JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Jinting Chen,Jiayi Shang,Qing Chang,Long Wang,Ruiqi Yang,Han Wang,Jing Zhou,Yu Cao
Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are regarded as compelling energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical capacity and the abundance of sodium (Na). However, SMBs with cycling stability under extreme climatic conditions remain highly challenging, due to the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendrite growth, which is further aggravated when operating under low negative-to-positive capacity ratio (N/P) conditions. Herein, a high-energy-density and wide-temperature SMB is realized using a hetero-salt-regulated electrolyte strategy. Specifically, lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is introduced as a hetero-salt additive into a dual-salt ether electrolyte to stabilize the Na metal anodes. Li + competitively coordinates with solvent molecules, causing the Na + solvation structure to shift toward an anion-rich configuration. The formed anion-dominated solvation shell promotes the formation of a mechanically robust and electronically insulating LiF/NaF-rich SEI, which in turn suppresses interfacial side reactions and effectively mitigates dendrite growth. Consequently, the assembled Na||Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 (NVPF) SMBs (N/ P = 4:1) achieve a high energy density of 335.90 Wh kg −1 (with power density of 26,650.00 W kg −1 ) at 25 °C (based on total mass of the active materials on anode and cathode) and maintain stable operation across a wide temperature range of −40 to 45 °C. This work expedites the development of SMBs for energy-intensive applications in extreme environments. Download: Download high-res image (228KB) Download: Download full-size image
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Yonghui Yang,Hengwei Yan,Zhanwei Liu,Shenghui Guo,Mingyi Hu,Rui Xia
This study investigated the effect of TiO 2 dissolution behavior in NaF–K 2 TiF 6 molten salts and subsequent electrolysis on the production of dense titanium powder. Under isothermal saturation conditions at molar ratios of 1.3–1.9 and temperatures of 800°C–890°C, TiO 2 solubility increased with temperature, reaching 9.75 wt% at 890°C and a 1.3 molar ratio. Dissolution kinetics revealed a two-stage process: an initial zero-order reaction during the first 5 min, followed by a first-order reaction for approximately 90 min. The dissolved TiO 2 formed TiOF n 2−n complexes, leading to K 2 NaTiOF 5 precipitation. Higher saturation of TiOF n 2−n resulted in finer particles, while lower saturation promoted the formation of coarser particles. Electrolysis experiments were conducted at 800°C with a NaF–K 2 TiF 6 molar ratio of 1.3:1. The results revealed that an increase in cathode current density reduced both the specific surface area and oxygen content of the titanium powder. At cathode and anode current densities of 1.9 and 0.31 A/cm 2 , dense spherical titanium powder with 0.22 wt% oxygen was obtained after 4 h of electrolysis. These findings confirm the feasibility of producing dense titanium powder via fluoride-based molten salt electrolysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
冶金学
·
化学工程
·
无机化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 7.4
Nina Pei,Guangtong Sun,Danyang Li,Jinge Gao,Ruoxuan Huang,Xinyu Wang,Qiongqiong Lu
A NaF-Sn hybrid interfacial layer with a bottom-enriched Sn gradient is constructed on sodium metal anodes. • The Sn gradient forms a sodiophilic nucleation zone that enables regulated bottom-up Na deposition. • A homogeneous NaF matrix provides a robust artificial SEI with suppressed side reactions. • The synergistic gradient alloy–fluoride architecture effectively suppresses dendrite growth. • Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ||NaF-Sn@Na full cells deliver ultra-long cycling stability (23,000 cycles at 20C, 83.5% capacity retention). Sodium metal represents a promising anode for high-energy batteries, yet it is plagued by an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendrite formation. Herein, we construct a hybrid interfacial layer on sodium metal that features a substrate-enriched Sn gradient and a homogeneous NaF matrix (denoted as NaF-Sn@Na). Within this architecture, the Sn concentration increases toward the Na metal substrate, forming a sodiophilic nucleation zone with a graded Sn distribution that drives uniform Na deposition outward from the substrate. Furthermore, homogeneously dispersed NaF endows the interfacial layer with robust mechanical strength and acts as a barrier between the electrolyte and sodium anode, thereby mitigating parasitic side reactions. The gradient Sn layer alleviates alloying-induced volume expansion and inhibits the fragmentation of nucleation sites, whereas the homogeneous NaF matrix sustains interfacial mechanical stability and enables fast Na + -ion transport. Benefiting from these structural advantages, NaF-Sn@Na symmetric cells achieve highly reversible Na plating/stripping with low overpotential and outstanding long-term cycling stability. More impressively, the full cell paired with a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode delivers an ultra-long lifespan of 23,000 cycles at 20 C with a high capacity retention of 83.5%. Notably, it maintains excellent operational stability under low N/P ratio condition. This rationally designed gradient alloy/fluoride hybrid structure provides a feasible and practical pathway toward high-stability sodium metal batteries under harsh operating conditions. Synergistic gradient Sn alloying and homogeneous NaF interphase enable regulated bottom-up sodium nucleation and robust interfacial stability, effectively suppressing dendrite growth and parasitic reactions, achieving ultra-long cycling stability of 23,000 cycles in full cells. Download: Download high-res image (245KB) Download: Download full-size image
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Jiaming Li,Youjian Yang,Jiaxin Yang,Hongguang Kang,Zhaowen Wang
The rapid dissolution of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) in fluoride provides a possibility for the recycling of spent lithium battery cathode materials through molten salt electrolysis. In this article, the dissolution behavior and mechanism of LFP in cryolite based molten salts are studied in detail. The dissolution behavior of LFP in NaF-AlF 3 molten salt with a cryolite ratio (CR) of 1.8 was observed and recorded using a custom-made see-through cell. LFP has high solubility, and its tablets rapidly diffuse and dissolve in cryolite, causing the transparent molten salt to display an orange-yellow color indicative of Fe ions. The XRD results of the cooled molten salt indicate that LFP decomposes into AlPO 4 , LiNa 2 AlF 6 , and Fe 2 (PO 4 )F phases after dissolution in fluoride. Due to the instability of LFP, some ferrous elements are easily oxidized by oxygen, forming Li 3 Na 3 Fe 2 F 12 and Fe 2 O 3 . The complex ion cluster structure of LFP at high temperatures was investigated using high-temperature Raman spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Comparative analysis of high-temperature Raman spectra with the addition of LFP, Fe 2 O 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , and blank molten salt suggests that ion clusters containing Fe may include Fe 2 OF 4 , Fe 2 OF 8 4− , and Fe 2 O 2 F 3 − , while ion clusters containing P may include PO 2 F, PO 2 F 3 2− , POF 4 − , and POF 5 2− .
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2020
·
IF 4.032
Ali Reza Kamali,Jigang Yang
The effective disposal and/or utilization of polyethylene terephthalate ((C 10 H 8 O 4 ) n , PET) waste plastics are currently global problems that need to be addressed urgently. The current research examines the molten salt-based thermal treatment of PET waste, as a new approach to tackle this challenge. The effect of various molten salts, comprising KCl, MgCl 2 , ZnCl 2 , NaCl , KF and NaF on the structural and morphological evolution of PET upon heating in air to 1300 °C is investigated. PET is transformed into carbon materials with different characteristics, including graphene-like nanosheets and porous nanostructures , with different electrical conductivity values, depending on the type of salt employed. The melting and evaporation points, as well as the cation size of the salt, are found to have a significant influence on the morphology and the crystallization level of the carbon products, based on which the characteristics of PET-derived carbons are regulated. Accordingly, the crystallinity and graphitization degree of the carbon materials obtained in NaF, KF and NaCl are found to be considerably greater than those obtained in ZnCl 2 , MgCl 2 and KCl. The possible mechanism involved in the conversion of PET into carbon nanostructures in the molten salt environment is discussed. The results obtained provide insights into molten salt conversion of PET into carbon materials with different properties for various applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
纳米技术
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 2.8
Xuejiao Li,Rongrong Cui,Yulong Song,Yu Gong
A comprehensive study by integrating first principles molecular dynamic (FPMD) simulations and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments on the physicochemical properties of multiple halophilic fission products ( M F n = RbF, SrF 2 , YF 3 , and ZrF 4 ) and molten NaF-BeF 2 (FNaBe) mixed salts is reported. The effect mechanism of product type on density and specific heat capacity has been discussed from the interionic distance and its stability, coordination number and its distribution, as well as the neighbor cluster structure and its orientation. It is concluded that volume increments of molten FNaBe+ M F n are primarily caused by Na-Na and M -F interactions, while the highest specific heat capacities ( c p ) of molten FNaBe+ZrF 4 is closely related to the stability of Zr-F bonds and its coordination structures. Furthermore, the DSC results assisted by quantitative analysis of elements indicate that the additive concentration of YF 3 is positively correlated with c p of molten FNaBe+YF 3 in a certain range.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Zhilong Wang,Chao Zhang,Zhongcheng Li,Zeyu Teng,Yu Wang,Kanghua Chen,Changjun Zhu
The uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites and unstable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) film limit the practical application of lithium metal anodes. In this study, we report a synergistic strategy utilizing a Li-Na alloy and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) for the in-situ construction of LiF/NaF-rich hybrid SEI film. This approach inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites and mitigates the volume expansion of lithium metal anodes during repeated plating/stripping. The results indicate that Na + is precipitated from the Li-Na alloy anodes during cycling, with Na + preferentially depositing on the surface of active Li crystals. Meanwhile, Li + is forced to deposit in the inactive regions around Na, thereby inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites. The LiF/NaF-rich hybrid SEI film, which process high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, form on the surface of Li-Na alloy anodes, alleviating the volume expansion of lithium metal anodes. When the molar ratio of Li/Na is 16, the Li-Na alloy exhibits excellent cycling stability and low overpotential. The Li-Na alloy||Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) full cell demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 630 mAh g −1 at 1000 mA g −1 , with 70 % capacity retention after 300 cycles, significantly higher than Li||SPAN (48 %). This strategy presents a potential solution for the practical application of long-life and high energy density lithium-sulfur batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
储能技术
·
电池技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2026
·
IF 6
Xianzhen Cai,Yifan Si,Zhiyi Lin,Bingxue Zhang,Tengfei Zhang,Chong Tang,Chen Li,Xinhui Xia,Yongqi Zhang
O3-type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NFM) is a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, yet its practical application is hindered by interfacial instability during cycling and rapid surface degradation upon air exposure. These drawbacks stem from the high surface reactivity of the exposed lattice, which induces persistent parasitic reactions, excessive cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation, and sluggish Na+ transport. In this study, a low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition strategy is employed to construct a NaF/C artificial CEI on NFM without altering the bulk structure. This approach achieves simultaneous surface chemical passivation and interfacial kinetic regulation. The NaF-rich phase stabilizes the CEI and facilitates Na+ migration, while the incorporated carbon ensures continuous electron conduction, collectively reducing polarization and accelerating Na+ diffusion. As a result, the modified NFM@NaF/C cathode delivers a capacity retention of 85.2% after 100 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, it retains 80% of its initial capacity even after 7 days of air exposure, demonstrating significantly enhanced structural and air stability.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 3.3
Wenjun Liang,Xiaoli Li,Tao Wu,Jichao Bu,Yumiao Wang,Li Guo,Bin Leng,Litao Chang
The combined effects of high-temperature creep and molten salt corrosion present critical challenges for structural materials in molten salt reactors (MSRs). In the present study, the influence of surface preparation on the crack initiation behavior of Ni-based alloy GH3535 under simultaneous creep deformation and molten salt corrosion was investigated. Specimens with three different surface conditions were prepared and tested in molten LiF–NaF–KF salt at 700 °C under identical constant stress. The post-test specimens were then examined using multi-scale techniques. The results show that extensive intergranular cracking occurred in the as-machined specimen. Removing the machined layer by grinding and polishing produced specimens with relatively uniform microstructure, which suppressed subsurface crack nucleation but promoted the initiation of shallow intergranular cracks from the surface. In the high temperature annealed specimen, the machined layer was eliminated due to recrystallization. The annealing process suppressed subsurface creep crack initiation but promoted localized intergranular corrosion, leading to the detachment of recrystallized grains from the surface and subsequent surface driven cracking. These findings demonstrate that the near surface microstructure critically governs the synergy between corrosion and crack initiation of the alloy GH3535 in molten salt. While removing the machining induced zone avoids subsurface cracking, it may increase the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and surface crack initiation, thereby providing essential guidance for surface state optimization strategies for materials in MSR applications.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Nano-Micro Letters
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·325
·
IF 38.5
Ali Muhammad,Ali Moazzam,Hussain Hamid,Aman Samia,Naseer Ufra,Mahmood Asif,Ahsan Muhammad Tayyab,Jiang Yinzhu,Yousaf Muhammad
A multifunctional melamine cyanurate hydrogen-bonded framework separator provides intrinsic flame retardancy, high-temperature dimensional stability, and dendrite suppression, offering a practical alternative to commercial polyolefin separators for sodium metal batteries.
Polar N–H/C=O motifs preferentially interact with PF 6 − , suppressing anion migration and boosting Na + transference number, enabling uniform Na + flux and lower polarization.
Separator-driven interphase regulation forms an inorganic, NaF-rich solid electrolyte interphase confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 3D mapping, improving Na plating/stripping reversibility and long-term full-cell durability at elevated temperature.
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CORROSION SCIENCE
·
2022
·
IF 7.72
Youmin Qiu,Jie Li,Yifeng Bi,Xiaopeng Lu,Xiaohui Tu,Junjie Yang
A novel mixture, comprising sodium fluoride (NaF) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol (ATT), was reported as an effective hybrid corrosion inhibitor for magnesium alloy in pH neutral NaCl solution. The highest efficiency (95.8%) was achieved when 50 mM NaF and 5 mM ATT were mixed. Both experimental and theoretical approaches were employed for addressing the synergism. The synergism was proposed as the formation of a double-layered inhibitors film, in which the lower layer is a uniform fluoride-enriched precipitate layer and the upper one is a hydrophobic adsorption layer. These two layers were mutually strengthened to produce an excellent inhibition effect as a whole.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
理论化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Energy Materials
·
2025
·
IF 26
Jinbo Zhang,Yanxia Su,Zeran Ding,Yuqian Qiu,Chong Li,Yue Ma,Ningyu Zhang,Fei Xu,Hongqiang Wang
The unstable Na/electrolyte interface, plagued by Na dendrites and interface degradation, critically hinders solid-state Na batteries. We propose the design of thin poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based composite polymer electrolytes with a stabilized solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Incorporating SnF 2 into PEO and infusing the composite into an ultrathin polyethylene (PE) scaffold (PEO-xSnF 2 @PE) promotes a stable Na 15 Sn 4 /NaF-rich SEI that facilitates uniform Na⁺ deposition, while the PE layer ensures a thin yet mechanically robust structure. Consequently, the optimized composite polymer electrolyte, featuring an ultrathin 20 µm thickness, low areal density of 1.9 mg cm −2 , and ultrahigh tensile strength of 35 MPa, demonstrates exceptional dendrite-suppressing capability. Such synergistic effects enable Na symmetric cells employing PEO-4SnF 2 @PE to achieve ultralong cycling exceeding 10800 h (>1 year), alongside a critical current density of 1.0 mA cm −2 . Full cells paired with a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode exhibit exceptional cycling stability, achieving 97.6% capacity retention over 500 cycles. This work demonstrates that combining SnF 2 functional additives with a flexible, high-strength supporting layer effectively mitigates interfacial instability and dendrite propagation in solid polymer electrolytes, offering new design principles for long-life solid-state sodium metal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
储能技术
·
固态电池
·
聚合物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）