CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Ming He,Jiayi Chen,Ting Chen,Wenlong Li,Qin Zhang
In this study, H 3 BO 3 -doped Barium-Niobate based LTCC ceramics were prepared via mixed oxide method, achieving a reduction in sintering temperature from 1350 °C to 900 °C through liquid-phase sintering. The addition of H 3 BO 3 induced a controlled multi-phase microstructure comprising Ba 5 Nb 4 O 15 , BaB 2 O 6 and BaNb 2 O 6 , with phase volume fractions quantified by Rietveld refinement. These three phases regulate the relative permittivity (εᵣ), quality factor (Q × f), and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ) of the material. The optimal microwave properties (εᵣ = 37.5, Q × f = 45,025 GHz, τ f = 23.78 ppm/°C) was obtained by sintering at 900 °C for 4 h and adding 2 wt% H 3 BO 3 . Beyond material optimization, this work establishes and validates a predictive modeling framework for composite permittivity by integrating intrinsic phase permittivities derived from ionic polarizability with quantitative phase analysis and three effective medium theories: Lichtenecker logarithmic rule (LLR), Maxwell-Garnett (MG), and Bruggeman (BG). Comparison of the three models against experimental data demonstrates that the LLR model, assuming random phase distribution, provides the best agreement with measured εᵣ values. The MG and BG models yield similar predictions but both consistently overestimate permittivity, failing to fully capture the dielectric response of the actual microstructure observed by SEM. The LLR model was further refined by introducing a phase interaction term (β), which physically accounts for depolarizing fields at interfaces and reduces the average prediction deviation from 10% to 2%. Q × f cannot be reliably predicted by simple mixing rules due to its sensitivity to extrinsic factors, whereas τ f approximately follows a linear compound addition rule enabling rational phase composition control. This integrated approach provides a generalizable framework for the predictive design of multi-phase dielectric composites.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Zhenjun Qing,Yuexi Zheng,Haiyan Li
A series of Y 3+ -substituted NaSm 1-x Y x (MoO 4 ) 2 (x = 0.05–0.20) ceramics were synthesized via a conventional solid-state method. Y 3+ substitution significantly enhanced the microwave dielectric properties by modulating the crystal structure, microstructure, and chemical bond characteristics. Rietveld refinement confirmed that all samples adopted a single-phase tetragonal scheelite structure (space group I 4 1 /a). Lattice parameters decreased monotonically with increasing x, while the packing fraction increased from 60.80% to 61.00%, indicating lattice densification. All samples achieved relative densities exceeding 95.9%. Notably, Y 3+ doping simultaneously improved the quality factor and temperature stability: Q × f increased from 39,500 GHz to 52,400 GHz, while | τ f | decreased from 38.7 ppm/°C to 22.3 ppm/°C. The optimal properties were obtained at x = 0.20, with ε r = 12.4, Q × f = 52,400 GHz, and τ f = −22.3 ppm/°C. Raman analysis revealed a negative correlation between the FWHM of the ∼886 cm −1 mode and Q × f , confirming reduced lattice anharmonicity. P–V–L bond theory demonstrated that the enhanced ionicity, lattice energy, and bond energy of the Na/Sm/Y–O bonds contributed to the improved ε r , Q × f and | τ f |, respectively. The low sintering temperature of 900 °C makes this composition highly promising for LTCC substrate applications.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 24
·1-12
·
IF 2.8
Zhang Xuemei,Qu Can,Li Yiyang,Kang Yuting,Pu Linyu,Huang Xu,Liu Jingsong
A new type of glass/ Al 2 O 3 ceramic composite material was prepared by the conventional solid-state method for lead-free low-softening ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (ZBS) glass. The effects of glass content and sintering temperature on the phase structure, sintering performance, microstructure, dielectric properties, thermal properties and mechanical properties of the composite materials were investigated by adding different mass fractions of ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass into Al 2 O 3 ceramics. The results show that the doped ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass effectively reduced the sintering temperature of Al 2 O 3 ceramics, and the sintering aid ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass had no crystalline phase. The ZBS/ Al 2 O 3 composites sintered at 875–925 ℃ mainly contain two crystalline phases, ZnAl 2 O 4 and Zn 2 SiO 4 , and the content of the phases depended on the composition of the composites and the sintering temperature. When the content of ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass was 74 wt.%, and the composites were sintered at 875 ℃ for 1 h, the volume density of the composites was 3.49 g/cm 3 , the thermal conductivity λ was 1.46W/mK, the thermal expansion coefficient CTE was 5.52/ppm ℃, the flexural strength was 155 MPa, the relative dielectric constant was 6.28, and the dielectric loss was 0.937 × 10 −3 (@12.571 GHz). The dielectric properties are the best, and it has a good application prospect in LTCC at high frequencies.
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷
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电子材料
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复合材料
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MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2024
·
IF 4.3
Shuo Tian,Hao Yang Shen,Jun Jie Huang,Hao Zhang,Kai Ge Liu,Bin He,Jianwei Zhao,Ling Bing Kong
When preparing glass-ceramics using sintering method, porosity is the main reason affecting their properties. To achieve glass-ceramics with low thermal expansion performance, cold isostatic pressing is adopted to significantly reduce the porosity. In this study, we systematically analyzed the effect of CaF 2 /CaO content on sintering behavior, microstructure and properties of Li 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 (LAS) glass-ceramics. It was found that the [CaF 2 ]/([CaO]+[CaF 2 ]) ratio x can be used to regulate the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the LAS glass-ceramics. The optimized sample has a CTE of 2.2865 ppm/°C, which is compatible with that of silicon (2.5 ppm/°C). At the same time, low dielectric constant (5.95 ≤ ε r ≤ 8.89) and dielectric loss (1.179 × 10 −3 ≤ tanδ ≤2.871 × 10 −2 ) were observed, which makes them a promising candidate for low-temperature co-fired ceramic substrate applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷工程
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电气工程
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Journal of Manufacturing Processes
·
2023
·
IF 6.2
Peikai Duan,Xiaoyang Zhu,Houchao Zhang,Hongke Li,Zhenghao Li,Rui Wang,Junyi Zhou,Daoseng Song,Youchao Zhang,Guangming Zhang,Hongbo Lan
Low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) devices have been widely used in the defense, automotive, medical, and aerospace industries. However, the traditional manufacturing process of LTCC devices is hardly suitable for cost-effective, fast design and customization requirements. In this work, we propose a multi-material integrated 3D printing technology for LTCC. LTCC slurry was configured using homemade borosilicate glass powder and Al 2 O 3 powder, and the influence of printing parameters on the printed effect was investigated. The shrinkage of the ceramics sintered at 850 °C for 15 min was 14.82 ± 0.47 % in the XY direction and 13.7 ± 0.26 % in the Z direction, comparable to that of commercial LTCC. Wireless sensing multilayer LED circuit and passive humidity sensor were fabricated, where the sensor with a sensitivity of 0.132 MHz/%RH. These cases demonstrate that the proposed technology can rapidly produce LTCC devices and meet the demand for custom LTCC devices in high-end manufacturing.
研究领域:
制造工程
·
电子工程
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Yize Chen,Pengbing Zhao,Zheng Gao,Yunna Pu,Jin Huang,Jianjun Wang,Jie Zhang,Hongxiao Gong
The growing demand for conformal microwave devices in aerospace and autonomous systems requires ceramic substrates with low dielectric loss and curved geometries. While low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) are ideal candidates for such high-frequency applications, their conventional manufacturing is mainly limited to planar structures. In this work, an integrated digital light processing (DLP) strategy for manufacturing curved SiO 2 -based LTCC components was developed to address the key challenges of slurry rheology, curing behavior, and sintering-induced deformation. First, a 1.0 wt.% KH-570 modification was used to enhance the powder-resin interface through Si-O-Si bonding and polymerizable functional groups, yielding a printable slurry (50 vol.% loading, 2.74 Pa·s at 30 s –1 ). Second, to mitigate excessive light penetration in the low-scattering SiO 2 system, a UV absorber was incorporated to regulate the curing behavior, reducing the penetration depth ( D p ) from 96.3 μm to 52.0 μm. Third, a buried powder sintering strategy was implemented to suppress the deformation of unsupported curved architectures. Consequently, curved LTCC substrates exhibited a low dielectric constant of 2.55 and a low dielectric loss of 0.0022 at 10 GHz. The practical applicability was validated by an inkjet-printed conformal X-band microstrip antenna, which exhibited a resonant frequency of 10.11 GHz and a return loss of –25.8 dB. This work establishes an effective strategy for the additive manufacturing of curved LTCC ceramics and provides a viable route toward high-performance conformal RF devices.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Yuxuan Ren,Xiangkai Zhu,Shaozhen Chen,Wenyu Wang,Junxian Wang,Ke Wang,Jiamao Li
To improve the sintering performance and quality factor ( Q × f ) value of molybdate ceramics, we designed and prepared a dual-phase high-entropy scheelite ceramic (Ca 0.2 Ba 0.2 Sr 0.2 Na 0.2 Bi 0.2 )MoO 4 via the solid-phase reaction method. The resultant ceramics consisted of Na 0.32 Bi 0.56 MoO 4 and Ba 0.75 Sr 0.25 MoO 4 solid solution. The (Ca 0.2 Ba 0.2 Sr 0.2 Na 0.2 Bi 0.2 )MoO 4 ceramics sintered at 900 ℃ exhibited excellent microwave dielectric properties of relative constant ( ε r ) = 12.46, Q× ƒ = 131,009 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ( τ f ) = -40 ppm/℃, along with good compatibility with silver electrodes. The ε r of the ceramics was influenced by the ionic polarizability and Raman shift whereas the Q×f was primarily influenced by the grain size and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Raman peak at 886 cm −1 . The τ f of the ceramics is primarily governed by the A-site bond valence in Na 0.32 Bi 0.56 MoO 4 due to its dominant role in the ceramics. The dual-phase high-entropy strategy enables molybdate-based ceramics with excellent sintering behavior and dielectric properties, making them suitable for LTCC applications.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 17
·1341
·
IF 3.2
Wang Lei,Zhu Guobin,Wang Zihang,Qiao Feng,Su Hua
A low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material based on Co-doped Li 2 Mg 3 TiO 6 (Li 2 Mg 2.975 Co 0.025 TiO 6 ) with excellent microwave dielectric properties has been developed in this study. The effects of Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (LBBS) glass addition on the phase composition, microstructure, and dielectric properties of Li 2 Mg 2.975 Co 0.025 TiO 6 ceramics sintered at 900 °C were systematically investigated. Furthermore, CaTiO 3 was incorporated to tune the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ) to near-zero. The results indicate that the Li 2 Mg 2.975 Co 0.025 TiO 6 + 7 wt.% LBBS ceramic sintered at 900°C exhibits optimal comprehensive performance with a dielectric constant ( ε r ) of 11.65, a quality factor ( Q × f ) of 53,599 GHz, and a τ f of − 30.1 ppm/ o C. After optimization with 8 wt.% CaTiO 3 addition, the final ceramic composition (Li 2 Mg 2.975 Co 0.025 TiO 6 + 7 wt.% LBBS + 8 wt.% CaTiO 3 ) achieves excellent dielectric properties: ε r = 12.41, Q × f = 41,335 GHz, and τ f = − 0.92 ppm/ o C. Chemical compatibility tests confirm that this ceramic material demonstrates outstanding compatibility with Ag electrodes, exhibiting no chemical reactions or element diffusion after co-firing. The developed ceramic material satisfies the processing temperature requirements for LTCC technology and possesses promising potential for application in microwave passive components.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 2.8
Shi Xiaofei,Wang Xi,Zheng Xinzhu,Wang Lei,Tang Xiaoli,Su Hua,Lizhong Song
Ca 2+ -doped Co 1.1 ZnTiO 4 ceramics (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) were successfully synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction route to investigate the doping effects of Ca 2+ on their microwave dielectric properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed a distinct crystal structure evolution: a single-phase spinel structure with the Fd-3m space group was maintained at x ≤ 0.04, while the CaTiO 3 secondary phase precipitated at x ≥ 0.06 due to the finite solid solubility of Ca 2+ in the matrix lattice. The optimal comprehensive dielectric performance was achieved at x = 0.04 sintered at 1175°C, achieving Q × f = 73,300 GHz, ε r = 21.46, and τ f = −17 ppm/°C. Notably, H 3 BO 3 addition enabled a 275°C reduction in sintering temperature (down to 900°C) while retaining phase purity, which was fully confirmed by XRD analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results verified improved bulk densification (relative density > 93%) and uniform microstructures with a homogeneous grain size of approximately 2.5 μm. Raman spectroscopy further indicated obvious [TiO 6 ] octahedral distortion, and a redshift of the A 1g mode from 720 to 715 cm −1 directly demonstrated lattice expansion after cation doping. The low-temperature-sintered samples at 900°C still exhibited competitive microwave dielectric properties ( Q × f = 30,900 GHz, ε r = 20.21, τ f = −18 ppm/°C), which strongly confirms that H 3 BO 3 serves as an efficient low-temperature sintering aid for the as-prepared titanate ceramics.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 25
·1-11
·
IF 2.8
Wang Chen Bo,Gong Wei Ping,Jin Jing Ye,Bai Hao Nan,Yang Yang,Zhou Qing Wei,Yu Xue Qing,Mao Min Min,Cao Lei,Song Kai Xin,Liu Bing
SrF 2 is a promising low-permittivity fluoride with excellent microwave dielectric properties. Nevertheless, realizing densification in SrF 2 ceramics remains challenging due to their low surface energy. In this work, a series of SrF 2 – x wt%LiF ( x = 0.5–20) ceramics were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. The incorporation of LiF effectively lowered the sintering temperature from 1050 °C to 775 °C and improved the relative density from 91% to 97.1%. Outstanding microwave dielectric properties ( ɛ r = 6.39, Qf = 71,024 GHz at 20 GHz and τ f = −85.1 ppm/°C) were achieved at x = 1.0, demonstrating great potential in millimeter-wave communication applications. In addition, the present ceramics demonstrated good chemical compatibility and a well-matched coefficient of thermal expansion with silver electrodes. Finite element simulations further revealed significantly reduced thermal stress when employing the present ceramics as substrates, highlighting the strong potential for high-reliability low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷材料
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微波工程
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电子封装
·
固体物理
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Yiming Zhao,Han Xv,Xuan Miao,Kaizheng Gao,Wenting Zhou,Lijuan Liu,Hongjun Ji,Mingyu Li,Yufeng Li
This study presents the development and optimization of cordierite/Bi 2 O 3 -ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (BZBS) glass composites for low-temperature co-fired ceramic applications, targeting a low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, which are critical for 5G communication devices. The research employs an internal standard method based on Rietveld refinement to precisely analyze the phase composition under varying sintering temperatures, thereby uncovering the effects of reaction products and residual glass phases on the composite’s properties. A key finding is that sintering at 750 °C yields a relative density of 77.83 % and a CTE of 3.49 ppm/°C, closely matching that of silicon. This optimized process achieves an ultra-low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss ( ε r = 3.97, tan δ = 0.011, τ f = -38.17 ppm/°C @1 MHz, ε r = 2.79, tan δ = 0.005 @1 GHz). Additionally, three polarization relaxations- α , β and γ -were identified, providing insights into frequency-dependent dielectric behavior, which is essential for high-frequency applications. These results suggest that the optimized composite offers a balanced combination of dielectric stability, low loss, and thermal compatibility, making it a promising candidate for high-frequency LTCC substrates in next-generation microwave communications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷
·
电子材料
·
微波工程
·
通信技术
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 3
·1-12
·
IF 2.8
Huang Kai,Que Tao,Guo Xiang,Wang Rui,Ding Xiang,Zhou Hongqing
The advancement of high-density integration and packaging technologies necessitates the development of packaging materials that possess enhanced thermal conductivity and substantial mechanical strength. In this paper, we present a novel type of CaO–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 /β-Si 3 N 4 composites synthesized through the solid-state reaction. The effects of β-Si 3 N 4 ceramic content on the sinterability, phase structure, microstructure, and properties of the composites were studied. As an excellent structural and functional material, the rod-like β-Si 3 N 4 ceramic not only enhanced the thermal conductivity (λ) and flexural strength of composite materials but also effectively reduced the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the composite and maintained good high-frequency dielectric properties. The composite sample containing 15wt.% β-Si 3 N 4 demonstrated exceptional performance after sintering at 850 ℃ for 30 min, achieving a bulk density of 2.80 g/cm 3 , a relative permittivity of 6.52 with a dielectric loss of 1.94 × 10 –3 (15 GHz), a λ of 3.5 W/(m·K), a CTE value of 6.40 ppm/ ℃, and a flexural strength of 180.1 MPa. Additionally, the EDS line mapping indicates that there was no diffusion of silver at the interface, thereby affirming the favorable compatibility between the composite and the silver electrode. This characteristic positions the CBS/β-Si 3 N 4 composite as a potentially promising candidate for applications in electronic packaging.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
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