ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
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2025
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IF 6.4
Yafei Wang,Weiqian Liang,Wei Cai,Jingyi Zhang,Weijia Guo,Biyun Qi,He Zhang,Haibao Lu,Zhen Ding
4D printing marks a significant leap beyond traditional 3D printing, enabling structures to morph and adapt dynamically to changing environmental conditions. Research efforts are increasingly being focused on this promising technology. Existing 4D printing methods, however, typically rely on shape-changing mechanisms that operate after material solidification in the 3D printing process, necessitating additional energy inputs or even manual mechanical interventions. In this study, we introduce a novel 4D printing approach that employs a specially designed dual-stage curing ink optimized for grayscale Digital Light Processing (g-DLP) 3D printing. This novel approach not only grants precise, on-demand control over the material properties of the printed structures but also seamlessly integrates shape transformation into the thermal curing stage of the 3D printing process, eliminating the need for extra energy or manual steps. Furthermore, these transformed shapes demonstrate exceptional robustness and permanence, as evidenced by our experimental results. We conduct a comprehensive investigation into the grayscale-dependent mechanical properties of this ink and highlight its potential applications through auxetic metamaterial lattice structures. The underlying mechanism behind this direct shape morphing during thermal curing is explored in depth, and effectively demonstrated in achieving desired shape transformations across various printed structures. The good agreement between our experimental results and simulations provides robust validation of our methodology. Our study provides a reliable framework for designing and optimizing 4D-printed structures with tailored properties and deformation behaviors, paving the way for future applications in various fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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工程学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2019
·
IF 3.45
Tianqi Zheng,Wei Wang,Jinxing Sun,Jing Liu,Jiaming Bai
Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a promising approach to fabricate delicate ceramic components with high-fidelity structural features. In this work, the alumina and zirconia/alumina ceramic suspensions with low viscosity and high solid loading (40 vol%) were prepared specifically for DLP 3D printing . After debinding and sintering, the final parts were obtained without any defects. The surface morphologies and mechanical properties of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composites were investigated and the results showed that the final parts exhibited high relative densities and good interlayer combination at the sintering temperature of 1600 °C. Comparing with the Al 2 O 3 , the ZTA composites exhibited significantly enhanced density (99.4%), bending strength (516.7 MPa) and indentation fracture toughness (7.76 MPa m 1/2 ).
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Manufacturing Processes
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2024
·
IF 6.1
Xin Li,Xinyue Wang,Deqing Mei,Chengyao Xu,Yancheng Wang
Fiber-reinforced composites, consisting of robust fibrous constituents and a resin matrix , have received considerable attention due to their superior mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and thermal endurance characteristics. Incorporating with honeycomb structure , a notable subset of porous structures can further reduce the weight of composites and maintain superior mechanical performance. However, fabricating fiber-reinforced honeycomb structures remains technically challenging. Herein, we proposed a novel standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) assisted digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing method for fabricating carbon nanofiber-reinforced honeycomb structures. An acoustic-assisted printing system was developed, and the working principle of using SSAWs for fiber-reinforced structures printing was investigated. With the assistance of the generated acoustic pressure fields induced by SSAWs, carbon nanofibers can be arranged into a strip-like pattern and thereby be cured within honeycomb structure by photocuring process. The compression tests are performed, and results demonstrated that the printed fiber-reinforced composites have low surface roughness and high printing accuracy. Additionally, compared to pure resin structures, there are approximately 18.1 % and 7.9 % improvements of ultimate stress and energy absorption of fiber-reinforced honeycomb, while randomly distributed nanofiber reduces the ultimate stress by 9.7 % compared to the pure resin structure. Thus, this study validates the ability of using acoustic-assisted printing method to fabricate fiber-reinforced honeycomb structures.
研究领域:
材料科学
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制造工程
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声学
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
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IF 8.2
Wei Chang,Kangkang Guo,Chaoen Jin,Bin Chen,Huimin Qi
Light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are regarded as one of the most promising manufacturing methods. However, 3D printed objects based on free radical polymerization have disadvantages such as anisotropy, poor mechanical strength, and heat resistance and cannot meet the requirements of high-performance applications. This study reports a class of acryloyl-functional benzoxazine exhibiting excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and flame retardancy. 3-Acryloyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine (Ph-am) and bis(3-phenyl-(3-acryloyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3)-benzoxazine) (Ba-am) have been synthesized by the Mannich reaction using acrylamide as the amine source. The acryloyl-functional benzoxazine was printed by a DLP printer. Then, the oxazine ring undergoes ring-opening polymerization under a high temperature to form a dense polymer, enabling the printed object to exhibit isotropy. The Mannich bridge and hydrogen-bond structure in polybenzoxazine enhance the mechanical properties and thermal resistance of printed objects. The glass-transition temperature (Tg) and tensile strength of dual-cured Ph-am reach 270 °C and 116.55 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, after blending modification with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurate triacrylate, hybrid polymer networks have been formed. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of dual-cured P8B2T1 reaches 130.89 MPa and 6.45 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the dual-cured P8B2T1 shows good flame retardancy. This high-performance photosensitive resin has great potential in fields such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2025
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IF 4.7
Zhenxiang Wang,Yunlong Guo,Ruiqi Feng,Weizi Gao,Zhijie Mao,Xingye Zhang,Biao Zhang
Mixed ionic and electronic conductive hydrogels have demonstrated significant application potential in biosensing, healthcare, and other fields. However, the lack of stable conductive pathways during processing and incompatibility with advanced manufacturing techniques hinders their practical advancements. Herein, we demonstrate a mixed conductive hydrogel that can be 3D printed via Digital Light Processing (DLP), where the electronic conductive pathway is composed of PEDOT:PSS and the ionic conductive pathway is formed by the photocurable polyionic liquid (PIL) (i.e., poly(1-2-acryloyloxy-ethyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide, PAEMIBr). This hydrogel exhibits excellent mixed conductivity (430 mS/m for electronic conductivity and 26 mS/m for ionic conductivity), as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), high shape-defined printing resolution (100 μm), and flexibility, with the conduction pathways of printed structures remaining uninterrupted after post-treatment (i.e., annealing and reswelling), providing insights for material design in flexible electronics and sensors.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物传感
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先进制造
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
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2022
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IF 4.783
Jian Liu,Shufeng Xiong,Hui Mei,Zhangwei Chen
The combination of polymer-derived ceramics and DLP 3D printing has significant advantages for manufacturing special polynary ceramics with complex structures. However, a large number of the organic components in the precursor rapidly burn out and release after evaporation during pyrolysis. This leads to structural retention issues such as sample deformation, shrinkage and cracking. The surface morphology and accuracy of the sample are greatly affected by the escape of organic matter and the release of thermal stress during the pyrolysis process. Therefore, this study employs the method of adding low-melting-point silicone oil based on the original material components. The slow burn-out process of silicone oil at a lower temperature can produce fine pores, which would aid the release of thermal stress. Additionally, it can provide channels for escape of the organic gas at high-temperature, which helps to reduce large deformation and cracking and improves the surface morphology and dimensional accuracy of the final pyrolyzed samples. The method studied in this work helps to enhance the structural retention of complex-shaped polymer-derived ceramics manufactured by 3D printing and high-temperature pyrolysis, which could be beneficial to the further mass fabrication of such ceramic products.
研究领域:
材料科学
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制造工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Virtual and Physical Prototyping
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2026
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IF 9.8
Cheng Wen,Xiangjun Zha,Lin Chen,Rui Li,Jigang Huang
Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing of nanocomposites holds great potential for manufacturing high-performance functional parts. However, balancing printing precision and mechanical properties, such as modulus and toughness, remains a significant challenge due to the complex nonlinear relationships between material composition and printing outcomes. As traditional trial-and-error optimisation is time-consuming and inefficient, here we propose a combined forward-inverse machine learning framework to accelerate the material design process. First, a MLP-based forward model is built to predict performance metrics from material formulas. Subsequently, a novel Gradient Refinement Loop (GRL) is developed for inverse design. By employing a fixed forward ensemble as the performance evaluator, this module iteratively optimises the input formulation through gradient descent to achieve the predefined target performance. The forward surrogate accurately maps the complex design space, achieving high predictive accuracy for printing precision (R² = 0.94), modulus (R² = 0.943), and toughness (R² = 0.90). Empowered by this surrogate, the gradient-refined inverse module identifies precise target formulations with exceptional fidelity, achieving R² values of 0.95, 0.96, and 0.915 for the respective metrics. The results demonstrate that the proposed data-driven approach effectively identifies optimised recipes that simultaneously satisfy stringent requirements for precision and mechanical strength.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2026
·Vol. 47
·期 4
·118965
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IF 6.3
Liang Zhang,Haitao Zhang,Wentao Xu,Jiquan Huang,Youfu Zhou,Maochun Hong
YAG:Ce phosphor ceramics are important color converters for high-power LED lighting. Vat photopolymerization enables complex ceramic geometries, but mixed oxide systems require control of slurry stability, reactive densification, and structure-property relationships. YAG:Ce ceramics were fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) using reactive oxide precursors. A co-dispersant strategy produced a stable photocurable suspension with 51 vol% solid loading, supporting reliable printing. Optimized air calcination regulated precursor reaction and densification, giving vacuum-sintered ceramics with a dense microstructure, low porosity (0.03%), and high in-line transmittance (78.48% at 600 nm, 0.8 mm thickness). A hill-array ceramic was further fabricated. Compared with the flat counterpart of equivalent volume, the structured surface improved heat dissipation and light extraction, reducing peak temperature (by 37.5 °C at 90 W) and increasing luminous efficacy (from 172.02 to 185.54 lm/W at 50 W). These results indicate the potential of DLP-fabricated ceramics as color converters for high-power LED lighting applications.
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Linyi Li,Xinglai Yuan,Yuxin Ma,Yuyang He,Linan Wang,Fan Zhang,Limeng Song,Rui Zhang,Bingbing Fan
Positively charged HFO and negative MXene were electrostatically assembled. • The interconnected porous Mxene/HFO/PAM hydrogel was precisely fabricated via DLP 3D printing. • The optimized absorber delivers ultrahigh RL min of −55.18 dB and broad EAB of 5.68 GHz. Architecturally engineered multifunctional hydrogels hold great promise for integrated electromagnetic protection and flexible electronics. However, achieving high-performance microwave absorption while maintaining structural flexibility and high-resolution printability remains a significant challenge due to impedance mismatch and unoptimized attenuation networks. Herein, a three-dimensional architectured MXene/HFO/PAM composite hydrogel was fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly and DLP 3D printing, yielding an integrated material system with efficient electromagnetic wave absorption and flexible strain-sensing capabilities. Positively charged HFO nanospheres were uniformly assembled onto negatively charged MXene nanosheets, constructing a hybrid dielectric-magnetic filler with improved interfacial compatibility. Combined with the three-dimensional interconnected porous architecture enabled by DLP printing, the optimized MHH-2 hydrogel achieved an RL min of −55.18 dB and an EAB of 5.68 GHz at a thickness of 2.7 mm. In addition, the integrated conductive framework and robust hydrogel network afforded excellent mechanical flexibility and stable strain-sensing behavior, with rapid response/recovery times of 200/350 ms and reliable motion-monitoring performance. This study offers a promising route toward architecturally engineered hydrogel-based integrated material systems for electromagnetic protection and intelligent sensing. Download: Download high-res image (209KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
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2026
·
IF 6
Yuanshuo Sun,Kezhen Lu,Xin Li,Hongna Fan,Shuxin Niu,Chong He,Jie Li,Minmin Li,Xiqing Xu
Complex-structured ceramic cores are critical components in the manufacture of aero-engine hollow blades. Nevertheless, traditional preparation processes are heavily dependent on molds, which significantly hinders the achievement of complex configurations. DLP 3D printing technology offers a new way to produce high-performance ceramic cores. However, challenges remain in controlling key properties such as porosity and mechanical strength, which hinders their widespread adoption. The effect of nano-MgO (0–8 wt.%) on the performance of alumina-based ceramic cores produced via DLP 3D printing was examined. It was observed that the room-temperature strength of the core first increases and subsequently decreases; meanwhile, the porosity shows a gradual increase, and the surface roughness first diminishes and then rises. The addition of 4 wt% nano-MgO effectively reduces interlayer cracks in sintered samples, thereby achieving the collaborative optimization of multiple properties. Furthermore, this addition ensures good surface quality with a surface roughness value of 2.21 μm, while simultaneously providing an appropriate porosity of 36.35%, a room-temperature bending strength of 58.62 MPa, and a high-temperature deflection of 3.23 mm. This research provides an important foundation for the improvement of DLP-printed ceramic cores and exhibits great promise for application in the casting of hollow turbine blades.
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
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2024
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IF 5.4
Shuming Liu,Chunhua Ge,Zhiqiang Li,Jinyao Shan,Keke Chen,Xuefeng Li,Yu Liu,Xiangdong Zhang
Digital light processing (DLP) 3D bioprinting technology has attracted increasing attention in tissue engineering in recent years. However, it still faces significant technical and operational challenges such as cell carcinogenesis caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light and the presence of heavy metal ions in complex photoinitiator systems. In this study, a novel strategy is designed to introduce carbon quantum dots into visible-light-induced silk fibroin bioink as initiators (CDs/SilMA) applied for DLP 3D bioprinting technology. The incorporation of carbon quantum dots facilitates the formation of precise hydrogel structures at 415 nm visible wavelength, enabling the creation of brain, bronchus, spine, and ear models. Replacing heavy metal photoinitiators with carbon quantum dots imparts fluorescence properties to the bioink and enhances its mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the fibroin protein-based hydrogel exhibits favorable properties, such as drug loading, slow release, degradability, and biocompatibility. This is the first study to propose the application of carbon quantum dots in silk fibroin-based bioink. Moreover, the resulting product demonstrates excellent compatibility with the DLP printing process, making it promising for practical applications in various tissue engineering scenarios with specific requirements.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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组织工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Additive Manufacturing
·
2020
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IF 7.002
Yu Liu,Zhangwei Chen,Junjie Li,Baoping Gong,Long Wang,Changshi Lao,Pei Wang,Changyong Liu,Yongjin Feng,Xiaoyu Wang
A flexible and integrated design and manufacturing process based on photopolymerization DLP 3D printing technology is proposed to fabricate tritium breeder units that can be used in fusion reactors. Defect-free cellular structures of lithium-enriched Li 4 SiO 4 is manufactured for the first time that can be used to replace the traditional pebble beds configuration to overcome problems resulted from stress concentration and difficulty in packing fraction improvement. As-received large Li 4 SiO 4 powder which is highly sensitive to air and ambient environment is protected and processed in inert glove box for the use in the preparation and optimization of stable photopolymerizable resin-based ceramic slurry suitable for DLP 3D printing . Appropriate debinding and sintering treatments applied result in homogeneous shrinkage and preserved features of the cellular structures, showing benefits for dimension control. The intact structures possess high phase purity and suitable and tailorable effective ‘packing fraction’ for breeding application. Mechanical tests and the obtained results compared with existing works further confirm that the cellular parts prepared in this work have advantageous performance. The unique advantage of flexible control in design and manufacturing of 3D printing may pave a promising way for greater possibilities to engineer novel tailored high-performance tritium breeder structures used in nuclear fusion technology.
研究领域:
材料科学
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核能工程
·
先进制造
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）