hua Li,Shu-Juan Zhao,Zheng-Xiang Cai,Yu-Chen Ao,Qing-Hua Mi,Wen-Jun Wang,Ge-Mei Cai,Xiao-Long Chen
X-ray imaging plays an irreplaceable role in global security inspection, medical diagnostics, and industrial nondestructive testing, yet conventional single-crystal scintillators suffer from high costs, complex fabrication, and poor flexibility. Here, we report a flexible x-ray scintillator film (Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 :Ag@PE) that uniquely combines industrial-scale processability with ultra-high luminescence efficiency. Ag doping can cause lattice expansion and increase material density, boosting x-ray absorption and luminescence. Notably, the film is fabricated via scalable ball milling and industrial blown film extrusion. Compared to a maximum quantum efficiency of 43.3% typically achieved via the micropatterned method, our large-scale extrusion strategy delivers a remarkable PLQY of 75.4%. The film also exhibits excellent stability (89.6% retention after 2000 h) and radioluminescence efficiency comparable to commercial LuAG:Ce. Furthermore, it achieves an ultra-low detection limit of 212.5 nGy/s and a superior spatial resolution 175% higher than commercial CsI:Tl. This work highlights a scalable and highly efficient route toward high-performance flexible x-ray imaging for clinical and industrial applications.
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Nano Energy
·
2022
·
IF 19.069
Fei Gao,Xiaonan Zhu,Qiushi Feng,Weiheng Zhong,Weizhen Liu,Haiyang Xu,Yichun Liu
Lead-free metal halide perovskites are promising materials for future optoelectronic application , which have recently attracted great attention for their environmental-friendliness and excellent light emission properties. However, the development of deep-blue emission lead-free halide perovskite nanocrystal is still far behind in performance in comparison with its red/green counterparts. Herein, the lead-free Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 nanocrystals are prepared via a modified hot-injection strategy. By adding InI 3 as precursor, the synthesized Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 single-phase nanocrystals show a bright deep-blue emission peaked at ~440 nm, with a record high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) up to 96.6% at an optimized InI 3 content of 0.15 mmol. The InI 3 additive contributes to the high PL QY through both iodide vacancy reparation of I - ions and size-controlled growth of In 3+ ions. First principle calculations reveal that the broadband blue emission originates from self-trapped excitons in Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 , which are formed due to the excited-state lattice expansion and Cu-I bond lengthening of [Cu 2 I 5 ] 3- cluster under light excitation . The good stabilities of these Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 nanocrystals against heat, water, UV irradiation and environmental storage are also investigated experimentally and theoretically in detail. For application demonstration, light-emitting devices are manufactured by using these Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 nanocrystals powder as phosphor, which exhibit good working stability with a half-lifetime over 300 h. Besides, the Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 nanocrystals solution is also utilized as fluorescent ink, and the printed patterns can maintain anti-counterfeiting features even after treatment by heating and long-term environmental storage, indicating the robustness of these Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 nanocrystals for potential anti-counterfeiting application.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Xiu-Rong Yuan,Xiao-Song Zhang,Xing-Yao Zhao,Xiao-Kai Gong,Li−Na Kong,Bao-Zeng Zhou,Jian-Ping Xu,Lan Li
The outstanding photovoltaic characteristics of lead halide perovskites have made them a potential class of materials for upcoming optoelectronic applications. However, a major obstacle to the practical use of lead halide perovskites is the inherent toxicity and low environmental stability of lead. The exploration and development of nontoxic and stable alternatives for lead halide perovskites has therefore become an urgent and critical goal in the field of photovoltaics. In this paper, blue lead-free Cs3Cu2I5 nanocrystals (NCs) with bright emission were prepared by using KI as a metal additive through an improved thermal injection strategy. A breakthrough in the previous photoluminescence quantum (PLQY) yield of 97.2% was achieved when the content of KI was optimized to be 8%. Detailed experimental and theoretical studies have also been combined to conclude that the KI additive acts to passivate surface defects and that the broad-spectrum blue emission originates from self-trapped excitons. When combined with commercial indium tin oxide (ITO), the device may achieve broad-spectrum blue electroluminescence. Its low production cost and simple structure are its main features. Furthermore, we were able to improve the utilization of high-energy ultraviolet energy and overcome the weak absorption of short-wavelength silicon-based solar cells by using nanocrystals as down-conversion luminescent materials in conjunction with silicon-based solar cells. This increased the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) for the solar cells through approximately 0.5%. The result was achieved through the principle of down-conversion. Therefore, fully inorganic metal halide Cs3Cu2I5: K+ nanocrystals have great potential for future electroluminescence and photovoltaic applications.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2023
·
IF 13.1
Tao Chen,Xin Li,Yong Wang,Feng Lin,Ruliang Liu,Wenhua Zhang,Jie Yang,Rongfei Wang,Xiaoming Wen,Bin Meng,Xuhui Xu,Chong Wang
Low-dimensional halide perovskites have become the most promising candidates for X-ray imaging, yet the issues of the poor chemical stability of hybrid halide perovskite, the high poisonousness of lead halides and the relatively low detectivity of the lead-free halide perovskites which seriously restrain its commercialization. Here, we developed a solution inverse temperature crystal growth (ITCG) method to bring-up high quality Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 crystals with large size of centimeter order, in which the oleic acid (OA) is introduced as an antioxidative ligand to inhibit the oxidation of cuprous ions effieiently, as well as to decelerate the crystallization rate remarkalby. Based on these fine crystals, the vapor deposition technique is empolyed to prepare high quality Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 films for efficient X-ray imaging. Smooth surface morphology, high light yields and short decay time endow the Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 films with strong radioluminescence, high resolution (12 lp/mm), low detection limits (53 nGy air /s) and desirable stability. Subsequently, the Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 films have been applied to the practical radiography which exhibit superior X-ray imaging performance. Our work provides a paradigm to fabricate nonpoisonous and chemically stable inorganic halide perovskite for X-ray imaging.
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