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JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE · 2024 · IF 10.5

Nanotechnology-enabled M2 macrophage polarization and ferroptosis inhibition for targeted inflammatory bowel disease treatment

Yuge Zhao,Weimin Yin,Zichen Yang,Jiuyuan Sun,Jiao Chang,Li Huang,Liangyi Xue,Xiaoyou Zhang,Hui Zhi,Shiyu Chen,Nana Chen,Yongyong Li

Transforming macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype could markedly strengthen inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, which is considered as a promising strategy. However, the high ferroptosis sensitivity of M2 macrophages, which decreases their activity, is a major stumbling block to this strategy. Therefore, promoting M2 polarization while simultaneously inhibiting ferroptosis to tackle this challenge is indispensable. Herein, a calcium‑carbonate (CaCO 3 ) mineralized liposome encapsulating a ferroptosis inhibitor (Fer-1) was developed (CaCO 3 @Lipo@Fer-1, CLF). The CaCO 3 mineralized coating shields the liposomes to prevent the release of Fer-1 in circulation, while releasing Ca 2+ in the acidic-inflammatory environment. This released Ca 2+ promotes M2 polarization through the CaSR/AKT/β-catenin pathway. The subsequently released Fer-1 effectively upregulates GSH and GPX4 , scavenges reactive oxygen species , and inhibits ferroptosis in M2 macrophages. In vivo, CLF improved the targeting efficiency of IBD lesions (about 4.17-fold) through the epithelial enhanced permeability and retention (eEPR) effect and enhanced IBD therapy by increasing the M2/M1 macrophage ratio and inhibiting ferroptosis. We demonstrate that the synergistic regulation of macrophage polarization and ferroptosis sensitivity by this mineralized nanoinhibitor is a viable strategy for IBD therapy.

研究领域: 纳米技术 · 药学 · 炎症 · 胃肠病学
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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Materials Today Bio · 2025 · IF 10.2

Macrophage membrane-coated polydopamine nanomedicine for treating acute lung injury through modulation of neutrophil extracellular traps and M2 macrophage polarization

Yuwei Zhao,Xingyu Zhu,Letao Hu,Fangyu Hao,Xianglei Ji,Xiaofang Hu,Meimei Luo,Linyu Zheng,Bo Xiao,Yingmei Wu,Changcan Shi,Hui Zhu,Nong Zhou,Weidong Li

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening pulmonary inflammatory disorder with high morbidity and mortality rates. Effective targeting of damaged lung tissues and regulation of inflammatory dysregulation are major challenges in clinical treatment. This study aimed to develop a multifunctional drug delivery system by coating mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (mPDA NPs) loaded with Peimine (PM) using macrophage membranes (MMs) to leverage their inflammatory targeting properties. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the excellent targeting capability, strong antioxidant activity, and significant anti-inflammatory effects of the developed MM@mPDA-PM NPs. Furthermore, transcriptomics analysis revealed that MM@mPDA-PM NPs significantly reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), and peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), as well as inhibited the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and promoted M2 macrophage polarization by downregulating the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways. Our developed system effectively reduced neutrophil infiltration, suppressed cytokine storms, and regulated the pulmonary immune microenvironment, demonstrating great potential for treating ALI and other inflammatory diseases.

研究领域: 药学 · 免疫学 · 纳米医学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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Drug Design Development and Therapy · 2022 · IF 4.319

Convallatoxin Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization to Attenuate Atherosclerosis Through PPARγ-Integrin αvβ5 Signaling Pathway

Yi Zhang,Xiujin Shi,Jialun Han,Wenxing Peng,Zhenwei Fang,Yang Zhou,Xiaoyu Xu,Jie Lin,Fucheng Xiao,Limin Zhao,Yang Lin

Introduction As the primary immune cells, macrophages play a key role in atherosclerotic progression. M2 macrophage polarization has been reported to promote tissue repair and attenuate plaque formation upon the expression of anti-inflammatory factors. Convallatoxin (CNT) is a natural cardiac glycoside with anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties. However, whether CNT protects against atherosclerosis (AS) and underlying mechanisms is unknown. This work was designed to explore the potential effects of CNT on atherosclerosis.Methods In this study, Apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE−/-) mice fed with high-fat diet were established, and CNT (50 or 100 μg/kg) were intragastrically administrated for 12 weeks every day. In vitro, RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with ox-LDL were treated with CNT (50 or 100 nM) for 24 h. The specific PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, was used to block the PPARγ signaling pathway in vitro. Then, the atherosclerotic lesions, macrophage polarization markers, inflammatory cytokines and PPARγ signaling pathway were examined in further examinations.Results Our results showed that the atherosclerotic lesions were reduced by CNT, as demonstrated by the downregulation of serum lipid level and aortic plaque area in AS mice. Furthermore, we found that CNT treatment promoted the expression of M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, Mrc1, Retnla and Chi3l3), and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), accompanied by the increase of anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) in aortic vessels of AS mice. In ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 cells, CNT administration also facilitated macrophages polarizing towards M2 subtype and inhibited inflammatory responses. Furthermore, both the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed CNT could increase the expression of PPARγ, Integrin αv and Integrin β5, and GW9662 could block CNT-induced M2 macrophage polarization.Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that CNT may promote M2 macrophage polarization to exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect, partially through activating PPARγ-Integrin αvβ5 signaling pathway.

研究领域: 心血管疾病 · 免疫学 · 药理学 · 细胞生物学 · 分子生物学
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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BIOMATERIALS · 2019 · IF 10.273

Novel H2S-Releasing hydrogel for wound repair via in situ polarization of M2 macrophages

Jiang Wu,Anqi Chen,Yajiao Zhou,Sen Zheng,Yao Yang,Ying An,Ke Xu,Huacheng He,Jianming Kang,Jittima Amie Luckanagul,Ming Xian,Jian Xiao,Qian Wang

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), as a gaseous messenger, exhibits potential therapeutic effects in biological and clinical applications. Herein, an in situ forming biomimetic hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel was used as a matrix to dope a pH-controllable H 2 S donor, JK1, to form a novel HA-JK1 hybrid system. This HA-JK1 hydrogel was designed as an ideal delivery scaffold for JK1 with pH-dependent prolonged H 2 S releasing profile. In vitro study suggested that JK1 could induce the polarization of M2 phenotype indicating a higher pro-healing efficiency of macrophages. The in vivo studies on dermal wounds showed that the HA-JK1 hybrid hydrogel significantly accelerated the wound regeneration process through enhanced re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, angiogenesis and cell proliferation . Furthermore, the in vivo results also demonstrated a higher level of M2 polarization in HA-JK1 treated group with reduced inflammation and improved wound remodeling effects, which was consistent with the in vitro results. These observations could be considered as a key to the efficient wound treatment. Therefore, we suggest that HA-JK1 can be used as a novel wound dressing material toward cutaneous wound model in vivo . This system should significantly enhance wound regeneration through the release of H 2 S that induces the expression of M2 macrophage phenotype.

CAS / MDL: 3483-12-3 16096-97-2
研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 药学 · 组织工程 · 伤口愈合
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY · 2024 · IF 4.8

Total alkaloids in Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don alleviate OVA-induced allergic asthma by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization

Yu Wang,Meihao Peng,Xin Yang,Liming Tu,Jiamin Liu,Yixi Yang,Rui Li,Xue Tang,Yuqing Hu,Guowu Zhang,Qi Zhao,Qiuxia Lu

ABSTRACT Ethnopharmacological relevance Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (FCD) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat respiratory disorders, known for its effects in clearing heat, moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm, and relieving cough. Additionally, the total alkaloids extracted from FCD can alleviate asthma symptoms and reduce airway inflammation. However, no studies have investigated the effects of total alkaloids on lung macrophages. Aim of the study This study explored whether the total alkaloids of FCD (TAs-FCD) reduce M2 macrophage polarization and, consequently, attenuate airway remodeling in asthmatic mice. This study further elucidated its mechanism of action in treating allergic asthma. Materials and methods The extracted TAs-FCD was analyzed for its composition using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active ingredients and potential mechanisms of TAs-FCD in the treatment of allergic asthma. A mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma was established, adopted, and validated through in vivo experiments. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence staining (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting (WB), and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were used to investigate the role of TAs-FCD in inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization in the context of allergic asthma. Results A total of 66 active ingredients were screened from 116 compounds using SWISSADME. The targets of these 66 compounds were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction, resulting in 808 unique drug targets after excluding duplicates. Additionally, 1,756 targets related to allergic asthma were identified from the DisGeNET, Genecard, and OMIM databases. This led to 267 cross-targets between the active ingredient targets and allergic asthma targets, including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and STAT3. Animal experiments demonstrated that TAs-FCD improved histopathological injury in mouse lungs, reduced peri-airway collagen fiber accumulation, airway mucus secretion, and airway smooth muscle proliferation. TAs-FCD also lowered IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4 levels in lung tissues and alleviated airway inflammation. Furthermore, TAs-FCD significantly reduced levels of Arg1 and CD206, which are closely associated with M2 macrophages, and downregulated the expression of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2. Conclusion TAs-FCD may inhibit M2 macrophage polarization by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, thereby alleviating airway remodeling and inflammation in allergic asthmatic mice.

CAS / MDL: 9006-59-1
研究领域: 药理学 · 免疫学 · 呼吸医学 · 中医药
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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Human Cell · 2025 ·Vol. 39 ·期 1 ·27 · IF 3.1

Exosomal miR-145-5p impairs neoadjuvant chemotherapy by suppressing TFRC-mediated macrophage iron uptake and driving M2 polarization in esophageal cancer

Xu Jianfeng,Lei Deng,Xu Peng,Wang Yuqi,Li Zhupeng,Wu Jiacheng,Feng Weizhong,Zhou Junqing

Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a highly aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic success, partly due to heterogeneous responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Tumor-derived exosomes and tumor-associated macrophages play critical roles in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, but their crosstalk in EC chemoresistance remains unclear. In this study, we identified tumor-derived exosomal miR-145-5p as a potential predictor of poor NAC response. Elevated exosomal miR-145-5p levels were associated with increased M2 macrophage infiltration and enhanced expression of M2 markers in EC tissues. Mechanistically, miR-145-5p promoted M2 macrophage polarization through the suppression of transferrin receptor (TFRC) and subsequent disruption of iron uptake. Consequently, these tumor-promoting M2-polarized macrophages enhanced EC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cisplatin resistance. In vivo, macrophages overexpressing miR-145-5p facilitated tumor growth and markedly weakened the therapeutic effects of cisplatin. Overall, our findings reveal that EC cells utilize exosomal miR-145-5p to remodel macrophages into a pro-tumorigenic phenotype through TFRC-dependent iron metabolic reprogramming, contributing to malignant progression and chemoresistance. Exosomal miR-145-5p may represent a promising biomarker for NAC response and a therapeutic target to improve treatment outcomes in EC.

CAS / MDL: 548-62-9 76-03-9
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY · 2024 ·Vol. 73 ·期 7 ·1-24 · IF 4.6

Codonopsis pilosula-derived glycopeptide dCP1 promotes the polarization of tumor-associated macrophage from M2-like to M1 phenotype

Liu Hongxu,Yao Maojin,Ren Jiaoyan

The majority of the immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which are the main players in coordinating tumor-associated inflammation. TAM has a high plasticity and is divided into two main phenotypes, pro-inflammatory M1 type and anti-inflammatory M2 type, with tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions, respectively. Considering the beneficial effects of M1 macrophages for anti-tumor and the high plasticity of macrophages, the conversion of M2 TAM to M1 TAM is feasible and positive for tumor treatment. This study sought to evaluate whether the glycopeptide derived from simulated digested Codonopsis pilosula extracts could regulate the polarization of M2-like TAM toward the M1 phenotype and the potential regulatory mechanisms. The results showed that after glycopeptide dCP1 treatment, the mRNA relative expression levels of some M2 phenotype marker genes in M2-like TAM in simulated TME were reduced, and the relative expression levels of M1 phenotype marker genes and inflammatory factor genes were increased. Analysis of RNA-Seq of M2-like TAM after glycopeptide dCP1 intervention showed that the gene sets such as glycolysis, which is associated with macrophage polarization in the M1 phenotype, were significantly up-regulated, whereas those of gene sets such as IL-6-JAK-STAT3 pathway, which is associated with polarization in the M2 phenotype, were significantly down-regulated. Moreover, PCA analysis and Pearson's correlation also indicated that M2-like TAM polarized toward the M1 phenotype at the transcriptional level after treatment with the glycopeptide dCP1. Lipid metabolomics was used to further explore the efficacy of the glycopeptide dCP1 in regulating the polarization of M2-like TAM to the M1 phenotype. It was found that the lipid metabolite profiles in dCP1-treated M2-like TAM showed M1 phenotype macrophage lipid metabolism profiles compared with blank M2-like TAM. Analysis of the key differential lipid metabolites revealed that the interconversion between phosphatidylcholine (PC) and diacylglycerol (DG) metabolites may be the central reaction of the glycopeptide dCP1 in regulating the conversion of M2-like TAM to the M1 phenotype. The above results suggest that the glycopeptide dCP1 has the efficacy to regulate the polarization of M2-like TAM to M1 phenotype in simulated TME.

CAS / MDL: 60-33-3 57-10-3
研究领域: 免疫学 · 肿瘤学 · 药理学 · 分子生物学 · 细胞生物学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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Bioactive Materials · 2024 · IF 18

C176-loaded and phosphatidylserine-modified nanoparticles treat retinal neovascularization by promoting M2 macrophage polarization

An Shao,Lulu Jin,Yanni Ge,Ziqiang Ye,Mingyu Xu,Yifan Zhou,Yingyu Li,Linyan Wang,Pinglong Xu,Kai Jin,Zhengwei Mao,Juan Ye

Retinal neovascularization (RNV), a typical pathological manifestation involved in most neovascular diseases, causes retinal detachment, vision loss, and ultimately irreversible blindness. Repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs were developed against RNV, with limitations of incomplete responses and adverse effects. Therefore, a new treatment with a better curative effect and more prolonged dosage is demanding. Here, we induced macrophage polarization to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling with an antagonist C176, appreciating the role of cGAS-STING signaling in the retina in pro-inflammatory M1 polarization. C176-loaded and phosphatidylserine-modified dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles were constructed and examined by a single intravitreal injection. The biosafe nanoparticles were phagocytosed by retinal macrophages through a phosphatidylserine-mediated “eat me” signal, which persistently release C176 to suppress STING signaling and thereby promote macrophage M2 polarization specifically. A single dosage can effectively alleviate pathological angiogenesis phenotypes in murine oxygen-induced retinopathy models. In conclusion, these C176-loaded nanoparticles with enhanced cell uptake and long-lasting STING inhibition effects might serve as a promising way for treating RNV.

CAS / MDL: 57-88-5 112-02-7
研究领域: 眼科学 · 纳米技术 · 免疫学 · 药理学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE · 2024 · IF 10.5

Reprogramming monocytes into M2 macrophages as living drug depots to enhance treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Yan Liu,Meiling Zhou,Maochang Xu,Xueqin Wang,Yingying Zhang,Yiping Deng,Zongquan Zhang,Jun Jiang,Xiangyu Zhou,Chunhong Li

Delivering therapeutic agents efficiently to inflamed regions remains an intractable challenge following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) due to the transient nature of the enhanced permeability and retention effect, which disappears after 24 h. Leveraging the inflammation-homing and plasticity properties of circulating monocytes (MN) as hitchhiking carriers and further inducing their polarization into anti-inflammatory phenotype macrophages upon reaching the inflamed sites is beneficial for MI/RI therapy. Herein, DSS/PB@BSP nanoparticles capable of clearing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting inflammation were developed by employing hollow Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB) as carriers to encapsulate betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) and further modified with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a targeting ligand for the scavenger receptor on MN. This formulation was internalized into MN as living cell drug depots, reprogramming them into anti-inflammation type macrophages to inhibit inflammation. In vitro assessments revealed the successful construction of the nanoparticle. In a murine MI/RI model, circulating MN laden with these nanoparticles significantly enhanced drug delivery and accumulation at the cardiac injury site, exhibiting favorable therapeutic ability and promoting M2-biased differentiation. Our study provides an effective approach with minimally invasion and biosecurity that makes this nanoplatform as a promising candidate for immunotherapy and clinical translation in the treatment of MI/RI.

CAS / MDL: 2044-85-1 13746-66-2
研究领域: 心脏病学 · 纳米技术 · 免疫疗法 · 药学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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International Journal of Nanomedicine · 2023 · IF 8

Polydopamine Modified Ceria Nanorods Alleviate Inflammation in Colitis by Scavenging ROS and Regulating Macrophage M2 Polarization

Bingqing Zhang,Qiang Li,Qinglin Xu,Baochao Li,Heng Dong,Yongbin Mou

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely related to higher intracellular oxidative stress. Therefore, developing a novel method to scavenge the harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviate colon inflammation to treat IBD is a promising strategy.Methods CeO2@PDA-PEG (CeO2@PP) were synthesized by modifying ceria (CeO2) nanorods with polydopamine (PDA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The ROS scavenging ability of CeO2@PP was detected by using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The anti-inflammatory ability of CeO2@PP was determined in vitro by treating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The biocompatibility of CeO2@PP was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of CeO2@PP in vivo were estimated in a dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model.Results Physicochemical property results demonstrated that PDA and PEG modification endowed CeO2 nanorods with excellent dispersibility and colloidal stability. CeO2@PP maintained superior enzyme-like activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), indicating antioxidant ability. Moreover, in vitro results showed that CeO2@PP with PDA promotes LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages into M2-type polarization. In addition, in vitro and in vivo results showed that CeO2@PP have great biocompatibility and biosafety. Animal experiments have shown that CeO2@PP have excellent anti-inflammatory effects against DSS-induced colitis and effectively alleviated intestinal mucosal injury.Conclusion The nanoplatform CeO2@PP possessed excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties for scavenging ROS and modulating macrophage polarization, which is beneficial for efficient colitis therapy.

CAS / MDL: 9011-18-1
研究领域: 纳米技术 · 药理学 · 免疫学 · 生物医学工程
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY · 2023 · IF 5.6

Pancreatic cancer stem cell-derived exosomal miR-210 mediates macrophage M2 polarization and promotes gemcitabine resistance by targeting FGFRL1

Yao Guo,Jing Cui,Xueyi Liang,Taoyu Chen,Chong Lu,Tao Peng

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious threat to human health, with most patients diagnosed at the advanced stages of the disease. Treatment with gemcitabine (GEM) leads to PC GEM resistance. In addition, cancer stem cell (CSC)-derived exosomes play an important role in cancer progression. We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of action of PC stem cell-derived exosomes in PC drug resistance and progression. CSC-derived exosomes increased the proportion of F4/80+/CD86 + cells and levels of M2 polarization factors. miR-210 is expressed in CSC-derived exosomes. Thus, following co-culture, miR-210 was taken up by macrophages. Transfection or the addition of miR-210 mimics increased the proportion of F4/80+/CD206 + cells and levels of M2 polarization factors. Further, the miR-210 targets inhibited the levels of FGFRL1. The FGFRL1 overexpression plasmid also inhibited miR-210-mediated M2 polarization. After co-culture of THP-M2 cells with PC cells and treatment with GEM, the survival rate, migration rate, and levels of MDR, YB-1, BCRP, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in PC cells increased. And THP-M2 increased the tumor volume and MDR, YB-1, BCRP, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR levels. Overall, miR-210 from PC stem cell-derived exosome targets and inhibits FGFRL1 to promote macrophage M2 polarization, which activates the p-PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR pathway and increases GEM resistance.

CAS / MDL: 16561-29-8
研究领域: 肿瘤学 · 分子生物学 · 细胞生物学 · 癌症研究
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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Journal of Translational Medicine · 2024 ·Vol. 22 ·期 1 ·1-17 · IF 6.1

tRNA-derived fragment 3′tRF-AlaAGC modulates cell chemoresistance and M2 macrophage polarization via binding to TRADD in breast cancer

Mo Dongping,Tang Xun,Ma Yuyan,Chen Dayu,Xu Weiguo,Jiang Ning,Zheng Junyu,Yan Feng

Background Drug resistance, including Adriamycin-based therapeutic resistance, remains a challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment. Studies have revealed that macrophages could play a pivotal role in mediating the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that tRNA-Derived small RNAs (tDRs) are associated the physiological and pathological processes in multiple cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of tDRs on chemoresistance of BC in tumor-associated macrophages remain largely unknown.Methods The high-throughput sequencing technique was used to screen tDRs expression profile in BC cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments and xenograft models were performed to verify the biological function of 3′tRF-Ala-AGC in BC cells. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to investigate immune cell infiltration in BC tissues. To explore the role of 3′tRF-Ala-AGC in macrophages, M2 macrophages transfected with 3′tRF-Ala-AGC mimic or inhibitor were co-cultured with BC cells. Effects on Nuclear factor-κb (NF-κb) pathway were investigated by NF-κb nuclear translocation assay and western blot analysis. RNA pull-down assay was performed to identify 3′tRF-Ala-AGC interacting proteins.Results A 3′tRF fragment of 3′tRF-AlaAGC was screened, which is significantly overexpressed in BC specimens and Adriamycin-resistant cells. 3′tRF-AlaAGC could promote cell malignant activity and facilitate M2 polarization of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Higher expression of M2 macrophages were more likely to have lymph node metastasis and deeper invasion in BC patients. Mechanistically, 3′tRF-AlaAGC binds Type 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) in BC cells, and suppression of TRADD partially abolished the enhanced effect of 3′tRF-AlaAGC mimic on phenotype of M2. The NF-κb signaling pathway was activated in BC cells co-cultured with M2 macrophages transfected with 3′tRF-AlaAGC mimic.Conclusion s3′tRF-AlaAGC might modulate macrophage polarization via binding to TRADD and increase the effect of M2 on promoting the chemoresistance in BC cells through NF-κb signaling pathway.

CAS / MDL: 60-24-2
研究领域: 肿瘤学 · 免疫学 · 分子生物学 · 癌症生物学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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