JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
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2025
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IF 4.4
Peng Feng,Donghai Xu,Kunkun Song,Gang Yin,Guanyu Jiang,Yang Yang,Yaling He
Supercritical water oxidation efficiently degrades organic waste but faces challenges from salt deposition due to the low solubilities of salts in supercritical water (SCW). This study investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of dissolution and deposition of mixed sulfate and chloride salts in SCW. At low water densities the common ion effect was observed in Na 2 SO 4 /K 2 SO 4 mixtures. Na + tended to occupy the junctions between SO 4 2- , while K + tended to occupy the cluster endings. Due to the weaker electrostatic interaction between K + (with larger ionic radius) and SO 4 2- , large and medium-sized clusters were more prone to decomposition in K + -rich solutions. K 2 SO 4 induced a “salting-in” effect on Na 2 SO 4 , whereas Na 2 SO 4 exerted a “salting-out” effect on K 2 SO 4 at high water densities. Both sulfates exhibited heterogeneous nucleation, depositing on heated sidewalls as nucleation sites, with Na 2 SO 4 proving more difficult to remove than K 2 SO 4 . In KCl/Na 2 SO 4 mixtures, homogeneously nucleated chloride salts created many preferential nucleation sites for Na 2 SO 4 deposition.
研究领域:
化学工程
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物理化学
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环境科学
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材料科学
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热力学
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高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2020
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IF 2.627
Ruizhi Cui
Using isothermal dissolution method, the phase equilibrium relationship in quaternary system LiCl + NaCl + KCl + H 2 O and the ternary subsystem LiCl + NaCl + H 2 O at 288.15 K were investigated. Each phase diagram of two systems was drawn. The phase diagram of LiCl + NaCl + H 2 O system contains two solid phase regions of crystallization LiCl·2H 2 O and NaCl. In the phase diagram of LiCl + NaCl + KCl + H 2 O system, there are three crystallization regions: LiCl·2H 2 O, NaCl and KCl respectively. In this paper, the solubilities of phase equilibria in two systems were calculated by Pitzer's model at 288.15 K. The predicted phase diagrams generally agree with the experimental phase diagrams.
研究领域:
化学
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物理化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2023
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IF 6.2
Quanzhang Sun,Ming Gong,Ji Wang,Lifeng Chen,Wenlong Li,Yuezhou Wei
ABSRACT To extract lutetium (Lu) from LiCl-KCl fused salt, the electrode reaction mechanisms of Lu on W and liquid Zn electrodes were systematically investigated using a series of electrochemical methods such as cycle voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), reverse chronopotentiometry (RCP), etc. The diffusion coefficient and diffusion activation energy of Lu(III) in LiCl-KCl fused salt were measured by CV. The results of CV, SWV and open circuit chronopotentiometry (OCP) confirmed that seven Lu-Zn intermetallic compounds were formed when Lu was deposited on Zn film electrode. Kinetic data of Lu(III)/Lu on W and liquid Zn electrodes, i.e., exchange current density, charge transfer resistance and reaction activation energy, were determined and compared by linear polarization (LP) at 773-848 K. Furthermore, the thermodynamic date such as equilibrium potential and formation Gibbs free energy of Lu-Zn alloys were also calculated and analyzed according to the OCP. The results demonstrate that the liquid Zn electrode is conducive to extract Lu from LiCl-KCl fused salt. Thus, constant potential electrolysis (CPE) was conducted at -1.58 V for 9 h on liquid Zn cathode to extract Lu from fused salt. The electrolytic product was composed of Zn and LuZn12 phases checked by XRD and SEM-EDS. The extraction rate of Lu is reached up to 98.37% based on the concentration change of Lu(III) in fused salt, which confirmed the feasibility to extract Lu employing liquid Zn electrode.
研究领域:
冶金学
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电化学
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高影响因子
ChemistrySelect
·
2025
·Vol. 10
·期 12
·e202500499
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IF 2
Tianzhu Shao,Qi Wang,Jiahao Wei,Gonggang Sun,Xinbao Li
Graphical The study focuses on the synthesis of SCR catalysts with high activity and excellent alkali resistance. The redox performance and surface acidity of VWTi are enhanced and the atomic valencies is optimized through the doping of Ce and Bi. Therefore, the catalytic activity of the catalyst is significantly enhanced and excellent catalytic activity is maintained even after KCl poisoning. Ce-doped V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 (CeVWTi) and its subsequent modifications have been recognized as effective catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO. Herein, CeVWTi catalysts doped with varying amounts of bismuth sulfate (Bi 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) were synthesized and evaluated for their activity and alkali resistance. These catalysts were characterized using XPS, BET, SEM, H 2 -TPR, NH 3 -TPD, and XRD techniques. The optimal doping level of Bi 2 (SO 4 ) 3 was 1 wt.%. The NO conversion rate of the catalyst co-doped with Ce and Bi was 71.6% under the reaction conditions of 300 °C, gas hour space velocity (GHSV) = 200,000 h −1 with a gas composition of 550 ppm NO, 550 ppm NH 3 , 5.6% O 2 , and N 2 as the balance. The NO conversion efficiency of the Bi 0.01 CeVWTi catalyst was maintained at 90.7% after the addition of 1 wt.% KCl poisoning under the reaction conditions of 350 °C, GHSV = 200,000 h −1 , 550 ppm NO, 550 ppm NH 3 , 5.6% O 2 , and N 2 as the balance. Characterization showed that, despite the reduction in the specific surface area of the catalyst and some acidic sites due to Bi doping, the redox performance of Bi 0.01 CeVWTi was significantly enhanced. The excellent redox performance was maintained even after KCl poisoning.
研究领域:
环境科学
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催化化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 4.1
Hongguang Kang,Xianwei Hu,Ruidong Guo,Liang Tian,Qiheng Wang,Hanyang Zhang,Aimin Liu,Zhongning Shi,Zhaowen Wang
The electrolysis of Al 2 S 3 in NaCl-KCl molten salts is one of effective ways to achieve sustainable and low-carbon aluminum preparation. The dissolution of Al 2 S 3 into a chloride molten salt promotes the generation of Al-S-Cl complex ions. In this study, the discharge complex ions present in the equimolar NaCl-KCl salt with 1 wt% Al 2 S 3 were analyzed via quantum chemistry calculations at 953 K. On this basis, the cathodic electrochemical behaviors were experimentally investigated via linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that Al 2 S 3 Cl − complex ions are discharged on the graphite cathode through a one-step, three-electron transfer reduction process. This reduction is diffusion-controlled and exhibits a quasi-reversible process, with a charge transfer coefficient of 0.271 and a diffusion coefficient of 7.500 × 10 −5 cm 2 ·s −1 .
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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冶金学
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量子化学
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可持续技术
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高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Kang Hongguang,Hu Xianwei,Guo Ruidong,Tian Liang,Wang Qiheng,Yu Jiangyu,Liu Aimin,Shi Zhongning,Wang Zhaowen
Al 2 S 3 electrolysis process in NaCl-KCl molten salts is advantageous for aluminum production due to the low electrolysis temperature, reduced energy consumption, and no greenhouse gas emissions. It is S 2- discharging on the anode and gaseous sulfurs is generated. However, the origin of S 2- from either free S 2- or S 2- in complex ions has rarely been investigated, and the anodic electrochemical mechanism remains unclear. Herein, the discharge sequence of sulfur ions at a graphite anode in equimolar NaCl-KCl molten salts containing 1 wt.% Al 2 S 3 electrolyte at 953 K was investigated by quantum chemical calculations, and the electrochemical mechanism was verified by linear sweep voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The results indicate oxidation of free S 2- and S 2- in AlSCl 3 2- to produce gaseous sulfurs at the anode, with free S 2- more prone to oxidation than S 2- in AlSCl 3 2- during the anodic electrochemical reaction. The oxidation reactions of both free S 2- and S 2- in AlSCl 3 2- follow one-step two-electron transfer processes. Free S 2- follows a quasi-reversible process, controlled by diffusion, with a charge transfer coefficient of 0.667 and a diffusion coefficient of 3.248 × 10 -5 cm 2 ·s -1 . By comparison, S 2- in AlSCl 3 2- follows an irreversible process, controlled by diffusion, with a charge transfer coefficient of 0.561 and a diffusion coefficient of 1.351 × 10 -5 cm 2 ·s -1 . Overall, these theoretical findings look very promising for future studies and the development of green electrolytic aluminum production processes using NaCl-KCl-Al 2 S 3 molten salts.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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冶金学
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物理化学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
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2020
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IF 5.289
Chenyao Li,Shaolong Li,Yusi Che,Junyi Li,Yongchun Shu,Jilin He,Jianxun Song
The reduction mechanism of Nb(V) in molten KCl-NaCl at 1023 K was investigated by a series of electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. It was found that there were three steps in the reduction of Nb(V) as Nb(V)→Nb(III)→Nb(I)→Nb, and electrochemical reaction, Nb(V)→Nb(III), is a quasi-reversible diffusion controlled process. The diffusion coefficient of Nb(V) was also obtained by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The relationship between current density and the square root of time shows that the nucleation of niobium belongs to the instantaneous nucleation on molybdenum electrode in molten KCl-NaCl-NbCl 5 (0.43 × 10 −3 mol/cm 3 ) at 1023 K at −3.10 V vs. Cl 2 /Cl − . Moreover, the metallic niobium was deposited on molybdenum wire by chronoamperometry, and the products were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed that the metallic niobium has a high purity of 99.98%.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2023
·
IF 4.5
Jianbang Ge,Zichen Zhang,Yang Gao,Biwu Cai,Shuqiang Jiao
Understanding the natural convection in molten salt electrochemical systems is of great importance to accurately reveal the reaction kinetics and mechanism. This electrochemical reaction would cause changes in the density and temperature of salt near the electrode due to the depletion of reactant and the generation of product. However, in most studies, the temperature-induced convection effects received very limited attention in molten salts as the experiments were usually conducted in a thermostatic furnace. Herein we report the electrochemical reaction-induced convection in molten LiCl-KCl, with reactive EuCl 3 or CrCl 3 added into the system. On the basis of numerical simulations for chronoamperometry, it was proved that the thermal convection effects were not comparable to the density-driven convection even at molten salt containing 100 mM redox concentration and an electrolysis time of 100 s. Nevertheless, we observed the enhancement of density-driven convection by thermal convection in cyclic voltammetry simulation in LiCl-KCl-CrCl 3 system at 5 mV/s. Furthermore, the simulated results revealed that the temperature difference between electrode and solution ranged from 2.94 × 10 −3 to ∼ 0.4 K at the applied conditions, showing the negligible change in temperature caused by electrochemical reactions.
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DOI
高影响因子
Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry
·
2022
·
IF 1.514
Zhiqiang Ding,Gongsheng Ding,Ling Fang,Zifei Peng
Red nanofluorescent materials based on CaWO4:Eu3+ were prepared by the molten salt method. Spherical CaWO4 particles with a size of 100 nm to 200 nm monodisperse sizes were prepared using different types of calcium salts. The KCl was chosen as the molten salt, under the same other experimental parameters, the obtained CaWO4:Eu3+ particles were more uniform, the diffraction properties were better. With a molar ratio of 15 for molten salt and Calcium salt, more spherical CaWO4:Eu3+ particles were produced small and sand homogeneous size. Using different amount of molten salt, it was found that the larger the amount of molten salt, the weaker the fluorescence property. Finally, by comparing the products obtained by the molten salt method with the solid state reaction method, it is found that the luminescence intensity of the products is 20% higher than that obtained by the solid state reaction method.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2024
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IF 5.7
Shimei Lei,Yuan Yuan,Huanyu Zhu,Hao Yi,Guangfeng Dong,Songliang Ma,Feifei Jia,Shaoxian Song
Particle size and surface morphology have a substantial influence on flotation. Conventional grinding methods usually destroy the surface morphology while controlling the particle size. In this work, we propose a new strategy to control particle size and morphology through crystalizing regulation instead of grinding to protect the crystal face in the flotation process. Scanning electron microscopy results illustrate that the surface morphology of crystallization-regulated particles is better protected than grinding-regulated particles. The superior flotation effect of the crystallization-regulated products was validated by micro-flotation tests. The mechanism of enhanced flotation by crystalline modulation was further analyzed with the help of induction time, adhesion-desorption force, collector adsorption, and theoretical calculations, which showed that the crystallization-regulated products were more hydrophobic and had more stable adherence to the flotation bubbles. The innovative method of crystalline modulation developed in this work to improve the flotation effect provides a novel way to protect the crystal shape for the efficient flotation of potash salts, which is of great significance for the reduction of cost and increase of efficiency in the flotation process of potash salts.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Jia ZHAO,Zhao-ting LIU,Gui-min LU
A comprehensive electrochemical assessment of Fe 2+ behavior in a MgCl 2 −NaCl−KCl melt was reported, involving cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and chronoamperometry (CA) analyses. Reduction of Fe 2+ in MgCl 2 −NaCl−KCl was observed to occur in a single step involving two electrons, exhibiting quasi-reversible behavior. The diffusion coefficient of Fe 2+ (5.75×10 −5 cm 2 /s) in this system was experimentally determined at 973 K, with an associated diffusion activation energy of 25.06 kJ/mol in the range of 973−1048 K, and an estimated standard rate constant for Fe 2+ /Fe of around 1×10 −3 cm/s. The nucleation of Fe on the tungsten electrode in the MgCl 2 −NaCl−KCl molten salt is insensitive to temperature and overpotential. It is found that the nucleation mode is related to the concentration of Fe 2+ surrounding the electrode and evolves from an instantaneous to a progressive process, accompanied by a deterioration of magnesium electrolysis due to Fe impurities.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2015
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IF 2.037
Haijun Han,Lijiang Guo,Dongdong Li,Ouyang Dong,Yan Yao,Ning Zhang,Dewen Zeng
In this work, the water activities of the NaCl–CaCl2–H2O and KCl–CaCl2–H2O ternary systems and of their sub-binary systems NaCl–H2O and KCl–H2O were measured using an isopiestic method at 323.15 K. The isopiestic composition line for the NaCl–CaCl2–H2O system was found to obey the Zdanovskii rule very well, whereas the KCl–CaCl2–H2O system deviated slightly. The addition of NaCl to an aqueous solution of CaCl2 decreased its water activity for all CaCl2 molalities. However, KCl was found to decrease and increase the water activity at low and high CaCl2 molality, respectively. The turning point appears at 8.0 mol·kg–1 CaCl2 solution. The Pitzer–Simonson–Clegg (PSC) model was applied to represent the water activity of the two ternary systems, and the calculated results are discussed.
研究领域:
化学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
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