CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Benjamin Tawiah,Sana Ullah,Ivan Miguel De Cachinho Cordeiro,Anthony C.Y. Yuen,Yang Ming,Mohammad Z. Rahman,Daming Chen,Wei Cai,Zheng Guangping,Bekeshev Amirbek,Lyazzat Tastanova,Bin Fei
Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a widely used engineering polymer, valued for its mechanical strength and ease of processability. However, its inherent flammability, low thermal conductivity, and weak ferroelectric response restrict its applicability in advanced composite materials. In this study, a multifunctional PA6 composite was developed using phosphor-silicone decorated nanodiamonds (NDSiP), resulting in enhanced fire safety, improved thermal conductivity, superior pyroelectric response, and strengthened nanomechanical properties. The composite demonstrated a 40.7 % reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a 160 % increase in the flame retardancy index (FRI), achieving a V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31.2 %. MD-ReaxFF simulations confirmed that the flame-retardant mechanism primarily occurred in the condensed phase, evidenced by a significant C–C peak shift towards 1.42 Å and 1.16 Å, corresponding to graphitic structure bond distances, induced by the presence of ND and oxidized phosphor-siloxane carbonaceous clusters. The thermal conductivity of the composites increased by 302 %, accompanied by substantial improvements in remnant polarization (0.208752 µC/cm2), switching polarization (0.72 µC/cm2), average permittivity (66.0), capacitance (19.5 pF), and resistivity (1.37 GΩ). Additionally, a notable enhancement in the pyroelectric coefficient (−∂P/∂T) was observed, attributed to the enhanced phase transition behavior of NDSiP within the PA6 matrix. Moreover, the composites exhibited exceptional heat dissipation capabilities, driven by the phonon heat transport effect of ND, making them suitable for thermal management applications. Significant improvements in nanoindentation hardness and Young’s modulus were achieved, alongside a 123 % increase in tensile strength, highlighting the strong interfacial bonding between PA6 and NDSiP.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
·
纳米技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Guang Yang,Jinze Cui,Kewen Zeng,Yutai Luo,Feng Bao,Jiali Yu,Caizhen Zhu,Jian Xu,Huichao Liu
Chopped ultra-thin carbon fiber tape reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites are considered promising materials for balancing the mechanical properties and ease of processing, particularly due to their in-plane quasi-isotropy, which facilitate structural design and manufacturing in the industry. However, further advancement is hindered by the weak interfacial bonding and modulus mismatch between carbon fiber (CF) and PA6 matrix, as well as high porosity of the CF/PA6 composites. In this work, plasma treatment and mixed COOH-carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/PA6 sizing methods are proposed to enhance the surface roughness (Ra) and surface energy of the CF. Compared to untreated CF, the Ra value and surface energy of the modified CF increased by 45.1 % and 69.7 %, respectively. After 0.6 wt% COOH-CNTs modification, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites reach 900.0 MPa, 48.4 GPa, and 62.3 MPa, which are respectively 24.9 %, 19.8 %, and 36.9 % higher than those of the unmodified composites. In particular, the porosity is reduced to 1.22 %, which is 73.3 % lower than that of unmodified composites. Moreover, the [email protected] wt% CNT/PA6 composites exhibit mitigatory modulus gradient across the interphase. This work synergistically enhances the interface adhesion and reduces the porosity of the CF/PA6 composites via a large-scale continuous modification technology.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子复合材料
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表面工程
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界面科学
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聚合物基复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Fangjuan Wu,Caofeng Ji,Haitao Huang,Huolin Zhong,Hui Fang
Highly thermally conductive polyamide 6 (PA6)/aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 )/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composites were fabricated through dynamic reactive blending. By utilizing the synergistic effect of low viscosity monomer and dynamic shear, uniform dispersion of Al 2 O 3 and GNP in the PA6 matrix was achieved, forming efficient thermal conductive networks. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of fillers and good interfacial bonding characteristics. The results showed that when Al 2 O 3 and GNP contents were 43 and 7 wt%, respectively, the thermal conductivity reached 2.71 W/m·K, representing a 984% enhancement over neat PA6 and a 45.7% improvement compared to melt-blended composites. The P-S theoretical model was employed to understand the underlying mechanism, showing good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental results. LED heat dissipation tests demonstrated excellent thermal response characteristics and temperature stability of the composites in practical thermal management applications, indicating their promising potential in electronic cooling applications. Highlights Dynamic reactive blending was used to prepare thermal conductive composites. Low viscosity of monomer and dynamic shear promoted uniform dispersion of fillers. The composites showed thermal conductivity of 2.71 W/m·K, 984% higher than neat PA6. P-S model showed enhanced parallel effect reduced interfacial thermal resistance. Composites demonstrated effective heat dissipation in LED thermal management tests.
研究领域:
材料科学
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热管理技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 137
·期 37
·49577
·
IF 2.52
Xiang Chen,Haibing Xu,Dong Liu,Chun Yan,Youqiang Yao,Yingdan Zhu
Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composite has an extensive application. However, the performances of CF/PA6 composite are constrained by the poor interfacial adhesion between CF and PA6 matrix. In this article, in order to strengthen the interfacial adhesion of CF/PA6 composite, a layer of poly(cyclotriphosphazene- co -4,4′-sulfonyldiphonel) (PZS) hybrid coating with plenty of PZS microspheres (PZSMS) was successfully introduced onto CF surface through facile in situ polymerization. After surface modification, the surface morphologies and the surface chemical structures of fibers changed distinctly. On one hand, the PZSMS provided more contact points and increased mechanical interlocking between CF and PA6 matrix. On the other hand, numerous hydrogen bonds between CF and PA6 were formed due to a great amount of unique polar groups on modified CF surface. Consequently, in comparison with untreated CF, the interfacial shear strength of CF-PZSMS/PA6 composites was improved from 37.68 ± 3.16 to 53.79 ± 3.38 MPa, by 42.75 ± 3.02%. The results indicated that PZS hybrid coating on fiber surface effectively improved the interfacial adhesion of CF/PA6 composites, and the stronger hydrogen bonding and the enhanced mechanical interlocking synergistically played a major role in such significant improvements.
研究领域:
材料科学
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复合材料工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Huanhuan Wang,Qi Qu,Jun Yang,Qingbin Tian,Jin Wang,Jiming Gao,Yufeng Liu,Yan He
The practical application of polyamide 6 (PA6) in structural engineering is hindered by its limited toughness and weak interfacial interaction with reinforcing fillers. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely explored to overcome these deficiencies, yet their strong tendency to agglomerate and poor compatibility with PA6 restrict efficient load transfer. Herein, we propose a solvent-free one-pot in situ polymerization strategy that simultaneously functionalizes carboxylated CNTs with bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (APDMS) and integrates them into PA6 during ε-caprolactam polymerization. Compared with neat PA6, the nanocomposites exhibited increases of 16.1% in tensile strength, 21.9% in flexural strength, and 10.3% in notched impact strength. These improvements originate from a chemically bridged siloxane interphase, in which APDMS provides dual amino groups for covalent coupling and a flexible backbone for interfacial stress dissipation. The proposed approach eliminates the need for organic solvents and multi-step procedures, providing an environmentally friendly and scalable route to tailor interfacial structures. This work not only demonstrates a balanced enhancement in stiffness, strength, and toughness, but also provides mechanistic insights into interphase engineering for advanced thermoplastic nanocomposites. Highlights Solvent-free one-pot in situ polymerization for CNT/PA6 nanocomposites. Bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (APDMS) enables CNT grafting and PA6 chain growth via dual reactivity. Robust siloxane interphase improves CNT dispersion and stress transfer. Balanced strength and toughness achieved in CNT/PA6 nanocomposites. Interphase reinforcement arises from covalent bonds and stress-dissipating siloxane.
研究领域:
材料科学
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聚合物纳米复合材料
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界面工程
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聚合物力学性能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2026
·
IF 14
Yantao Zhang,Yunhan Li,Hanlun Jin,Jiaoli Hu,Quanjing Guan,Xiaosong He,Jiaqi Zhou,Anqi Ju
A novel environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane (WPU) sizing agent was developed in this study for interfacial tailoring of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites (CF/PA6 composites), with the aim of simultaneously enhancing their mechanical properties and UV resistance, thereby achieving structural-functional integration. The sizing agent was molecularly designed with multi-hydroxyl side groups and UV-resistant chain segments, and synthesized via a facile two-step organic route, endowing it with excellent interfacial reactivity and intrinsic UV resistance. Regulating the hydrophilic group content enabled the preparation of WPU sizing agent with a high solid content of 56%, which exhibited high coating efficiency, environmental benignity, yellowing resistance, and storage stability, indicating considerable potential for industrial-scale production. Relative to unsized CF/PA6 composites, the flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of WPU sized CF/PA6 composite were enhanced by 61.5%, 57.0%, and 71.2%, reaching 715 MPa, 62.8 MPa, and 74 MPa, respectively, and the retention rate of mechanical properties after UV irradiation was as high as 98%. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed microscopic interlocking between WPU and PA6, leading to an increased interfacial coupling thickness. This study offers new insights into the development of high-performance thermoplastic resin-based composites and the microscopic understanding of their interfacial tailoring mechanisms.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Carbon Letters
·
2025
·
IF 5.8
Deng Pengfei,Wang Shuangquan,Zhang Qiuxue,Li Songsong,Deng Yunjiao,Fu Zhongyu,Zhou Chao,Zhang Huixuan
Poor bonding occurs with resin due to surface inertness of carbon fiber (CF), so CF surfaces were often treated. In some common surface treatments, sizing was a simple and effective modification method. Polyurethane (PU) was used as the main component of sizing agents due to its similar structure to polyamide 6 (PA6). The CF/PA6 composites’ interfacial properties were improved using PU as a sizing agent. Meanwhile, in this paper, glycidol (GLD) was introduced into the PU emulsion so that the epoxy group reacted with the carboxyl group on the acidified CF. After testing, when the content of glycidyl in the sizing agent is 2%, the CF/PA6 composites showed an important improvement in tensile, impact, and flexural strengths, which increased by 49.4%, 94.6%, and 53.2%, respectively. In addition, the effect of modified WPU sizing agents with different GLD contents on the properties of CF/PA6 composites was investigated.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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复合材料
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表面改性
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 43
·e56154
·
IF 2.7
Weikai Han,Weibin Pan,Xianzhang Liu,Hongfeng Xie,Jie Jin,Jinling Liang,Yufeng Zhang,Guojia Huang,Jingshu Wu,Limiao Lin,Yonghang Xu,Yuezhong Meng
A CO 2 -based thermoplastic elastomer, poly(propylene carbonate)-multiblock-polyamide6 (PPC- mb -PA6) copolymer, was constructed through coupling amorphous/soft PPC blocks with crystalline/hard PA6 blocks. The PPC- mb -PA6 copolymers with different block length pairs were designed and synthesized, and then fully characterized by structural, thermal, and mechanical analysis. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results confirm that the multiblock sequence structure of PPC- mb -PA6. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests show that all PPC-mb-PA6s possess melting points around 179–206°C. The thermal and mechanical analysis indicates improved service temperatures ( T 5% up to 270°C) and tensile strength ranging from 15.8 to 39.6 MPa with higher PA6 content. The dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrates excellent shape memory effect of PPC- mb -PA6 with thermal stimuli responsiveness derived from the micro phase separation between soft PPC and hard PA6 domains. And the characteristic strain fixity parameter ( R f ) and deformation recovery rate ( R r ) are 98% and 100%, respectively, which are comparable with other excellent shape memory polymers.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 5
·3331-3338
·
IF 4.6
Dinghua Yu,Jianqiang Wang,Guowei Wang
Silane coupling agents play an indispensable role in improving interfacial adhesion of composite materials, but their interaction mechanism is often unclear. This article combines experiments and theoretical calculations to reveal the importance of hydrogen bonds between silane coupling agents and the matrix polyamide 6 in improving the mechanical properties of composite materials. Firstly, glycine bridged silane (GBSilane) was synthesized and the structure was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and HRMS. Secondly, with glass fiber treated using GBSilane as a filler, the mechanical properties of glass fiber/PA6 composite materials were studied. Compared with untreated glass fiber/PA6 composites, under the optimal treatment concentration of 1.5%, the tensile strength of glass fiber/PA6 composites treated with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and GBSilane increased by 41% and 67%, respectively, and the notch impact strength increased by 55% and 96.5%, respectively. Lastly, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that stronger hydrogen bonds have formed between GBSilane and PA6 than APTES, which have induced the stronger PA6–GBSilane binding energy of 58.20 kJ mol−1. By comparison, the binding energy of PA6–APTES is only 30.91 kJ mol−1. These results demonstrated that the as-synthesized GBSilane could improve the mechanical properties of PA6 composites through an enhanced hydrogen bonding mechanism.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MATERIALS & DESIGN
·
2019
·
IF 5.77
Zhen Zhang,Ming Cao,Peng Chen,Bin Yang,Bin Wu,Jibin Miao,Ru Xia,Jiasheng Qian
In this study, selective distribution of amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH 2 ) in poly (vinylidene fluoride)/polyamide 6 (PA6/PVDF) blends is achieved via the mixing process and subsequent migration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selective extraction confirmed that MWCNTs-NH 2 could migrate from the PVDF phase to the two-phase interface. The composites could significantly improve thermal/electrical conduction capacity of the composites with low dose. The thermal infrared characterization also indicated that the composites have better heat absorption capability and dissipation performance due to the good thermal conductivity . Rheological measurements exhibited the MWCNTs-NH 2 could form network structure with a low content at the interface of the composites. Moreover, the addition of MWCNTs-NH 2 led to an improvement in the mechanical properties compared with the pure PA6/PVDF blends. These results manifest that the thermal/electrical conductivity and mechanical performance of the composites with low filler loading can be significantly improved by selective distribution of MWCNTs-NH 2 through controlling the migration process.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SENSORS
·
2020
·Vol. 20
·期 2
·506
·
IF 3.275
Zhuangzhi Sun,Lu Yang,Sicheng Liu,Jintao Zhao,Zhiwei Hu,Wenlong Song
In this paper, a kind of green triboelectric nano-generator based on natural degradable cellulose is proposed. Different kinds of regenerated cellulose composite layers are prepared by a blending doping method, and then assembled with poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) thin films to form tribioelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The results show that the open circuit output voltage and the short circuit output current using a pure cellulose membrane is 7.925 V and 1.095 μA. After adding a certain amount of polyamide (PA6)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/barium titanate (BaTiO3), the open circuit output voltage peak and the peak short circuit output current increases by 254.43% (to 20.155 V) and 548.04% (to 6.001 μA). The surface morphology, elemental composition and functional group of different cellulose layers are characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tested by the electrochemical analyze. Moreover, after multiple assembly and rectification processing, the electrical output performance shows that the peak value of open-circuit output voltage and the peak value of short circuit output current increases by 132.06% and 116.13%. Within 500 s of the charge-discharge test, the single peak charge reached 3.114 V, and the two peak charges reached 3.840 V. The results demonstrate that the nano-generator based on cellulose showed good stability and reliability, and the application and development of natural biomaterials represented by cellulose are greatly promoted in miniature electronic sensing area.Keywords:nano-generator;cellulose;piezoelectric polymers;nanoparticles;performance
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Hui Fang,Yan Fang,Fangjuan Wu,Xinfeng Fan,Shaowei Guo,Li Huang
Carbon fiber fabric (CFF)/polyamide 6 (PA6) composites suffer from poor interfacial bonding due to incomplete fiber wetting and void formation. This study presents a dual-scale synergistic surface modification strategy combining mild alkaline etching with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) coating. Optimal etching parameters were established at 3 h with 5 wt% NaOH solution at 60°C. The synergistic mechanism operates at micrometer and nanometer scales: alkaline etching creates microscopic grooves and introduces oxygen-containing functional groups, while KH550 coating forms strong covalent Si O C bonds and hydrogen bonding with the PA6 matrix. CFF/PA6 composites were prepared using resin transfer molding (RTM) with in situ polymerization. The optimized K-CFF/PA6 composite exhibited superior mechanical properties: tensile strength of 688.1 MPa (29.6% higher than R-CFF/PA6 composite), Young's modulus of 29.2 GPa (18.7% higher), flexural strength of 472.3 MPa (75.5% higher), and flexural modulus of 23.1 GPa (43.9% higher). Most notably, the composite achieved the lowest porosity (0.498%) among reported materials, with interfacial layer thickness increasing from 540 to 930 nm. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the dual-scale synergistic mechanism. This strategy offers significant advantages over conventional oxidation methods by preserving fiber integrity while achieving superior mechanical performance, rendering it suitable for industrial-scale applications in aerospace and automotive sectors.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）