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PEEK
RSC Advances · 2017 ·Vol. 7 ·期 53 ·33450-33458 · IF 3.108

Enhanced tribological performance of PEEK/SCF/PTFE hybrid composites by graphene

Liu Liu,Fei Yan,Fangyuan Gai,Linghan Xiao,Lei Shang,Ming Li,Yuhui Ao

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/short carbon fiber (SCF)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/graphene (GE) composites (PSPGE) with different weight fractions of GE were prepared successfully. The effect of GE on the tribological behavior of PEEK composites was investigated under different applied pressures, sliding speeds and temperatures. Characterization results revealed that the tribological performance was improved with the increase of GE loading, and 2.0 wt% GE filled PEEK/SCF/PTFE composites had the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. The PSPGE exhibited excellent lubrication and wear resistance efficiency especially under harsh conditions. Moreover, the improved thermal conductivity of the PSPGE composites allowed friction heat to be transferred and further increased the wear resistance. Thus, this newly developed novel PSP2.0GE composite could be applied to many new fields as an advanced friction material.

CAS / MDL: 9002-84-0
研究领域: 材料科学 · 机械工程
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DENTAL MATERIALS JOURNAL · 2022 · IF 2.418

Influence of fabrication method on the biological properties of modified PEEK

Xia WEI,Mingjun WANG,Yu PAN,Honglei LIN,Lei JIANG,Yinghui WANG,Hui CHENG

To investigate the influence of fabrication method on the biological properties of modified PEEK. Two materials were tested in this study: press and CAD/CAM milled ceramic-reinforced PEEK (BioHPP, Bredent, Germany). The residual diphenyl sulfone in these two materials was detected and their biological effects on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were evaluated by assaying cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation. Diphenyl sulfone was not detected in press and milled BioHPP. The cell viability of them complied with ISO standards. The mRNA expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 were up-regulated and that of Bcl-2 was downregulated when HGFs were cultured with the eluates of these two materials. There was no difference in cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation between them. Hence, the fabrication method did not affect the biological properties of modified PEEK, the press and CAD/CAM milled modified PEEK all presented favorable cytocompatibility despite the expression of apoptosis-associated genes at the mRNA level.

CAS / MDL: 127-63-9
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Frontiers of Materials Science · 2020 ·Vol. 14 ·期 2 ·177-187 · IF 1.747

PEEK modified PLA shape memory blends: towards enhanced mechanical and deformation properties

Zhang Lan,Lin Zhaohua,Zhou Qiang,Ma Suqian,Liang Yunhong,Zhang Zhihui

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising shape memory polymers with outstanding biocompatibility, while poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a special engineering plastic with excellent mechanical performance. In this work, PEEK was selected to modify PLA, and a series of PLA blended with different PEEK contents (PLA/PEEK blends) were obtained. The effects of PEEK on thermodynamic, mechanical and shape memory properties of PLA/PEEK blends were investigated. The results showed that the thermal stability of the PLA/PEEK blend was improved with the PEEK content increase. The tensile strength reached the highest value of 20.6 MPa when the PEEK content was 10%. While the best shape memory performance occurred with the PEEK content of 15%, the shape recovery time was less than 2 s, and the shape fixation/recovery ratio was more than 99%. Furthermore, the programmable mimetic flower opening process was achieved by using PLA/PEEK blends with different PEEK content ratios. The above results indicated that the blend of an appropriate proportion of PEEK had positive effects on mechanical and deformation performances of PLA.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 生物医学工程
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY · 2025 · IF 8.3

Robust PEEK-reinforced poly (aryl piperidinium) hydroxide exchange membrane for water electrolysis

Xinyi Liu,Yun Zhao,Zhiwei Ren,Yangkai Han,Tao Wei,Haitao Zhang,Jun Chi,Junling Ma,Zhigang Shao

Hydroxide exchange membrane water electrolysis (HEMWE) is garnering significant attention for large-scale green hydrogen production, owing to high operating current density and low capital cost. Hydroxide exchange membrane (HEM), a key component of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), has been pursuing on improving its conductivity and dimensional stability for past several years. In this study, we develop a robust poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK)-reinforced poly (aryl piperidinium) (TP-100) composite HEM (TP-100-PEEK) by a simple casting method. TP-100-PEEK shows excellent dimensional stability, good mechanical property and modest hydroxide conductivity. We also demonstrate a high-performance and durable HEMWE with the prepared TP-100-PEEK, achieving a high current density up to 3.5 A cm −2 at 2 V and over 1600 h long-term operation with a low decay rate of 51 μV h −1 at 1 A cm −2 . These results indicate that TP-100-PEEK has a significant potential for HEMWEs.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 能源工程 · 化学工程
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL · 2026 · IF 12.5

Bimetallic MOF-engineered 3D-printed PEEK implants orchestrate osteoregeneration via macrophage reprogramming

Duo Sun,Shihui Yang,Shuwei Qiao,Zhuoran Wang,Xiao Han,Sihan Ma,Heyi Gong,Jinghui Zhao,Fei Yan

3D-printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) scaffolds hold great promise for personalized bone repair owing to their excellent mechanical properties and highly tunable porous architectures. However, their intrinsic bioinertness severely limits osseointegration and long-term clinical efficacy. We have developed an innovative bioactive scaffold (SIM@MPSP) by engineering a multifunctional biointerface onto 3D-printed porous PEEK. The biointerface consists of a polydopamine-anchored bimetallic (MgCu) metal-organic framework (MOF) coating that enables efficient loading and sustained release of simvastatin (SIM), Mg 2+ , and Cu 2+ . The coordinated release of these agents creates a therapeutically conducive microenvironment that promotes osteogenesis and angiogenesis, while reprogramming macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to a pro-regenerative M2 state through modulation of both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. This immune-regulatory process effectively mitigates inflammation and rescues inflammatory suppression of osteogenesis, thereby establishing a favorable osteoimmunomodulatory niche. SIM@MPSP demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, significantly attenuated foreign-body responses, and enabled robust bone regeneration in in vivo models. Mechanistically, the scaffold facilitates deep bone growth throughout its porous network and forms an interlocked interface with native bone, thereby achieving robust osseointegration. This study presents a powerful biointerface engineering strategy for converting bioinert PEEK into a bioinstructive platform capable of orchestrating coordinated osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory responses, thus offering new opportunities for personalized treatment of complex bone defects.

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Materials Today Communications · 2025 · IF 4.5

Preliminary study on superlubricity behaviors of modified PI-PEEK with nano silica

Siyu Yan,Yuwei Cheng,Lei Li,Xiangpei Qin,Hao Xiong,Xinlei Gao,Li Wu

Concern for the environment is one of the main factors that are increasing the demand for superlubricity materials, this study aims to evaluate the lubrication performance of nano-silica modified PI and coating of polyetheretherketone (PI (NS)-PEEK) superlubricity material during the plane-plane contact process. A series of PI-PEEK materials modified by silica nanoparticles with different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt%) were synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), white light interferometer, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Friction tests were conducted under a load of 5 N for three hours to determine the optimal concentration based on anti-frictional properties. The PI-PEEK optimized with a 0.1 wt% concentration of SiO 2 further applied in the friction test at different velocities and different loads. Suggesting its potential as a superlubricity material. The results indicated superior antifriction performance at a NS concentration of 0.1 wt%, leading to the minimal average friction coefficients of 0.001221 (load of 5 N, velocity of 200 rpm), maintain superlubricity (ACOF=0.007528) under high loads (load of 95 N, velocity of 200 rpm), and maintain superlubricity (ACOF=0.007528) under high velocities (load of 5 N, velocity of 400 rpm). Additionally, the use of the nano-silica contributed to the formation of transfer film. SEM and white light interferometer characterization outcomes demonstrated that the worn surface of PI (NS)-PEEK exhibited a greater propensity to generate a smooth and continuous transfer film, compared to samples with a nano-free PI-PEEK. The EDS characterization results manifested that the transfer film consisted of three elements, viz. carbon (C), oxygen (O), and silicon (Si). These findings suggest that PI (NS)-PEEK could serve as an effective alternative to conventional bearing in future industrial bearing applications.

CAS / MDL: 64-17-5
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Regenerative Biomaterials · 2020 ·Vol. 8 ·期 1 · IF 4.882

Strontium ranelate incorporated 3D porous sulfonated PEEK simulating MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation

Sun Yingxiao,Liu Xingdan,Tan Ji,Lv Dan,Song Wengang,Su Rui,Li Ling,Liu Xuanyong,Ouyang Liping,Liao Yun

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been used as an implant material because it has similar mechanical properties to natural bone. However, inferior osseointegration and bioinertness hamper the clinical application of PEEK. In this study, the surfaces of sulfonated three-dimensional (3D) PEEK porous structures were loaded with different concentrations of strontium ranelate, a compound commonly used in the treatment or prevention of osteoporosis by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the topography of the structures, elemental carbon, oxygen and strontium contents were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and surface zeta potentials and water-contact angle were also measured. The results indicated that strontium ranelate was successfully loaded onto the 3D porous structures. In vitro cellular results showed that strontium ranelate-treated sulfonated PEEK (SP-SR) strengthened the adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization deposition of MC3T3-E1 cells were also improved on the surface of SP-SR. These results indicate that SP-SR could serve a new implant candidate for surgical treatment.

CAS / MDL: 123-03-5
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COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY · 2020 · IF 7.094

PAI/MXene sizing-based dual functional coating for carbon fiber/PEEK composite

Xueyu Yuan,Jing Jiang,Huawei Wei,Chengce Yuan,Mingqiang Wang,Dawei Zhang,Li Liu,Yudong Huang,Guo-Lin Gao,Zaixing Jiang

Thermoplastic resins have contributed more and more to the field of fiber reinforced composites . The ability to fabricate fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin composites with excellent and functional interface performances has so far been elusive. Herein, we use a polyamide-imide (PAI)/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene sizing to enhance the interfacial performance of CF reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites. The composite sizing makes the composite with high interfacial adhesion and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances. Our results indicate that traditional composite materials can improve performance and increase functionality through interface treatment.

CAS / MDL: 7789-24-4
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BIOMATERIALS · 2023 · IF 14

Glucose-primed PEEK orthopedic implants for antibacterial therapy and safeguarding diabetic osseointegration

Miaomiao He,Hao Wang,Qiuyang Han,Xiuyuan Shi,Shuai He,Jiyu Sun,Zhuoli Zhu,Xueqi Gan,Yi Deng

Diabetic infectious microenvironment (DIME) frequently leads to a critical failure of osseointegration by virtue of its main peculiarities including typical hyperglycemia and pathogenic infection around implants. To address the plaguing issue, we devise a glucose-primed orthopedic implant composed of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Cu-chelated metal-polyphenol network (hauberk coating) and glucose oxidase (GOx) for boosting diabetic osseointegration. Upon DIME, GOx on implants sostenuto consumes glucose to generate H 2 O 2 , and Cu liberated from hauberk coating catalyzes the H 2 O 2 to highly germicidal •OH, which massacres pathogenic bacteria through photo-augmented chemodynamic therapy. Intriguingly, the catalytic efficiency of the coating gets greatly improved with the turnover number (TON) of 0.284 s −1 . Moreover, the engineered implants exhibit satisfactory cytocompatibility and facilitate osteogenicity due to the presence of Cu and osteopromotive polydopamine coating. RNA-seq analysis reveals that the implants enable to combat infections and suppress pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1). Besides, in vivo evaluations utilizing infected diabetic rat bone defect models at week 4 and 8 authenticate that the engineered implants considerably elevate osseointegration through pathogen elimination, inflammation dampening and osteogenesis promotion. Altogether, our present study puts forward a conceptually new tactic that arms orthopedic implants with glucose-primed antibacterial and osteogenic capacities for intractable diabetic osseointegration.

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Biomaterials Advances · 2023 · IF 0

Superhydrophilic and topography-regulatable surface grafting on PEEK to improve cellular affinity

Bowen Zhang,Junqing Leng,Zhicong Ouyang,Zijian Yang,Qing Zhang,Qingchu Li,Dichen Li,Huiyu Zhao

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely used in the preparation of orthopedic implants due to its biological inertness and similar mechanical modulus to natural bone. However, the affinity between biological tissue (bone and soft tissue) and PEEK surface is weak, leading to low osseointegration and an increased risk of inflammation. The situation could be improved by modifying PEEK surface. Surfaces with good hydrophilicity and proper microtopography would promote cellular adhesion and proliferation. This work presented a two-step surface modification method to achieve the effect. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) chains were grafted on PEEK surface by UV irradiation. Then, ethylenediamine (EDA) was added to introduce amino groups and promote the cross-linking of PAA chains. Furthermore, a mathematical model was built to describe and regulate the surface topography growth process semi-quantitatively. The model fits experimental data quite well (adjusted R 2  = 0.779). Results showed that the modified PEEK surface obtained superhydrophilicity. It significantly improved the adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs and MFBs by activating the FAK pathway and Rho family GTPase. The cellular affinity performed better when the surface topography was in network structure with holes in about 25 μm depth and 20–50 μm diameter. Good hydrophilicity seems necessary for the FAK pathway activation, but simply improving surface hydrophilicity might not be enough for cellular affinity improvement. Surface topography at micron scale should be a more important cue. This simple surface modification method could be contributed to further study of cell-microtopography interaction and have potential applications in clinical PEEK orthopedic implants.

CAS / MDL: 79-10-7 25952-53-8
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E-POLYMERS · 2022 ·Vol. 22 ·期 1 ·763-774 · IF 3.074

Preparation of PEEK-NH2/graphene network structured nanocomposites with high electrical conductivity

Huizhi Liu,Qilin Mei,Guomin Ding,Han Xiao,Shuhui Chen,Zhixiong Huang

The percolation thresholds of poly ether ether ketone/graphene (PEEK/Gr) composites in most studies are high due to the random distribution of Gr in the matrix. Here, aminated poly-ether-ether-ketone/graphene network (PEEK-NH 2 /GN) nanocomposites were prepared by electrostatic adsorption of PEEK-NH 2 with positive charges and graphene oxide with negative charges, followed by in -situ reduction and hot-pressing. The GN structure of composites was well presented in the images of scanning electron microscope. The PEEK-NH 2 /GN nanocomposites exhibited excellent electrical conductivity with a maximum conductivity of 0.0634 S·cm −1 and a percolation threshold as low as 0.25 vol%. In addition, the maximum tensile strength of nanocomposites was reached at 93 MPa when the Gr content was 0.5 wt%. We believe that this approach is a new avenue for the production of low filler high conductive polymer composites with potential commercial prospects in various fields.

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SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY · 2026 · IF 6.9

A robust F-SiO2/MXene/PEEK photothermal superhydrophobic coating with low-friction properties

Jing Xu,Fengxiang Zhou,Hangqing Xie,Tie Zhang,Jiadi Lian

Photothermal superhydrophobic coatings have been recognized as a promising strategy for preventing ice accretion on industrial infrastructures. However, their practical deployment is often limited by mechanical fragility and performance decay under harsh icing conditions. Herein, we report a robust anti-icing coating- denoted as MSP (MXene-F-SiO 2 -PEEK). In this system, MXene acts as a nanoscale photothermal furnace, enabling rapid surface heating under illumination, while F-SiO 2 constructs a hierarchical micro/nanostructure that impairs ice nucleation through exceptional water repellency. The synergistic interplay between the photothermal effect and superhydrophobicity results in a remarkable freezing delay—three times longer than that of bare stainless steel—and enables rapid deicing within 181 ± ± 4 s under 0.2 kW/m 2 illumination. Moreover, the intrinsic self-lubricating property of MXene and the robust adhesion provided by the PEEK matrix collectively endow the coating with outstanding mechanical durability, maintaining its performance after extensive abrasion. This MSP coating strategy offers a promising and scalable solution for combating ice accretion and providing lubrication in dynamic systems, such as mechanical joints, operating under demanding low-temperature and high-humidity conditions.

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