POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2026
·
IF 8.1
Duo Ji,Chunyang Li,Zhen Li,Xu Yang,Xiansheng Chen,Hong Zhao
The swelling of rubber caused by silicone grease significantly accelerates the deterioration of the electrical properties of cable accessories, particularly at the surface and interface regions. This study investigates the impact of swelling aging on the insulation performance and trap characteristics of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) modified by the voltage stabilizer 4-allyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (AOHBP). Physicochemical characterization, electrical measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to analyze the evolution of EPDM insulation performance under silicone grease swelling. Results indicate that the swelling process alters the trap distribution and reduces the density of deep traps, thereby weakening the material's insulation performance. However, compared to unmodified samples, the grafted EPDM exhibits a higher EPDM/XLPE interfacial breakdown strength and improved anti-swelling capability. Mechanism analysis reveals that the grafted AOHBP introduces steric hindrance, which inhibits the diffusion of silicone grease molecules into the EPDM matrix, effectively alleviating the degradation of surface and interface insulation performance induced by swelling.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Qingkun Liu,Daigang Peng,Peng Wei,Hongjie Song,Chuanbo Cong,Xiaoyu Meng,Qiong Zhou
A macromolecular antioxidant PM containing thioether and aromatic secondary amine was synthesized by the thiol-ene click reaction between the antioxidant N-(4-aminophenyl)maleimide (MC) and pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercapto propionate) (PETPM). Then, the curing properties and anti-oxidation properties of PM in EPDM were investigated. The results showed that PM reduced the negative effect of the coexisted of PETPM and MC (PETPM+MC) on rubber curing and improved the crosslinking density of the rubber. PM also exhibited high anti-volatility and anti-migration properties due to its high molecular mass. Moreover, the aromatic secondary amine group in PM was able to capture aging radicals and inhibit the occurrence of oxidation reactions, while the thioether group effectively decomposed hydroperoxides and inhibited the occurrence of autocatalytic oxidation reactions. The combination of these two groups improved the anti-oxidation properties of EPDM. As a result, PM/EPDM demonstrated the lowest crosslinking density change rate and carbonyl index, as well as the largest aging coefficient K when compared to the EPDM containing low molecular weight antioxidants (PETPM/EPDM, MC/EPDM, MC+PETPM/EPDM).
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 35
·20588-20594
·
IF 3.119
BinXiao Wei,XiaoTong Yi,YongJian Xiong,XinJing Wei,YaDong Wu,YuDong Huang,JinMei He,YongPing Bai
Due to the development of the aerospace technology, the requirements for composite materials have become stricter. Thus, in this work, a completely novel technology, which has not been reported elsewhere, was used to prepare a composite of a carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (CFRP) and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), which was denoted as CFRP/EPDM; CFRP and EPDM are commonly used as a shell and heat insulation layer, respectively, in the solid rocket industry. The composite system had good adhesive ability, as confirmed by the 90° peel strength test, even though the EPDM rubber is non-polar in nature. Additionally, the adhesive mechanism between CFRP and EPDM was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the Td10% value of the CFRP/EDPM composite was slightly higher than that of CFRP. According to the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy results of the EPDM rubber and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CFRP, we can conclude that the co-curing method will not damage the properties of CFRP and EPDM.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物复合材料
·
航空航天工程
·
粘接技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.1
Huaping Guan,Jincheng Zhang,Shuangshuang Lv,Jing Zhong,Fangshan Li
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is widely used in automotive applications but suffers from poor fire safety. Conventional flame retardants can improve flame resistance only at high loadings, which usually cause serious deterioration of mechanical properties. To overcome this trade-off, multifunctional organic–inorganic hybrid particles (h-BN@TAMAA) were engineered from h-BN through interfacial regulation to provide synergistic effects. With h-BN@TAMAA, the loading of conventional flame retardants was reduced by 37.5% while maintaining a UL-94 V-0 rating. Benefiting from the combined effects of increased rubber content and the reactive structure of h-BN@TAMAA, the composites achieved a tensile strength of 14.2 MPa and an elongation at break of 418%, corresponding to only 9.5% and 10.1% losses, respectively, relative to the blank sample. Cone calorimetry further revealed improved fire safety, with peak heat release rate, total heat release, and carbon monoxide production rate reduced by 14.9%, 19.8%, and 80.0%, respectively, compared with the reference material. This work provides a practical strategy for simultaneously enhancing flame retardancy and mechanical integrity in EPDM.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Youquan Ling,Bolin Xiao,Junjie Liu,Shuangjiang He,Luxiang Zhao,Yanjiang Bai,Xi Zhang,Mei Liang,Yang Chen,Huawei Zou
In this study, a hybrid interfacial phase was constructed between aramid fibers (AFs) and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), two environmentally-friendly materials. Specifically, CMC self-assembled into a folded interfacial layer through hydrogen bonding with hydroxyl groups on AF surfaces, while SiO 2 nanoparticles were subsequently adsorbed to generate nanoscale roughness. Low-field NMR and AFM analyses revealed that this synergistic modification significantly enhanced fiber-matrix infiltration, forming mechanical interlocking via hydrogen bonds and topological entanglement. Consequently, the tensile strength of both AFs/EPDM composites (F1414 and F12) was increased by more than 20 %. In situ SEM observations further elucidated the positive correlation between interfacial reinforcement and mechanical performance. Moreover, comparative studies on two AF types (F1414 and F12) indicated that the Si-rich interfacial layer not only improved carbonization density but also enhanced ablation resistance (mass loss reduced by 28 %) and thermal insulation (back temperature reduced by 22.4 °C). This facile and environmentally benign strategy provides a scalable approach for fabricating high-performance composites using sustainable materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2025
·
IF 5.5
Fangshan Li,Kaixiong Zhao,Yuchao Ke,Chun Yang,Bibo Wang,Fukai Chu,Weizhao Hu,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is widely used in automotive and HVAC sealing systems, where its long-term thermal-oxidative stability and fire safety are critical, yet challenged by high-temperature operation and flammability risks. To address these limitations, this work develops a surface-engineered boron nitride synergist (h-BN@PDT) through NaOH-assisted hydroxylation and subsequent functionalization with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and tannic acid. The modified h-BN@PDT integrates phosphorus/nitrogen flame-retardant groups and radical-scavenging phenolic hydroxyls, achieving multifunctional enhancements in EPDM composites. Thermal-oxidative aging tests (125 °C, 168 h) demonstrated exceptional stability, with 11.12 MPa of tensile strength for aged h-BN@PDT/EPDM, compared to 2.78 MPa of traditional flame-retardant EPDM without BN fillers. Doubling oxidation induction time was attributed to enhanced thermal conductivity and pyrolysis activation energy, which contributed to BN’s oriented heat-transfer pathways and phenolic hydroxyl-mediated radical quenching. Flame retardancy evaluations revealed that h-BN@PDT can effectively replace partial conventional flame retardants while enabling the composite to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating with only 25 phr of flame-retardant loading. Cone calorimetry tests demonstrated a significantly reduced heat and smoke release rate. Mechanistic studies identified that h-BN@PDT enhances flame retardancy through the synergistic effects of the lamellar barrier effect and promoted catalytic charring capability. These mechanisms effectively inhibit heat transfer, block the diffusion of pyrolysis products, and restrict oxygen access, thereby substantially improving the flame-retardant efficiency of conventional systems. This work resolves the inherent trade-offs among flame retardancy, aging resistance, and mechanical integrity in EPDM, offering a scalable strategy for next-generation sealing materials in electric vehicles and high-temperature engineering applications.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2019
·Vol. 12
·期 24
·4035
·
IF 2.972
Junsheng Wang,Lei Xue,Bi Zhao,Guide Lin,Xing Jin,Dan Liu,Haibo Zhu,Jinjun Yang,Ke Shang
The intumescent flame retardant ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) was prepared using intumescent flame retardant (IFR), including ammonium polyphosphate (APP) /pentaerythrotol (PER) and expandable graphite (EG), as the flame retardant agent. The effects of IFR and EG on the flame retardancy, fire behavior, and thermal stability of the EPDM were investigated. The results show that IFR and EG have excellent synergistic flame retardant effects. When the mass ratio of IFR to EG is 3:1 and the total addition content is 40 phr, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the EPDM material (EPDM/IFR/EG) can reach 30.4%, and it can pass a V-0 rating in the vertical combustion (UL-94) test. Meanwhile, during the cone calorimetry test, the heat release rate and total heat release of EPDM/IFR/EG are 69.0% and 33.3% lower than that of the pure EPDM, respectively, and the smoke release of the material also decreases significantly, suggesting that the sample shows good fire safety. In addition, the flame retardant mechanism of IFR and EG is systematically investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results indicate that IFR and EG have only physical interaction. Moreover, the reason why IFR exhibits a poor flame retardant effect in EPDM materials is explained.Keywords:ethylene–propylene–diene rubber;flame retardancy;fire behavior;synergistic flame retardant effect;flame retardant mechanism
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 1.5
Li Yutong,Xu Ruilong,Zheng Jiawang,Li Tiezhu,Pang Li,Zhao Shuai,Li Lin,Xin Zhenxiang
In order to further the design and use of flame retardants with a lower environmental impact, a large number of available, eco-friendly, bio-based and biocompatible flame retardants have begun to be used. This study explores the synthesis of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic flame retardant (PMO) using bio-sourced phytic acid (PA) and enteromorpha prolifera (EP), along with mineral-based modified sepiolite (OSEP) and melamine (MEL), to investigate its flame retardant and smoke suppression effects on ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM). Experimental results demonstrate that compared to pure EPDM, EPDM with 50 phr PMO achieves a V-0 rating in UL-94 tests, with an increased Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) to 31.1 %, Time to Ignition (TTI) extended from 6 s to 29 s, Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR) reduced by 55.8 %, Total Heat Release (THR) decreased by 69.4 %, particularly Total Smoke Production (TSP) reduced by over 73 %, significantly enhancing the flame retardant performance of the rubber composite material. After loading with modified seafoam, the highly efficient PMO flame retardant was successfully prepared, which has a broad application prospect in general rubber materials.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Mingchao Liu,Daigang Peng,Ronghua Hu,Chuanbo Cong,Xiaoyu Meng,Qiong Zhou
High-barrier rubber sealing materials are the most widely used sealing components in high-pressure hydrogen storage systems. The gas permeation behavior of rubber materials in high-pressure hydrogen environments is critical to ensuring the long-term sealing reliability and safety of such systems. This study incorporated butyl methacrylate (BMA), methacrylamide (MAM), and zinc methacrylate (ZDMA) into an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) matrix, establishing covalent crosslinking, grafted covalent integral, covalent-hydrogen bond dual crosslinking, and covalent-ionic dual crosslinking network systems within the EPDM. Among these, the covalent-ionic dual crosslinking network demonstrated the most significant effect, enhancing the composite's hydrogen barrier performance and tensile strength by 22.9% and 227.4%, respectively. The study revealed that microporous defects formed in the matrix when the ZDMA content reached 20 phr. Further investigations revealed that introducing 20 phr hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as a plasticizer eliminated these defects by im-proving ZDMA dispersion, further enhancing hydrogen barrier performance and tensile strength to 31.8% and 316.7%, respectively. This study provides a key methodology for optimizing the performance of high-pressure hydrogen sealing materials.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.1
Mengmeng Xu,Liheng Chen,Jujie Sun,Long Han,Shiyu Wang,Chengzhong Zong
EPDM/PP TPV compatibilized by the graft reaction of magnesium itaconate on EPDM and PP chains, which was derived from the in situ reaction of magnesium oxide and bio-based itaconic acid, was successfully obtained. The compatibilized EPDM/PP TPV achieved better shape memory performance and mechanical property compared with the TPV without compatibilization. TPV-4 obtained excellent mechanical property, with the tensile strength and elongation at break of 13.8 MPa and 773%. TPVs compatibilized by the graft products of MgIA owned a higher shape recovery ratio of above 85% compared to 72.6% of TPV-0 without compatibilization. The good compatibility on EPDM and PP interphase was beneficial to the stress delivery that resulted in the outstanding shape memory property of the compatibilized TPV. On the other hand, the ionic interaction of the MgIA graft products in the compatibilized TPV could reinforce TPV, which generated better mechanical performance of TPV. The whole shape memory behavior of TPV-6 measured by DMA was clearly presented in the stress–strain-temperature curve, which further demonstrated the good shape memory performance of TPV. The results of SEM image, FTIR analysis, and DMA curve demonstrated the fine compatibility of EPDM and PP phase in the compatibilized TPVs.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Yao Yuan,Bin Yu,Libi Fu,Haibo Sheng,Wei Wang
In this work, an innovative methodology for enhancing the fire safety of EVA/EPDM (EE) composites by employing an in-situ encapsulation technique to integrate magnesium hydroxide (MH) within the mesoporous hydroxystannate ferrate (mHSF) framework via ion-driven self-assembly. Comprehensive characterization involving X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate the structure, elemental composition, and morphology of the resulting hybrids. In comparison to EE/MH composites, the MH@mHSF hybrids exhibited favorable dispersion within the EE matrix, demonstrating minimal aggregation. Upon incorporation of MH@mHSF hybrids, a significant reduction in peak heat release rate and total heat release (73.5 and 50%) compared with pristine EE, and an achievement in limiting oxygen index value of 32.5% from 19% for pristine EE was achieved. Notably, when contrasted with the findings of EE/MH/mHSF, the EE/MH@mHSF composite showcased superior tensile strength and enhanced fire safety properties. This improvement can be ascribed to the catalytic charring behavior and adsorption effects facilitated by well-dispersed MH@mHSF hybrids within the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR) corroborated a substantial reduction in organic volatiles and the suppression of carbon monoxide emissions upon integration of MH@mHSF hybrids, underscoring the alleviation of fire hazards. The observed synergy of the catalytic and adsorption effects of mesoporous HSF, combined with the flame-retardant characteristics of MH, plays a pivotal role in the suppression of smoke generation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nano Energy
·
2025
·
IF 17.1
Jiaxin Sun,Xianjie Xu,Zhefu Mu,Zijun Huang,Guo Chen,Xinkai Qi,Hongwei Liu,Lei Zhu,Xiuquan Gu,Xinjian He,Sheng Huang
Monitoring the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under extreme operating conditions faces significant challenges, due to the difficulty of conventional battery management systems (BMS) in capturing internal dynamic changes in real-time. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an implantable flexible sensor based on ZnO-passivated CsPbBr 3 quantum dots encapsulated in EPDM, which realizes real-time monitoring inside lithium batteries. Experiments demonstrate that the sensor resistance exhibits high synchronization with battery voltage changes (response time < 5 s), and the capacity fade rate difference after sensor implantation is only 14.2 % over 15 days. Theoretical calculations and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the energy band modulation mechanism of Li + adsorption - induced. During LIBs charging/discharging, changes in Li + concentration around the sensor alter the band structure and density of states (DOS) of the sensing material, leading to changes in its electrical signal. Thus, the working state of the LIBs can be monitored and predicted by tracking changes in the sensor's electrical signal. Further integration of an LSTM-multitask learning model enables advanced prediction of the LIBs operating state based on sensor signals (5000 s ahead), with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.10 %, and charge/discharge rate recognition with 96.7 % accuracy.
研究领域:
储能技术
·
材料科学
·
传感器技术
·
机器学习应用
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）