Insects
·
2023
·Vol. 14
·期 12
·959
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IF 3
Jun-Hyoung Jeon,Seon-Ah Jeong,Doo-Sang Park,Hong-Hyun Park,Sang-Woon Shin,Hyun-Woo Oh
Simple SummarySeveral plant species have diterpene compounds with juvenile hormone (JH) disruptor activity in insects. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) are two curcuminoid components of turmeric, interfering with the JH-mediated formation of the JH receptor complex. In vitro, DMC and BDMC also inhibit larval and pupal development inDrosophila melanogaster. The results suggest that both DMC and BDMC are JH disruptors that affect insect growth and development by regulating JH-mediated gene expression.AbstractJuvenile hormones (JHs) play a central role in insect development, reproduction, and various physiological functions. Curcuminoids generally exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and insecticidal, and they exhibit insect growth inhibitory effects. However, research on insecticidal properties of curcuminoids has been limited. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, studies on JHs of insects and curcuminoids are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the substances that act as JH disruptors (JHDs) from edible plants. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), two curcuminoids from the turmeric plantCurcuma longaL. inhibited the formation of a methoprene-tolerant (Met)–Taiman (Tai) heterodimer complex inDrosophila melanogaster, as shown through in vitro yeast two-hybrid assays. An artificial diet containing 1% (w/v) DMC or BDMC significantly reduced the number ofD. melanogasterlarvae in a concentration-dependent manner; larval development was disrupted, preventing the progression of larvae to pupal stages, resulting in an absence of adults. Building on the results obtained in this study on curcuminoids, researchers can use our study as a reference to develop eco-friendly pesticides.Keywords:juvenile hormone;methoprene-tolerant;diterpene;juvenile hormone disruptor;curcuminoids;demethoxycurcumin;bisdemethoxycurcumin
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 79
·期 11
·4309-4318
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IF 4.1
Yaluan Bi,Xuan Zhang,Xuefei Chang,Jiaxin Li,Shan Xiao,Bo Zhang,Cong Dang,Linlin Sun,Hongwei Yao,Qi Fang,Fang Wang,Gongyin Ye
Background Behavior-based manipulation is an essential part of Drosophila integrated pest management (IPM). Effective compounds are useful for improving the efficiency of baits and the development of attract-and-kill or push–pull strategies to manage Drosophila populations. Here, we investigated the olfactory behavior of two Drosophila species, as well as their pupal parasitoid, to volatiles from bananas, for the identification of effective compounds to control fly populations. Results The results showed that overripe bananas were most attractive to both flies, with a higher attraction index (AI) in Drosophila melanogaster than in Drosophila suzukii . The profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from bananas with three different ripening stages were compared, and six VOCs were selected for behavioral tests. D. suzukii showed significantly different responses to isoamyl alcohol with D. melanogaster . The effects of ethyl butyrate and ethyl isovalerate on the two flies were dose-dependent, with lower concentrations acting as repellent and higher concentrations acting as attractant. Isoamyl acetate, isoamyl butyrate and isoamyl isovalerate (0.005–0.05% v/v) were attractive to both flies. The parasitoid wasp Pachycrepoidus vindemmiae was repelled by isoamyl alcohol and ethyl butyrate, and attracted by ethyl isovalerate, but showed no significant response to isoamyl acetate, isoamyl butyrate and isoamyl isovalerate at the tested concentration . Conclusion This study indicated that the behavioral response of Drosophila to the odor of chemical compounds is dose-dependent. Isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate at certain concentrations could be used as repellents, whereas ethyl isovalerate as an attractant in control strategy design for D. suzukii. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
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2025
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IF 7.7
Huan Zhou,Jin Zhang,Long-Long Fan,Zhi Yuan,Qi Lu,Gang Liu,Yu-Hong Nie,Yi-Fan Hu,Shen-Dong Xu,Xu-Dong Zhang,Ye-Xin Luo,Hua-Long Zhu,Wei Chang,Yong-Wei Xiong,Hua Wang
Chaohu Lake, a vital freshwater resource for surrounding communities, faces environmental stress due to industrial and mining activities, leading to metal contamination. However, the potential ecotoxicological effects of these metals remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed spatial metal distributions in the lake and developed a Drosophila model exposed to region-specific raw water samples. Our results revealed significantly elevated total metal levels in the western region compared to other areas. Male Drosophila exposed to western raw water exhibited >20% reduced climbing ability and reproductive deficits, suggesting metals as likely contributors to these adverse effects. Notably, the primary characteristics of the observed reproductive dysfunction included a >20% reduction in motor activity and a more than twofold increase in brain aging in offspring following paternal exposure to western water. Comparative analysis with China’s surface water standards identified barium (Ba), molybdenum (Mo), and cadmium (Cd) as key metals in the western region. Crucially, paternal exposure to these metals alone recapitulated the offspring’s motor decline and brain aging. We conclude that Ba, Mo, and Cd may be the key metals responsible for Chaohu Lake water-induced paternal motor/reproductive dysfunction and impaired offspring motor performance, with brain senescence potentially mediating the offspring’s motor deficits.
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Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
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2024
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IF 4.6
Zhao Liusha,Luo Ting,Zhang Hong,Fan Xinxin,Zhang Qiaoqiao,Chen Haiyang
Introduction: Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are crucial for tissue repair and homeostasis because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate. However, their functionality declines significantly with age, resulting in reduced tissue regeneration and a higher risk of age-related diseases. Addressing this decline in ISC performance during aging presents a substantial challenge. The specific impact of nutrients or dietary elements on ISC adaptive resizing is urgent to explore.Methods: Drosophila ISCs are an ideal model for studying development and aging because of their genetic richness, ease of manipulation, and similarity to mammalian tissues. As the primary mitotically active cells in the Drosophila gut, ISCs are flexible in response to dietary and stress signals. Manipulating signaling pathways or dietary restrictions has shown promise in regulating ISC functions and extending lifespan in flies, these approaches face broader applications for aging research.Results: Kaempferol is well-regarded for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer effects. However, its impacts on ISCs and the associated mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Our findings indicate that Kaempferol accelerates gut recovery after damage and improves the organism’s stress tolerance. Moreover, Kaempferol suppresses the hyperproliferation of aging ISCs in Drosophila. Further investigation revealed that the regulatory effects of Kaempferol on ISCs are mediated through the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in aging flies and the modulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via ER-stress pathways. Furthermore, Kaempferol exerts regulatory effects on the insulin signaling pathway, thereby contributing to the attenuation of ISC senescence.Discussion: This study reveals that Kaempferol promotes intestinal homeostasis and longevity in aging flies by targeting ER stress and insulin signaling pathways, though the exact molecular mechanisms require further exploration. Future research will aim to dissect the downstream signaling events involved in these pathways to better understand how Kaempferol exerts its protective effects at the molecular level.
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JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
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2025
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IF 2.4
Yulian Peng,Jinliang Lyu,Qinwei Li,Petros Ligoxygakis,Yuxian Xia,Qi Xiao
The immune response of insects to pathogenic micro-organisms infection usually exhibits significant sex differences. Understanding this sexual dimorphism elucidates how immunity interplays with reproductive strategy, metabolic status and environmental factors. In this study, we showed female Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) survived better than males when infected with Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421. This sex-specific survival difference depends on the Toll pathway, which is critical for innate immunity. We systematically compared innate immunity, including humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and melanization, between infected male and female flies. Female flies displayed a faster humoral immune response, characterized by earlier upregulation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) expression in both fat body and gut. On the other hand, male flies exhibited a stronger early cellular immune response, marked by increased expression of genes associated with hemocyte clotting and phagocytosis. While male flies upregulated melanization related Prophenoloxidase (PPO) earlier than female flies, both sexes significantly increased phenoloxidase (PO) activity after fungal infection. Fungal load quantification revealed that CQMa421 proliferated more quickly in females than in males. Collectively, our data indicate that each sex exhibits advantages in specific immune response, and that sex-biased survival outcome arises from the integration of multiple host defense mechanisms.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2024
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IF 6.2
Yuanyuan Song,Xing Zhang,Binquan Wang,Xiaoxiao Luo,Ke Zhang,Xiaoyan Zhang,Qian Wu,Mingkuan Sun
Bisphenol AP (BPAP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, may cause neurodevelopmental disorders affecting human health. Studies have shown that BPAP impacts hormone synthesis and metabolism, causes social behavior abnormalities, and induces anxiety-like behavioral impairments in mice. However, evidence for the neurobehavioral effects of BPAP is still lacking. Here, we examined the toxic effects of BPAP on neurodevelopment using a Drosophila model. We assessed the role of BPAP exposure in autism-like behavior and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicated that BPAP exposure reduced pupation and eclosion rates and delayed growth in Drosophila . Furthermore, BPAP exposure caused autism-like behaviors, characterized by increased grooming times and aberrant social interactions, along with abnormalities in locomotor activity, as well as learning and memory ability. Mechanistically, we found that BPAP decreases the number of neuroblasts (NBs) and mature intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) in the 3rd larval brain, impairing axon guidance in the mushroom body of the adult Drosophila brain. Additionally, our transcriptome analysis revealed that BPAP exposure alters the expression of neurodevelopment-related genes ( Nplp3 , sand , lush , and orco ) and affects the estrogen signaling pathway ( Hsp70Ab , Hsp70Bc , Hsp70Ba , and Hsp70Bb ). These changes potentially explain the BPAP-induced autism-like behavior in Drosophila .
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Advanced Science
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2025
·
IF 14.1
Xu Liu,Jiajia Fang,Dawei Cheng,Wei Luan,Yan Lv,Wen Hu,Lei Pan,Yong Zhang
Circadian clocks orchestrate temporal regulation of diverse physiological processes, including innate immunity and oxidative stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which core clock components modulate immune tone and redox homeostasis remain elusive. Here, the circadian transcription factor CLOCK (CLK) is identified as a key regulator of oxidative stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster . Loss of clk significantly enhances survival under oxidative stress, accompanied by constitutive activation of innate immune pathways. Mechanistically, the RNA-binding protein Achilles (ACHL) is identified as a critical downstream effector of CLK. Indeed, CLK drives rhythmic transcription of Achl , and ACHL post-transcriptionally represses the NF-κB homolog Relish by promoting its mRNA degradation, thereby limiting immune overactivation. Disruption of this regulatory cascade, through loss of either clk or Achl , leads to increased Relish abundance, excessive immune gene expression, and enhanced oxidative stress resistance. Genetic suppression of Relish reverses these phenotypes, establishing a functional CLK–ACHL –Relish axis that links circadian output to immune restraint. Importantly, this regulatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved, as Clock -deficient mammalian cells exhibit increased resistance to oxidative injury. Together, the findings uncover a post-transcriptional immune checkpoint controlled by circadian networks, linking immune quiescence with redox adaptation.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2026
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IF 4.8
Fang Li,Chen Yan,Yitian Min,Wenbin Li,Siying He,Weiping Xiong,Zhuotong Zeng,Biao Song
Neonicotinoids have become widely used in modern global agricultural production, resulting in their increasing presence in ecosystems and environmental media. However, there is still limited available information about the potential environmental and health impacts of neonicotinoids. In this study, fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) were exposed to four commonly used neonicotinoids imidacloprid (IMI), thiamethoxam (TMX), clothianidin (CLO), and dinotefuran (DIN) to elucidate the adverse effects of neonicotinoids on non-target organisms. In-vivo studies have shown that neonicotinoids exposure led to shortened lifespan, developmental inhibition, and impaired locomotor function in fruit flies. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that neonicotinoids exposure altered the expression of genes related to metabolism, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and oxidative phosphorylation. Targeted enzyme activity analysis, morphological and functional changes further confirmed the toxic effects induced by neonicotinoids exposure. In-vitro studies showed that the level of reactive oxygen species, the main marker of oxidative stress, increased significantly by 15.91%–83.62% after neonicotinoids exposure. The results of transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed that neonicotinoids exposure affected mitochondrial integrity, caused mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as triggered apoptosis. Collectively, this study reveals that neonicotinoids IMI, TMX, CLO, and DIN exposure could affect the development and health of fruit flies, providing valuable insights for the ecological risk assessment and rational use of neonicotinoids.
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Frontiers in Nutrition
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2026
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IF 5.5
Quanyong Wu,Boya Ouyang,Hui Cao,Min Zhang,Mohamed A. Farag,Thomas Efferth,Jesus Simal-Gandara,Jianbo Xiao
IntroductionLuteolin is a dietary flavonoid widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants and is recognized for its antioxidant and health-promoting properties. However, its effects on physiological aging and the influence of developmental stage and biological sex remain poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, Drosophila melanogaster was exposed to luteolin during either adulthood or embryonic development and evaluated for lifespan, healthspan, metabolic regulation, and aging-related molecular changes.ResultsAdult supplementation exerted pronounced female-specific benefits, increasing median lifespan by 11.6%, improving locomotor activity and stress resistance, with little effect on body weight, whereas males showed little response. Notably, short-term supplementation during early adulthood produced sustained protective effects later in life. Mechanistically, luteolin enhanced antioxidant defenses, suppressed IIS/PI3K–mTOR signaling, activated AMPK/MAPK pathways, promoted autophagy and immune homeostasis, and induced metabolic remodeling associated with reduced mitochondrial stress and favorable histone modifications. In contrast, embryonic exposure shortened lifespan and disrupted endocrine and metabolic homeostasis, as evidenced by elevated juvenile hormone levels, reduced catalase activity, and dysregulated IIS signaling.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the biological effects of luteolin on aging are highly dependent on developmental stage and biological sex in Drosophila. The beneficial effects observed in adult females were associated with coordinated changes in nutrient-sensing pathways, metabolism, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic regulation, whereas developmental exposure produced adverse outcomes. Collectively, this study provides new insights into the context-dependent actions of dietary flavonoids in Drosophila and highlights the importance of developmental stage and biological sex when evaluating nutritional interventions for healthy aging.
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Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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2025
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IF 6.2
Qianhua Yuan,Wanhan Song,Ya Wang,Yutong Xie,Dazhang Deng,Nageena Qayyum,Huawen Li,Honghui Guo
Long-term consumption of a Western diet (WD) increases the risks of obesity and age-related pathologies. Anthocyanins have shown potential in counteracting metabolic dysregulation associated with WD; however, their low stability and bioaccessibility hinder their ability to deliver optimal biological and pharmacological effects. Encapsulation presents significant advantages for enhancing the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins. This study evaluated nanoencapsulated roselle anthocyanins extract (Nano-RAE) in mitigating WD-induced metabolic disturbances and lifespan reduction in Drosophila melanogaster . Male flies were divided into three groups: control, WD, and WD + RAE (5 mg/mL Nano-RAE). Body weight, triglycerides (TG) levels, lifespan, locomotor function, intestinal integrity, oxidative stress markers, mitochondrial function, and related pathways were assessed. Nano-RAE significantly extended the maximum lifespan of WD-fed flies, from 61.1 to 81.9 days. It reduced TG levels, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress while enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, Nano-RAE enhanced climbing ability, maintained intestinal barrier integrity, and restored mitochondrial function through enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings supported that Nano-RAE alleviates WD-induced metabolic dysfunction and aging by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, highlighting its potential as a dietary intervention for obesity and age-related disorders.
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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2022
·Vol. 102
·期 11
·4802-4812
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IF 4.125
Dan He,Qifang Wu,Chenying Lu,Jinlan Wu,Peichao Chen,Mingjiang Wu,Jong-il Choi,Haibin Tong
BACKGROUND Prebiotics, such as algal polysaccharides, can be used to manage metabolic diseases by modulating gut microbiota. However, the effect of Pyropia yezoensis porphyran (PYP), a red algal polysaccharide, on gut microbiota has not been reported. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine effects of PYP on metabolic disorders caused by high sucrose (HS) and underlying mechanisms involved in such effects. RESULTS Biochemical analysis demonstrated that an HS diet increased triglyceride and circulating sugar contents (metabolic abnormalities) in Drosophila larvae. It also increased the relative abundance of harmful microbiota within the larvae as identified by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. PYP supplementation at 25 and 50 g kg −1 equivalently reduced metabolic abnormalities in the HS group. Therefore, 25 g kg −1 PYP was selected to investigate its effects on the metabolic pathway and gut microbiota of larvae in the HS group. The activity of PYP in ameliorating metabolic abnormalities by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was consistent with the expression trend of key factors involved in metabolism regulation. PYP reduced the relative abundance of bacteria causing metabolic abnormalities, such as Escherichia–Shigella and Fusobacterium , but increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus and Akkermansia . However, PYP had no effect on triglyceride and circulating sugar contents in HS-fed larvae treated with a mixture of antibiotics designed to remove gut microbiota. CONCLUSION PYP exhibits anti-metabolic disorder activity by modulating gut microbiota, thereby supporting the development of PYP as a functional prebiotic derived from red algae food. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
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2021
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IF 3.228
Qing Zhang,Lichong Hao,Yu Hong
Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) as one of the most commonly used phthalates, has been found in various environmental samples and is considered to have potential risks to ecosystem. Till now, DINP has no clear effect consensus on insects from development to behavior and even mechanisms. Here, Drosophila melanogaster was selected as model organisms and the toxic effects of DINP (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0%) ( v /v) on its metamorphosis, crawling behavior, intestinal cells and cellular redox balance were investigated. During metamorphosis process, lower hatching rate, longer development time, lighter body weight and malformation were observed at high concentration groups. The crawling ability of larvae was severely inhibited by DINP and the movement distance was drastically reduced. DINP could cause severe damage to the larval intestinal cells in the dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. DINP was found to induce redox imbalance with activities of two important antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) increasing, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level fluctuation in larvae. Our findings provide theoretical basis and data support for scientific management of DINP to reduce ecological risk.
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