CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Weiwu Ma,Jiahong Fang,Shams Forruque Ahmed,Xiaoming Guo,Song Fang,Yiman Xie,Gang Liu
Preparation of high-performance porous carbons from biomass precursors for supercapacitor electrode materials is challenged by their inherent rigid lignocellulosic structure, which hinders the precise control of pore architecture and effective heteroatom doping. This study proposed a novel two-step strategy utilizing CaCl 2 preactivation synergistically combined with microwave-assisted secondary activation to overcome those challenges. Experimental results show that, the CaCl 2 preactivation optimized the pore distribution and increased 39.3% nitrogen doping of materials, because Ca 2+ disrupts cellulose hydrogen bonding and promotes depolymerization. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations confirm that these nitrogen doping sites enhance K + adsorption capacity. Benefiting from this abundant N-doping and the rich sites induced on mesopores and micropores, the resulting SJ-KOH electrode achieved a high specific capacitance of 338.92 F/g (at 0.5 A/g) in a three-electrode system. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor device exhibited 264.10 F/g (at 0.25 A/g), a high energy density of 9.15 Wh/kg (at 62.35 W/kg), and maintained 6.18 Wh/kg even at a high power density of 4906.73 W/kg. Furthermore, it demonstrated excellent stability with 91.73% capacitance retention after 17,500 cycles (at 10 A/g). Mass production analysis indicates SJ-KOH exhibits the lowest cost per stored capacitance and superior performance over single-step (J-KOH) or conventional two-step (FJ-KOH) activations. This work would provide a feasible and cost-effective pathway to improve doping performance when producing high-performance carbon-based energy storage materials from biomass waste.
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高影响因子
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2018
·Vol. 71
·期 6
·416-421
·
IF 1.059
Ouyang Dong,Zhihong Zhang,Zhenhai Fu,Xiang Li
A new phase-change material (PCM) CaCl2·6H2O + MgCl2·6H2O + NH4Cl was investigated in this paper. MgCl2·6H2O and NH4Cl were mixed with CaCl2·6H2O to obtain CaCl2·6H2O as a eutectic hydrate salt. The results show that the eutectic composition of the PCM is as follows: 90 wt- % CaCl2·6H2O, 6.25 wt- % MgCl2·6H2O and 3.75 wt- % NH4Cl; the undercooling degree is less than 1.5°C when the nucleating agent is 2 wt- % SrCl2·6H2O or 1.5 wt- % Ba(OH)2·8H2O. The phase-change temperature and latent heat are respectively 25.3°C and 144.3 J g−1 when the composition is 90 wt- % CaCl2·6H2O, 6.25 wt- % MgCl2·6H2O, 3.75 wt- %, NH4Cl, with 2 wt- % SrCl2·6H2O as nucleating agent, and 2 wt- % carboxymethyl cellulose as thickener. In addition, when the composition is changed to 90 wt- % CaCl2·6H2O, 6.25 wt- % MgCl2·6H2O, 3.75 wt- % NH4Cl, 1.5 wt- % Ba(OH)2·8H2O and 2 wt- % carboxymethyl cellulose, the phase change temperature and latent heat are 25.2°C and 139.3 J g−1, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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热能存储
·
化学工程
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高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Min Ru,Boan Wu,Wei Zhao,Bing Yan,Tao Wang,Haoyi Sun,Bin He,Zengkai Ji,Zhenlu Liu,Wujie Ge,Shuijian He,Qian Zhang
Porous carbon materials are widely used as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their tunable structure and stability. Here, using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) as the carbon precursor, porous carbon foams with intrinsic oxygen were successfully constructed through a one-step calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) molten salt system assisted carbonization and activation strategy. During this process, the oxygen in CMC-Na is partially retained in situ while CaCl 2 not only acts as an activator to promote mesoporous structure development but also guides the formation of stable hierarchical pore structure through ion exchange effect. The optimal sample (C-5–900) exhibits an oxygen content of 4.6 at% and a specific surface area of 722 m 2 g −1 , demonstrating effective in situ oxygen retention and porous architecture. In a three-electrode system, this material achieved a specific capacitance of 172 F g −1 at a current density of 0.1 A g −1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Symmetrical supercapacitors (C-5–900//C-5–900) maintained 99.0 % and 89.5 % capacitance retention after 20,000 and 60,000 cycles at a high current of 30 A g −1 , demonstrating outstanding electrochemical stability. Notably, the device capacitance performance further improved with KI addition in electrolyte. This work provides a valuable synthetic pathway and performance reference for the controllable preparation of porous carbon materials and their application in high-efficiency energy storage devices.
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Coatings
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 6
·820
·
IF 3.236
Andong Wang,Jianhua Liu,Chenkang Shao,Youming Zhang,Caifeng Chen
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films are widely used in sensors for their wide response frequency, good flexibility, low acoustic impedance, and chemical stability. In this work, PVDF/CaCl2piezoelectric films were prepared by an electro-assisted 3D printing method and used to form a multi-layer composite film sensor. The study found that the addition of CaCl2can effectively increase theβ-phase content in the PVDF film and improve the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the PVDF composite film sensors. When the content of CaCl2is 0.15 wt.%, theβ-phase content of the PVDF/CaCl2composite film can reach the highest value of up to 48.47%, and the output voltage response of the sensor is 0.62 V at an input frequency of 10 Hz, 10 V voltage. The output voltage of PVDF composite film sensor with two and three layers is 1.306 and 1.693 times that of a single layer, respectively. The sensitivity of the multi-layer sensors has also been greatly improved.Keywords:3D printing;film;composite;sensor
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
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Journal of Materials Chemistry B
·
2024
·
IF 6.1
Jun Shu,Yao Wang,Guangpeng Zhang,Xuedong Shu,Tingting Xu,Junwei Zhang,Fang Wu,Jing He
Black phosphorus (BPs) nanosheets with their inherent and selective chemotherapeutic effects have recently been identified as promising cancer therapeutic agents, but challenges in surface functionalization hinder satisfactory enhancement of their selectivity between tumors and normal cells. To address this issue, we developed a novel biomineralization-inspired strategy to synthesize CaBPs-Na2FDP@CaCl2 nanosheets, aiming to achieve enhanced and selective anticancer bioactivity along with accelerated osteoblast activity. Benefiting from the in situ mineralization and fructose modification, CaBPs-Na2FDP@CaCl2 exhibited improved pH-responsive degradation behavior and targeted therapy for osteosarcoma. The in vitro results indicated that CaBPs-Na2FDP@CaCl2 exhibited efficient uptake and quick degradation by GLUT5-positive 143B osteosarcoma cells, enhancing BPs-driven chemotherapeutic effects through ATP level disturbance-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. Moreover, CaBPs-Na2FDP@CaCl2 underwent gradual degradation into PO43−, Ca2+ and fructose in MC3T3-E1 cells, eliminating systemic toxicity. Intracellular Ca2+ bound to calmodulin (CaM), activating Ca2+/CaM-dependent signaling cascades, thereby enhancing osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in pro-osteoblastic cells. In vivo experiments affirmed the anti-tumor capability, inhibition of tumor recurrence and bone repair promotion of CaBPs-Na2FDP@CaCl2. This study not only broadens the application of BPs in bone tumor therapy but also provides a versatile surface functionalization strategy for nanotherapeutic agents.
研究领域:
纳米医学
·
癌症治疗
·
骨组织工程
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材料科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2019
·
IF 3.131
Mengdie Lv,Cong Luo,Jian Yang,Yawen Zhou,Changyao Liu,Baocai Xu
Effect of the numbers of oxypropylene on dynamic interfacial tensions (IFT) of five extended surfactants C 12-14 P m E 2 S (m = 0, 3, 5, 8 and 12) were investigated. The effects of electrolyte (NaCl and CaCl 2 ) concentration, salinity, surfactant concentration were studied in detail. The IFTs between C 12-14 P m E 2 S aqueous solutions and n-decane obtained ultralow range at optimum NaCl concentration expect C 12-14 E 2 S. The optimum salinity (S * ) decreased with increase of number of oxypropylene. Also, the IFTs of C 12-14 P 8 E 2 S and C 12-14 P 12 E 2 S approached or obtained ultralow IFT in a wide range of CaCl 2 concentrations. The IFTs between C 12-14 P 12 E 2 S aqueous solution and n-decane decreased as salinity increased. With increasing surfactant concentration, the values of IFT decreased initially and then increased.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
界面化学
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Xuepeng Wang,Yongde Yan,Yanghai Zheng,Jing Pan,Qingguo Zhang,Yun Xue,Milin Zhang,Kai Zhu
The efficient recovery of the radioactive elements uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) from radioactive calcium fluoride slag is of great significance for the sustainable utilization of nuclear resources and environmental protection. Molten salt electrolysis technology based on pyrometallurgy, characterized by a streamlined process and the absence of secondary waste generation, is widely regarded as the most promising approach for the treatment of such radioactive residues. However, the physicochemical properties of molten salts and the underlying electrode reaction mechanisms under high-temperature conditions remain insufficiently understood and lack systematic investigation. In this study, by comparing the electrochemical parameters and physical-chemical properties of different molten salt systems, it was found that the CaCl 2 -CaF 2 molten salt system is a suitable choice for treating radioactive calcium fluoride waste. Due to the high radioactivity of plutonium (Pu), cerium (Ce) was employed as a chemical analogue of plutonium to investigate the electrochemical extraction of actinides in CaCl 2 -CaF 2 molten salt systems. The electrochemical behavior of Ce(III) on a W electrode and related kinetic parameters were investigated. Electrochemical analysis reveals that Ce(III) undergoes a quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled reduciton on inert W electrode. The process shows distinct adsorption and desorption, likely attributable to the coexistence of Cl − and F − ions. To better extract Ce, nickel (Ni) ions were introduced into the molten salt. The co-deposition behavior of Ce(III) and Ni(II) on the W electrode was investigated by electrochemical methods. The thermodynamic parameters of Ce-Ni intermetallic compounds at the experimental temperature were calculated. The results show that CeNi 5 has a distinct thermodynamic advantage in formation. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)， Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) characterization analyses confirmed the successful extraction of Ce in the form of the CeNi 5 intermetallic compound.
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Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 4
·1568
·
IF 3.4
Feng Wang,Yaoqi Gu,Jianrui Zha,Shuya Wei
Ca(OH)2nanoparticles are effective materials for cultural heritage restoration, hazardous substance absorption and photocatalyst. However, many methods are complex, and the particle sizes are usually above 80–100 nm, involving mediocre efficacy for application in the stone restoration field. In this work, Nano Ca(OH)2with diameters less than 70 nm and composited with Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) were successfully synthesized in aqueous media. The morphology and structure of the nanoparticles were investigated with TEM, HRTEM, XRD, Raman and FTIR. The particle size distribution and relative kinetic stability of the Ca(OH)2in ethanol were performed using a laser particle size analyzer and spectrophotometer. Firstprinciple calculations based on the spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) were carried out to study the reaction process and combination model. The nanoparticles, as prepared, are composed of primary hexagonal crystals and high ammoniated precursors, which have a positive effect on reducing the grain size, and interacted with the GQDs hybrid process. According to the First-principle calculations results, the energy variation of the whole reaction process and the bonding mode between Ca(OH)2and GQDs can be understood better.Keywords:Ca(OH)2;Graphene Quantum Dots;DFT;complex;nanoparticles
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
·
2025
·
IF 10.9
Guanting Liu,Xiao Yang
Coal fly ash (CFA), a major byproduct of coal-fired power plants, poses significant environmental challenges due to landfill accumulation and air pollution. Traditional recycling methods, primarily focused on construction materials, are limited by low efficiency, marginal economic returns, and potential ecological risks. This study proposes a high-value and eco-friendly strategy for CFA utilization based on molten salt electrochemistry. In this novel process, CFA is leached in molten CaCl 2 –CaO, and soluble silicate ions are subsequently reduced electrochemically to produce water-reactive silicon. The resulting silicon powder features a loosely agglomerated, submicron structure, showing high reactivity with water at temperatures near its boiling point and enabling on-demand hydrogen generation. This approach enables the efficient extraction of high-value silicon from CFA, offering a promising pathway for the clean and sustainable utilization of CFA in energy-related applications.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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能源化学
·
冶金工程
·
无机化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
·
2026
·
IF 2.6
Ge Chuntao,Sun Liwen,Kou Qian,Zhang Jun,Xiao Saijun
This work reports the controllable electrodeposition of dense, adherent metallic chromium coatings from a low-cost, environmentally benign NaCl-CaCl 2 -CrCl 2 molten salt. The influence of key process parameters, including cathodic current density (10-70 mA cm −2 ), temperature (620-720 °C), time (3-60 min), and substrate material (304 stainless steel, Ni, W, Mo), on the microstructure and growth behavior of the coatings was systematically examined. Optimal conditions were identified at 620 °C and 30 mA cm −2 , resulting in smooth, uniform, and fully dense chromium coatings. Under these optimal conditions, the coatings exhibited a strong (200) preferred orientation, with an average growth rate of 0.65 μm min −1 and a cathode current efficiency of approximately 96%. In contrast, higher current densities or elevated temperatures led to the formation of nodular structures and grain coarsening, attributable to mass transport limitations and enhanced adatom mobility, respectively. The process demonstrated excellent versatility, producing dense coatings on all tested substrates. Crucially, a strong metallurgical bond was formed via interfacial inter-diffusion. This study establishes a clear process-structure relationship, affirming this molten salt method as a promising environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chromium plating.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 33
·45549-45562
·
IF 7.8
Feng Jizhe,Li Yumeng,Yang Xiaoai,Zheng Jia,Chen Yixin,Justin Ko,Yang Jianzheng,Wang Jing,Jin Binbin,Yao Lin
Hydrogels are attractive for flexible electronics and wearable sensors, yet their performance is severely limited at subzero temperatures due to ice crystallization, dehydration, and mechanical embrittlement. Here, we report a CaCl 2 -enhanced double-network (DN) hydrogel (BNP- x ) that integrates excellent anti-freezing, mechanical, and adhesive properties with reliable strain-sensing capabilities. The hydrogel combines a covalently crosslinked P(NIPAm-co-HEA) network and an ionically coordinated poly(acrylic acid) network, in which Ca 2+ ions regulate water states and suppress ice formation. The optimized BNP-6 hydrogel exhibits excellent low-temperature performance, maintaining a tensile strength of 0.16 MPa and an elongation at break of ∼849% at –30 ° C with minimal mass loss and stable properties over repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Owing to the synergistic DN structure and mobile Ca 2+ ions, BNP-6 retains high ionic conductivity (44.1 mS cm –1 at –10 ° C), representing only a 17.9% decrease compared to its room-temperature value. Moreover, the hydrogel demonstrates stable adhesion, rapid strain response, and reliable sensing performance under subzero conditions—even during cyclic deformation and self-healing processes—highlighting its potential for robust low-temperature wearable electronics and bioelectronic interfaces operating in harsh environments.
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PubMed
高影响因子
CORROSION SCIENCE
·
2020
·
IF 6.479
Yang Du,Mingyin Kou,Jiguo Tu,Mingyong Wang,Shuqiang Jiao
The electrochemical behavior of TiB 2 anode is investigated in the present work in order to obtain the anodic behavior in molten CaCl 2 -CaO. The work reveals that the passivation film is generated on the surface of TiB 2 anode during the anodic polarization process, leading to a higher pitting potential than that of the Pt electrode. After 100 h potentiostatic electrolysis, the TiB 2 anode shows a corrosion rate as low as 1.38 × 10 -3 g cm -2 h -1 . The formation mechanism of the TiB 2 anode passivation film after electrolysis is determined as TiB 2 + O 2- → Ti(BO 3 ) + O 2- → TiO 2 + CaO → CaTiO 3 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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