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Biomaterials Advances · 2026 · IF 6.7

High performance injectable PLLA/BG composite microspheres in aging skin regeneration

Zi Lin Li,Gang Wang,Yilin Ding,Qiyuan Dai,Huitong Luo,Zhifeng Shi,Xinrong Xu,Xiaodong Cao

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) microspheres have been successfully commercialized for skin rejuvenation. However, the inherent material properties, notably their hydrophobic surface and the acidic byproducts generated during degradation, have the potential to incite inflammatory responses and compromise long-term efficacy in tissue regeneration. In order to overcome these limitations, integrating biodegradable polymers with bioactive components are highly desirable to synergistically improve biocompatibility and actively stimulate tissue regeneration. In this study, we engineered novel composite microspheres that integrate PLLA with bioactive glass (BG). In vitro, PLLA/BG composite microspheres functioned as potent biomimetic cues, dramatically boosting cell biological behaviors of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). Furthermore, the microspheres upregulated the expression of critical extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which underscores their potential to drive skin regeneration, and orchestrated a pro-regenerative response by upregulating key signaling factors, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5). The microspheres effectively polarized macrophages toward the pro-regenerative M2 phenotype and enhanced angiogenesis. In vivo experiments using a wrinkle-induced mouse model demonstrated that PLLA/BG composite microspheres significantly suppressed wrinkle formation, enhanced the deposition of ECM proteins, and stimulated new blood vessel formation. Collectively, our results established that PLLA/BG composite microspheres could modulate the skin microenvironment and achieve rejuvenation of aging skin.

CAS / MDL: 32222-06-3 75-09-2
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ACS Omega · 2021 · IF 3.512

PLLA Porous Microsphere-Reinforced Silk-Based Scaffolds for Auricular Cartilage Regeneration

Yan Zeng,Xiaokai Li,Xia Liu,Yuzhou Yang,Zhimin Zhou,Jincai Fan,Haiyue Jiang

Microtia, frequently encountered in plastic surgery practice, is usually corrected by auricular reconstruction with prostheses or autologous cartilages. In recent decades, however, cartilage tissue engineering has been emerging as a promising alternative for its minimal invasion and low immunogenicity. As a critical factor for tissue engineering, scaffolds are expected to be sufficiently porous and stiff to facilitate chondrogenesis. In this work, we introduce novel poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) porous microsphere-reinforced silk-based hybrid (SBH) scaffolds with a multihierarchical porous structure. The scaffolds are fabricated by embedding PLLA porous microspheres (PMs) into a blending matrix of silk fibroin (SF) and gelatin solution, followed by mixing with a degummed silk fiber mesh and freeze-drying process. Through adjusting the amount of PLLA PMs, the mechanical strength approximates to natural cartilage and also balanced physical properties were realized. Biological evaluations of SBH scaffolds, both in vitro and in vivo, were conducted and PM-free plain silk-based (PSB) scaffolds were applied as control. Overall, it suggests that the incorporation of PLLA PMs remarkably improves mechanical properties and the capability to promote chondrogenesis of SBH scaffolds, and that SBH scaffolds appear to be a promising construct for potential applications in auricular cartilage tissue engineering and relevant fields.

CAS / MDL: 25952-53-8
研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 组织工程 · 整形外科
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES · 2019 · IF 3.973

Strontium-incorporated mineralized PLLA nanofibrous membranes for promoting bone defect repair

Xiuguo Han,Xiaojun Zhou,Kexin Qiu,Wei Feng,Huimin Mo,Minqi Wang,Jinwu Wang,Chuanglong He

Mineralized scaffolds, which are fabricated by electrodeposition, mimic the chemistry of natural bone and have attracted a great amount of attention due to their rapid and simple production. In this study, mineralized electrospun polylactic acid (PLLA) nanofibrous membranes containing different amounts of strontium (Sr) were fabricated by an electrodeposition method for potential use in bone regeneration applications. In vitro assays, including cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) grown on these membranes and in vivo cranial bone defect repair assays, were carried out. It was found that mineral crystals could be uniformly deposited onto the electrospun nanofibrous membranes, while the morphologies of the formed crystals were affected by the amount of Sr . By analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the formed crystalline phase was dramatically affected by the incorporation of Sr, which drove a conversion from the hydroxyapatite (HA) phase to the dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) phase. The release of Sr 2+ from the Sr/PLLA nanofibrous membranes was monitored over 20 d, and the release rates of Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− from the Sr-incorporated samples were higher compared with those of the mineralized sample without Sr. In vitro cell proliferation experiments demonstrated that mineralized Sr/PLLA nanofibrous membranes could facilitate BMSC proliferation. Furthermore, the mineralized Sr/PLLA nanofibrous membranes induced a higher degree of osteogenic differentiation in the BMSCs compared with those of pure PLLA and mineralized PLLA, as determined by the results of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red (AR) and osteocalcin (OCN) staining and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. More importantly, in vivo cranial defect experiments revealed that mineralized Sr/PLLA nanofibrous membranes promoted bone regeneration. These findings indicated that mineralized Sr/PLLA nanofibrous membranes are a promising material for bone tissue engineering.

CAS / MDL: 9004-61-9
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ACS Omega · 2019 · IF 2.584

Enhanced Rheological Properties of PLLA with a Purpose-Designed PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA Triblock Copolymer and the Application in the Film Blowing Process to Acquire Biodegradable PLLA Films

Yuanping Jiang,Cong Yan,Dawei Shi,Zhengying Liu,Mingbo Yang

The inadequate rheological properties limit the film blowing process of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA), thus hindering its potential application in environmentally friendly packaging films and mulch films. Herein, biodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) and d-lactide were used to synthesize three kinds of poly-d-lactic acid (PDLA)-b-PEG-b-PDLA (DPD) triblock copolymers, and their effects on stereocomplex (sc) structure formation and rheological properties of the composites were studied. The results showed that the poly l-lactic acid (PLLA)/DPD4k sample introduced the highest sc content, storage modulus, and complex viscosity value compared with PLLA/DPD2k and PLLA/DPD10k at the same loading condition, indicating that the PEG4k chains can better accelerate the formation of a sc network between DPD4k and the PLLA matrix. The introduction of 10 wt % DPD4k also resulted in about 38 times longer relaxation time and a strain-hardening behavior during the steady biaxial extension of PLLA. At last, the continuous film blowing process was successfully conducted in the PLLA/DPD4k composites, which acquired a stable blow-up ratio of 3.07. On the basis of the above results, the soft chain-grafted PDLA copolymer may provide a novel method for film blowing of biodegradable PLA.

CAS / MDL: 25322-68-3 9002-93-1
研究领域: 材料科学 · 高分子化学 · 环境科学
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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine · 2024 · IF 3.8

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-incorporated PLLA porous microspheres for cartilage regeneration

Chang Gao,Wenlong Yuan,Dongcheng Wang,Xin Zhang,Tong Zhang,Zhimin Zhou

Background In facial plastic surgery, patients with nasal deformity are often treated by rib cartilage transplantation. In recent years, cartilage tissue engineering has developed as an alternative to complex surgery for patients with minor nasal defects via injection of nasal filler material. In this study, we prepared an injectable nasal filler material containing poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) porous microspheres (PMs), hyaluronic acid (HA) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). Methods We seeded ADMSCs into as-prepared PLLA PMs using our newly invented centrifugation perfusion technique. Then, HA was mixed with ADMSC-incorporated PLLA PMs to form a hydrophilic and injectable cell delivery system (ADMSC-incorporated PMH). Results We evaluated the biocompatibility of PMH in vitro and in vivo. PMH has good injectability and provides a favorable environment for the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ADMSCs. In vivo experiments, we observed that PMH has good biocompatibility and cartilage regeneration ability. Conclusion In this study, a injectable cell delivery system was successfully constructed. We believe that PMH has potential application in cartilage tissue engineering, especially in nasal cartilage regeneration.

CAS / MDL: 1066-33-7
研究领域: 组织工程 · 生物医用材料 · 再生医学 · 整形外科
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Biomedical Materials · 2025 ·Vol. 20 ·期 2 ·025031 · IF 3.7

A coaxial electrospun PLLA/PPDO/NAR mesh for abdominal wall hernia repair

Yifan Xv,Li Xu,Dandan Wei,Yinghua Tao,Tianzhu Zhang,Zhenling Ji

This study aims to employ poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO), loaded with naringin (NAR) to fabricate a functionalized degradable mesh which can promote abdominal wall hernia (AWH) repair. Three meshes named PPDO, PLLA/PPDO, and PLLA/PPDO/NAR were fabricated by electrospinning. The physical and chemical properties of the meshes were evaluated from the aspects of morphology, wettability, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation. Then, the meshes were implanted into rats to evaluate their repair effects on abdominal wall defect models. The mechanical properties of PLLA/PPDO/NAR mesh were superior to the other two meshes, with a fixed tensile strength of 36.47 ± 2.40 N cm−1 and an elongation at break of 287.98% ± 51.67%, which adequately met the mechanical strength required for the human abdominal wall. The core–shell structure effectively delayed the degradation of PLLA/PPDO as well as PLLA/PPDO/NAR mesh, and drug release of PLLA/PPDO/NAR mesh. On the 7th, 14th, and 28th day after implantation, more neovascularization and tissue formation were observed in the PLLA/PPDO/NAR group and the newborn collagen was arranged in a regular and neat manner compared to the other two groups. The immunohistochemical results showed that the PLLA/PPDO/NAR mesh promoted abdominal wall repair by inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinase2 as well as interleukin-6, and increasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. The PLLA/PPDO/NAR mesh is promising for application in AWH repair.

CAS / MDL: 920-66-1 67604-48-2
研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 材料科学 · 组织工程
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MATERIALS LETTERS · 2012 · IF 2.307

Preparation and characterization of PLLA/nHA nonwoven mats via laser melt electrospinning

Xiuyan Li,Huichao Liu,Jiaona Wang,Congju Li

Laser melt electrospinning is a novel technology to fabricate tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds, and this solvent-free process is far safer than common solution electrospinning. In this paper, the electrospun poly(L-lactide)/nano-hydroxyapatite (PLLA/nHA) composite fiber scaffolds were prepared by this method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the fibers with diameters ranging from 4 to 7   μm were obtained, and the nHA particles were well-dispersed in the PLLA fibers matrix. The energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results demonstrated the existence of nHA in the PLLA fibers. With the modification of incorporating HA nanocrystalline particles, the hydrophilicity of the electrospun PLLA/nHA mats surface can be improved.

CAS / MDL: 1306-06-5 12167-74-7
研究领域: 生物材料学 · 医学工程
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE · 2017 ·Vol. 134 ·期 16 · IF 1.86

Crystallization behavior, heat resistance, and mechanical performances of PLLA/myo-inositol blends

Hui Shi,Xuan Chen,Wenkai Chen,Sujuan Pang,Lisha Pan,Nai Xu,Tan Li

In this work, use of myo -inositol as a biobased nucleating agent (NA) for PLLA was researched. Effects of myo -inositol on non-isothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors of PLLA at temperatures ranged from 85 °C to 130 °C were studied by using DSC, POM and WAXD. Isothermal crystallization kinetics results showed that the incorporation of myo -inositol enhanced significantly the crystallization rate of the PLLA samples. It was confirmed that the optimum isothermal crystallization temperature range was 100 to 110 °C. The above results were instructive to confirm proper heat treatment time and temperature for compression or injection molding to fabricate highly crystallized PLLA articles. The relations among heat treatment time, crystallinity, heat resistance, and mechanical performances of the neat PLLA and PLLA/1% myo -inositol specimens prepared by compression molding were investigated. Compared with the PLLA specimens, the PLLA/1% myo -inositol specimens showed a shorter heat treatment time to reach the maximum crystallinity. Vicat softening temperature, as well as tensile strength, modulus, and toughness of the PLLA/1% myo -inositol specimens was improved when crystallinity increased from 5.4% to 38.1%. Considering the nontoxicity and biocompatibility of myo -inositol, PLLA/ myo -inositol blends would be potential to prepare some products, which are required higher health standard and can be used in elevated temperature environments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44732.

CAS / MDL: 87-89-8
研究领域: 材料科学 · 高分子化学
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE · 2022 ·Vol. 40 ·期 3 ·299-309 · IF 3.815

Cellulose Nanocrystals-mediated Phase Morphology of PLLA/TPU Blends for 3D Printing

Wu Xiao,Liu Yun-Xiao,Wu Hai-Peng,Wu Hao,Wang Hai-Jun,Duan Yong-Xin,Zhang Jian-Ming

Incorporation of nanoparticles into polymer blend to obtain finely dispersed morphology has been considered as an effective strategy to prepare nanocomposites. Owing to the renewable and degradable characters, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been proposed to tailor the phase morphology of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) blend for producing high-performance fused deposition modeling (FDM) consumables. However, the main challenge associated with the ternary systems is the dispersion of the highly hydrophilic CNCs in non-polar PLLA blend by industrial melt blending without involving solution. Herein, with poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) modified CNCs powder (a mixture of PVAc grafted from CNCs and PVAc homopolymer latex), the selective dispersion of CNCs in PLLA has been achieved by simple melt processing of PLLA/TPU (polyether polyurethane)/CNCs blend. This results in the ultra-fine TPU droplets at nanoscale in PLLA and improves the melt processibility of composites in FDM due to the decreased viscosity ratio of the dispersed/matrix and the enhanced melt elasticity of PLLA. Combined with the intensive shear and continuous stretch effect during FDM, aligned TPU nanofibers (TNFs) were in situ formed along the elongational flow direction during deposition, which in turn contributed to the improvement of PLLA/TPU/CNCs with 5 wt% filler loading in tensile ductility by 418%, inter-layer adhesion strength and notched impact toughness by 261% and 210%, respectively, as well as achieved good dimensional accuracy and very fine surface quality.

CAS / MDL: 16774-21-3 108-05-4
研究领域: 材料科学 · 高分子化学 · 纳米技术
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE · 2022 · IF 7.392

3D-printed CuFe2O4-MXene/PLLA antibacterial tracheal scaffold against implantation-associated infection

Guowen Qian,Lemin Zhang,Yang Shuai,Xiongting Wu,Zhikui Zeng,Shuping Peng,Cijun Shuai

There is an increasingly growing demand for rapid and safe sterilization strategies to overcome implantation-associated infection. Herein, a NIR light-triggered antimicrobial heterojunction of CuFe 2 O 4 -MXene was constructed by in-situ growing CuFe 2 O 4 on Ti 3 C 2 MXene , then was homogeneously incorporated into poly (L-lactic acid) and fabricated into tracheal scaffold by selective laser technology. The tracheal scaffolds with the heterojunction not only generated hyperthermia and exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) under NIR light irradiation , but also depleted glutathione (GSH) in bacteria and produce endogenous ROS via Fenton(−like) reaction, thus achieving strong and persistent antibacterial cascade effect. They killed 96.49% of S. aureus and 95.33% of P. aeruginosa after NIR light irradiating for 15 min. Moreover, the tracheal scaffold with the heterojunction had excellent cytocompatibility and chondrogenic-promoting ability. This work designed the tracheal scaffold with effective antibacterial ability and cartilage regeneration function, which will bring a new dawn for the patients with tracheal injury.

研究领域: 生物材料 · 组织工程 · 抗菌技术 · 生物医学工程
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Materials Today Communications · 2023 · IF 3.8

PLLA-COI multilayer nanofiber membrane for anti-adhesion of the Achilles tendon

Xin Qu,Xinyu Sang,Yarong Lv,Ce Wang,Ping Hu,Quanyi Guo,Yong Liu

Peritendinous Adhesion is a complication after surgery for Achilles tendon injury. This complication can be treated with surgical stents. Anti-adhesion membrane is an effective scaffold material to prevent adhesion. However, currently available PLA anti-adhesion membranes have the problems of poor anti-adhesion performance and low healing effect on the Achilles tendon. In this study, combined the advantages of L-polylactic acid (PLLA) hydrophobicity and Collagen type I (COI) hydrophilicity, a PLLA-COI multilayer nanofiber membrane composed of a multilayer structure was prepared by solution electrospinning and characterized its morphology, physical, mechanical, and in vitro properties. The membrane has a structure characteristic of gradually decreasing fiber diameter, increasing porosity and increasing hydrophilicity from the outer to the inner layer. The cell experiment results show that the PLLA-COI multilayer nanofiber membrane has good cell compatibility. We also carried out in vivo research with the rabbit Achilles tendon adhesion model. The results indicate that the membrane has an excellent anti-adhesion effect and strong hydrophilicity, effectively promoting Achilles tendon injury recovery and preventing adhesion. In addition, this membrane does not require sutures for surgery, effectively reducing the complexity of use, with great potential in preventing peritendinous adhesion.

CAS / MDL: 920-66-1
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ACS Applied Bio Materials · 2025 · IF 4.7

3D-Printed Scaffold Achieves Synergistic Chemo-Sonodynamic Therapy for Tumorous Bone Defect

Cijun Shuai,Zihao Zhang,Min Chen,Bingxin Sun,Xingming Long,Guoyong Wang,Shuping Peng

Various smart scaffolds have recently been developed to address the regeneration of tumor bone defect. However, the recurrence of residual tumor cells poses a serious challenge to postoperative management, highlighting the need for effective therapeutic interventions. In this study, a multifunctional antitumor nanoplatform (Ti3C2/CuO2) for synergistic chemo-sonodynamic tumor therapy was developed and then rationally integrated into a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffold via selective laser sintering. CuO2 not only releases Cu2+ ions to facilitate chemodynamic antitumor therapy through the Fenton reaction but also generates H2O2, which further oxidizes Ti3C2 to produce TiO2 sonosensitizers. More importantly, the carbon-based substrates after oxidation of Ti3C2 have created favorable conditions for carrier transmission in the sonodynamic process, thereby amplifying the sonodynamic therapy. Additionally, moderate local hyperthermia form periodic sonodynamic therapy produces moderate localized heat therapy to further stimulate bone tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, the sustained release of bioactive ions (such as Cu and Ti ions) from the scaffold also fosters vascularization, further accelerating bone regeneration. This work presents a viable approach to developing multifunctional scaffolds for repairing tumorous bone defects.

研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 肿瘤学 · 材料科学
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