CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
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IF 13.3
Ping Li,Mangmang Shen,Haojie Ge,Xinan Jiao,Xin Zhou,Xiang Chen
The phage demonstrates specific recognition towards its host bacteria, while the gold nanoparticle (GNP) exhibits a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and emits visible fluorescence with dark-field microscope (DFM). Therefore, phage modified with multiple GNPs (phage@GNPs) targeting bacteria enables the visualization of targets under DFM. However, a universal strategy for constructing a stable phage nanoprobe suitable for clinical detection remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a GNP-functionalized phage (phage@GNPs) by displaying an AVI-tag at the N-terminal region of the major capsid protein in S55 (a Salmonella phage). The S55 displaying AVI-tag exhibits equivalent infectivity towards various serotypes of Salmonella as the native S55 and can be further biotinylated through a reaction between lysine residues on the AVI-tag and COOH groups on D-biotin mediated. Consequently, biotinylated S55 was mixed with streptavidin functionalized GNPs to generate the S55@GNPs due to the strong interaction between biotin and streptavidin. Analysis results showed that the obtained S55@GNPs maintained native affinity to host bacteria and better monodispersity and stability than the other four modification and assembly methods for constructing phage@GNPs. Furthermore, the results of simulated and clinical Salmonella samples demonstrated that AVI-tag mediated S55@GNPs probes possess a qPCR-like sensitivity with a detection limit of 1 CFU/μL. Notably, the remarkable AVI-tag mediated phage@GNPs DFM strategy covers an extensive detection range spanning from 1 to 50,000 CFU/μL. Additionally, we employed the AVI-tag mediated assemble of phage@GNPs for phages of Vibrio and Klebsiella . The results showed similar data as S55 for illuminating host cells, suggesting that AVI-tag mediated phage@GNPs assembly is a universal strategy applicable to phage of any other bacteria for illuminating their respective host bacterial under DFM.
研究领域:
纳米技术
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微生物学
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细菌学
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生物医学工程
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PHYTOMEDICINE
·
2021
·
IF 5.34
Xiaohui Wang,Lu Wang,Renchao Dong,Kai Huang,Changyuan Wang,Jiangning Gu,Haifeng Luo,Kexin Liu,Jingjing Wu,Huijun Sun,Qiang Meng
Background Chemical liver injury is one of the main causes of acute liver failure and death. To date, however, treatment strategies for acute liver injury have been limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic targets and effective drugs. NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a complex of multiple proteins that has been shown to induce cell death under inflammatory and stress pathologic conditions and is thought to provide new targets for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether luteolin has a protective effect on the liver and further elucidate whether it is realized through the thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP)-NLRP3 axis. Study design Acute hepatic injury in mice caused by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was treated with or without luteolin. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice and mouse primary hepatocytes were selected. TXNIP protein knockdown was achieved by siRNA , qPCR and Western blot were performed to explore the mechanism of luteolin in alleviating acute liver injury. Results The results indicated that luteolin had a markedly protective effect on acute liver injury induced by LPS in mice by inhibiting the TXNIP-NLRP3 axis. Luteolin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by suppressing TXNIP, apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 to reduce liver injury. In addition, luteolin inhibits LPS-induced liver inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammation-related gene tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-6. What's more, luteolin alleviated LPS-induced hepatocyte injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating MDA , SOD , and GSH levels. However, the protective effect of luteolin on acute LPS-induced liver injury in mice was blocked by si-TXNIP in vitro . Conclusions These combined data showed that luteolin may alleviate LPS-induced liver injury through the TXNIP-NLPR3 axis, providing new therapeutic targets and therapeutic drugs for subsequent studies.
研究领域:
药理学
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免疫学
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肝病学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications
·
2021
·
IF 7.328
Ling Zhu,Jiajie Chen,Xuan Mao,Shunqing Tang
Injectable hydrogels, of which the cover area and volume can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape and depth of the wound, are considered to be an ideal material for wound dressing. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a natural polysaccharide with immunomodulatory capability, while γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a single chain polyamino acid with moisturizing, water-retention and antibacterial properties. This work intended to combine the advantages of the two materials to prepare an injectable hydrogel (P-OK) by mixing the adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) modified γ-PGA with oxidized KGM. The chemical structures, the physical and chemical properties, and the biological properties of the P-OK hydrogel were evaluated. The optimal conditions to form the P-OK hydrogel were fixed, and the cytotoxicity, qPCR, antibacterial and animal experiments were performed. Results showed that the P-OK hydrogel had a fast gelation time, good water-retention rate, little cytotoxicity, good immunomodulating and antibacterial capabilities, and could shorten the healing period in the rat full-thickness defect model, which makes it a potential candidate for wound repair dressing.
研究领域:
生物材料
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伤口愈合
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生物医学工程
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药剂学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 3.143
Jiadong Chen,Lian Kang,Junke Wang,Yuhao Wu,Lindong Han,Xiangqin Zheng,Yuexin Wei,Tianxin Zhao,Lianju Shen,Chunlan Long,Guanghui Wei,Shengde Wu
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an environmental endocrine disruptor that accumulates in organisms in various ways and induces male reproductive system disorders. In this study, we established a testicular injury model by gavage with different concentrations of DEHP. The testes were then collected for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and the results were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified by experiments. Our research results show that different concentrations of DEHP interfere with testicular development differently. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) generated sixteen modules and identified the turquoise module as key. Then, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), filamin A (Flna) and Furin were identified as hub genes. qPCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed that all three hub genes were upregulated. We detected the locations of these genes by immunohistochemistry. ESR1 was mainly located in Leydig cells; Flna immunostaining is observed in the Leydig and some germ cells and Furin staining was seen in almost all types of testicular cells. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed enrichment mainly in MAPK signaling pathways, p53 signaling pathways, HIF-1 signaling pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, apoptosis, the cell cycle, RNA degradation, etc. This is the first study using WGCNA to investigate the mechanism of DEHP-induced injury in the prepubertal testis, providing new research angles to further understand the mechanism of DEHP-induced injury in the prepubertal testis.
研究领域:
毒理学
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生殖生物学
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分子生物学
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生物信息学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
·
2023
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IF 3.8
Yuxiao Qian,Yuqian Jiang,Hongrong Hong,Xinxin Gao,Wei Liu,Meiyi Chen,Qinqin Jin,Zha Jin,Xin Li,Xiaocen Wang,Jianhua Li,Quan Liu,Xichen Zhang,Nan Zhang,Zhengkai Wei
Pigeons are natural intermediate host of Neospora caninum ( N. caninum ). In comparison to ruminants, N. caninum causes milder clinical symptoms and less financial loss to pigeons. Natural infectious rates and high prevalence of N. caninum in pigeons, and death cases of N. caninum- infected pigeons under experimental conditions have been reported, but the detailed pathological characteristics and congenital immunological responses of pigeons-infected with N. caninum remain not well described. In this study, pigeons were infected intraperitoneally with 10 7 N. caninum tachyzoites . N. caninum in tissues was detected by qPCR. Pathological changes of tissues were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Blood smears were prepared for counting eosinophils changes in blood. Heterophil extracellular traps (HETs) in vivo and in vitro were quantified by Pico Green. N. caninum- induced HETs structures were observed by immunofluorescence staining. The model of pigeons-infected with N. caninum was successfully established. Lung and duodenum were the main target organs of pigeons-infected with N. caninum . N. caninum caused hemorrhage, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver, pulmonary congestion and hemorrhage, organizational destruction in lung, and shorter villi or even disappear in duodenum. N. caninum also increased the number of eosinophils in blood of pigeons. Moreover, N. caninum -induced HETs release in the congenital immunological system of pigeons were first demonstrated, and the HETs structures were consisted of DNA as the skeleton and modified with citH3 and elastase . N. caninum -induced HETs release was related with NADPH oxidase , TLR 2 and 4, ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways , and glycolysis. In summary, it is the first report on the detailed pathological characteristics and congenital immunological responses of pigeons-infected with N. caninum , which may provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Neosporosis in pigeons.
研究领域:
兽医学
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免疫学
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病理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS
·
2023
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IF 3.4
Xueqiang Sun,Fuxin Li,Lingyan Yuan,Zhitong Bing,Xun Li,Kehu Yang
Resveratrol (Res) is known for its potential in treating various types of cancers, with a particular advantage of causing minimal toxic side effects. However, its clinical application is constrained by challenges such as poor bioavailability, low water solubility, and chemical instability in neutral and alkaline environments. In light of these limitations, we have developed a pH-responsive drug delivery nanoplatform, Res@ZIF-8/TA NPs, which exhibits good biocompatibility and shows promise for in vitro cancer therapy. Benefiting from the mild reaction conditions provided by zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a “one-pot method” was used for drug synthesis and loading, resulting in a satisfactory loading capacity. Notably, Res@ZIF-8/TA NPs respond to acidic environments, leading to an improved drug release profile with a controlled release effect. Our cell-based experiments indicated that tannic acid (TA) modification enhances the biocompatibility of ZIFs. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di- phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT assay), Hoechst 33342/PI staining, cell scratch assay, Transwell and Reverse Transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays further demonstrated that Res@ZIF-8/TA NPs inhibited colon cancer cell migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis of colon cancer cells, suggesting a therapeutic potential and demonstrating anti-cancer properties. In conclusion, the Res@ZIF-8/TA NPs pH-responsive drug delivery systems we developed may offer a promising avenue for cancer therapy. By addressing some of the challenges associated with Res-based treatments, this system could contribute to advancements in cancer therapeutics.
研究领域:
药学
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纳米技术
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癌症研究
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药物递送系统
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生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ISME Journal
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2023
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IF 11
Liu Xiaohan,Li Ping,Wang Helin,Han Li-Li,Yang Kai,Wang Yanhong,Jiang Zhou,Cui Li,Kao Shuh-Ji
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), the conversion of N 2 into bioavailable nitrogen (N), is the main process for replenishing N loss in the biosphere. However, BNF in groundwater systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the activity, abundance, and community composition of diazotrophs in groundwater in the Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia using 15 N tracing methods, reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR), and metagenomic/metatranscriptomic analyses. 15 N 2 tracing incubation of near in situ groundwater (9.5–585.4 nmol N L −1 h −1 ) and N 2 -fixer enrichment and isolates (13.2–1728.4 nmol N g −1 h −1 , as directly verified by single-cell resonance Raman spectroscopy), suggested that BNF is a non-negligible source of N in groundwater in this region. The expression of nifH genes ranged from 3.4 × 10 3 to 1.2 × 10 6 copies L −1 and was tightly correlated with dissolved oxygen (DO), Fe(II), and NH 4 + . Diazotrophs in groundwater were chiefly aerobes or facultative anaerobes, dominated by Stutzerimonas , Pseudomonas , Paraburkholderia , Klebsiella , Rhodopseudomonas , Azoarcus , and additional uncultured populations. Active diazotrophs, which prefer reducing conditions, were more metabolically diverse and potentially associated with nitrification, sulfur/arsenic mobilization, Fe(II) transport, and CH 4 oxidation. Our results highlight the importance of diazotrophs in subsurface geochemical cycles.
研究领域:
环境微生物学
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地球化学
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水文地质学
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微生物生态学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 5.4
Gao-shang Chai,Juan Gong,Jia-jun Wu,Rui-kun Ma,Jun Zhu,Dong-dong Jia,Yu-qi Zhang,Xiao-run Zhai,Hong-xu Sun,Yun juan Nie,Peng Zhao,Yi-liang Xu,Hai tao Yu
Ethnopharmacological relevance Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD) is a classic herbal decoction consisting of Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelica Sinensis Radix (ASR) with a 5:1 wt ratio, which can supplement ‘blood’ and ‘qi’ (vital energy) for the treatment of clinical diseases. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, dementia is induced by Blood deficiency and Qi weakness, which causes a decline in cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of DBD improving cognition deficits in neurodegenerative disease are no clear. Aim of the study This study aims at revealing the underlying mechanisms of DBD plays a protective role in the cognitive deficits and pathology process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Materials and methods The APP/PS1 (Mo/HuAPP695swe/PS1-dE9) double transgenic mice were adopted as an experimental model of AD. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 3 compounds in DBT was analyzed by HPLC. Morris water maze test, Golgi staining and electrophysiology assays were used to evaluate the effects of DBD on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 mice. Western blot , immunofluorescence and Thioflavin S staining were used for the pathological evaluation of AD. Monitoring the level of ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD and MDA to evaluate the mitochondrial function, and with the usage of qPCR and CHIP for the changes of histone post-translational modification. Results In the current study, we found that DBD could effectively attenuate memory impairments and enhance long-term potentiation (LTP) with concurrent increased expression of memory-associated proteins. DBD markedly decreased Aβ accumulation in APP/PS1 mice by decreasing the phosphorylation of APP at the Thr668 level but not APP, PS1 or BACE1 . Further studies demonstrated that DBD restored mitochondrial biogenesis deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the restored mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive deficits are under HADC2-mediated histone H4 lysine 12 (H4K12) acetylation at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor type 2B (GluN2B) promoters. Conclusions These findings reveal that DBD could ameliorate mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive deficits by improving H4K12 acetylation. DBD might be a promising complementary drug candidate for AD treatment.
研究领域:
药理学
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神经科学
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中医
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Pharmacology
·
2021
·
IF 5.811
Bian Zhenhua,Zhang Wenming,Tang Jingyue,Fei Qianqian,Hu Minmin,Chen Xiaowei,Su Lianlin,Fei Chenghao,Ji De,Mao Chunqin,Tong Huangjin,Yuan Xiaohang,Lu Tulin
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms and related bioactive components of ZSS for the treatment of insomnia.Method: The insomnia model of rat induced by PCPA was established. After oral administration of ZSS extract, the general morphological observation, pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test and histopathological evaluation were carried out. Network pharmacology, assisted by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS analysis, was developed to identify the targets of ZSS in the treatment of insomnia, as well as the corresponding signaling pathways. In addition, we validated the identified targets and pathways by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis.Results: The pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test, determination of 5-HT and GABA levles in hypothalamic tissues and HE staining showed that ZSS extract was an effective treatment for insomnia. Network pharmacology analysis identified a total of 19 candidate bioactive ingredients in ZSS extract, along with 433 potentially related targets. Next, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI), MCODE clustering analysis, GO functional enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and ingredient-target-pathway (I-T-P) sub-networks analysis. These methods allowed us to investigate the synergistic therapeutic effects of crucial pathways, including the serotonergic and GABAergic synapse pathways. Our analyses revealed that palmitic acid, coclaurine, jujuboside A, N-nornuciferine, caaverine, magnoflorine, jujuboside B, and betulinic acid, all played key roles in the regulation of these crucial pathways. Finally, we used the PCPA-induced insomnia in rats to validate the data generated by network pharmacology; these in vivo experiments clearly showed that pathways associated with the serotonergic and GABAergic system were activated in the rats model. Furthermore, ZSS treatment significantly suppressed high levels of HTR1A, GABRA1, and GABRG2 expression in the hypothalamus and reduced the expression levels of HTR2A.Conclusion: Based on the combination of comprehensive network pharmacology and in vivo experiments, we successfully identified the potential pharmacological mechanisms underlying the action of ZSS in the treatment of insomnia. The results provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of ZSS, and also provide support for the development of innovative drugs for the treatment of insomnia.
研究领域:
药理学
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神经科学
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中医药
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Stem Cell Research & Therapy
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-16
·
IF 8.079
Cui XiaoLing,Wang XiaoTan,Wen Jie,Li Xiao,Li Nan,Hao XuXiao,Zhao BaoXiang,Wu Xunwei,Miao JunYing
Background Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) have the potential to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells (VECs), but their differentiation rate is low and the mechanism involved is not clear. The small molecule pathway controls the phenotype of fibroblasts by activating cellular signaling pathways, which is a more convenient method in the differentiation strategy of HDFs into VECs. Methods In this study, HDFs were treated with the different doses of CPP ((E)-4-(4-(4-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonyl) piperazin-1-yl) styryl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide), and the mRNA and protein levels of HDFs were detected by qPCR, Western blot, flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining. The matrigel assays, acetylated-LDL uptake and angiogenesis assays of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and hindlimb ischemia model of nude mice were performed to evaluate the functions of VECs derived from HDFs. Results Here, we report that the small chemical molecule, CPP, can effectively induce HDFs to differentiate into VECs. First, we observed the morphological changes of HDFS treated with CPP. Flow cytometry, Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses showed that CPP effectively decreased the level of the HDFs-marker Vimentin and increased levels of the VEC-markers CD31, CD133, TEK, ERG, vWF, KDR and CDH5. Detection of the percentage of CD31-positive cells by immunofluorescent staining confirmed that CPP can effectively induce HDFs to differentiate into VECs. The results of Matrigel assays, DiI-ac-LDL uptake, angiogenesis assays on CAM and hindlimb ischemia model of nude mice showed that CPP-induced HDFs have the functions of VECs in vitro and in vivo. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis showed that CPP induces HDFs to differentiate into VECs by promoting the expression of pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, FGF-2 and PDGF-BB). Conclusions Our data suggest that the small chemical molecule CPP efficiently induces the differentiation of HDFs into VECs. Simultaneously, this new inducer provides a potential to develop new approaches to restore vascular function for the treatment of ischemic vascular diseases.
研究领域:
细胞生物学
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分子生物学
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血管生物学
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再生医学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
·
2024
·Vol. 24
·期 1
·1-15
·
IF 3.3
He Yu,Liu Fei,He Mingjuan,Long Fayu,Hu Ding,Chen Jingwen,Fang Miao,Wang Zhenlong
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which resveratrol (Res) inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, laying the groundwork for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP). The TCMSP database was used to find the gene targets for Res. The GeneCards database acquire the gene targets for OP. After discovering the potential target genes, GO, KEGG, and Reactome enrichment analysis were conducted. Verifying the major proteins involved in apoptosis can bind to Res using molecular docking. CCK8 measured the proliferative activity of mouse pre-osteoblasts in every group following Res intervention. Alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP) and alizarin red staining to measure the ability of osteogenic differentiation. RT-qPCR to determine the expression levels of Runx2 and OPG genes for osteogenic differentiation ability of cells. Western blot to measure the degree of apoptosis-related protein activity in each group following Res intervention. The biological processes investigated for GO of Res therapeutic OP involved in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, negative regulation of apoptotic process, Aging, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand, according to potential therapeutic target enrichment study. Apoptosis, FoxO signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway are the primary KEGG signaling pathways. Recactome pathways are primarily engaged in Programmed Cell Death, Apoptosis, Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway, and Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways. This research established a new approach for Res treatment of OP by demonstrating how Res controls the apoptosis-related proteins TNF, IL6, and CASP3 to suppress osteoblast death and increase osteoclastogenesis.
研究领域:
药理学
·
细胞生物学
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分子生物学
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生物信息学
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骨生物学
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网络医学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 3.242
Jinzhao Yu,Xiaoyu Huang,Xuedong Zhou,Qi Han,Wen Zhou,Jingou Liang,Hockin H.K. Xu,Biao Ren,Xian Peng,Michael D. Weir,Mingyun Li,Lei Cheng
Objectives Resin infiltrant is used in early enamel caries. However, commercial resin infiltrant lacks persistent antibacterial activity. Dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) was added to resin infiltrant to give it sustainable antibacterial properties and inhibit demineralization. Methods After the application of resin infiltrant to bovine enamel, cytotoxicity, surface roughness, and aesthetics were assessed. A multi-species biofilm was incubated on the enamel disk before and one month after microbial-aging. After a 48-h anaerobic incubation, biomass accumulation, metabolic activity, and lactic acid were analyzed using a crystal violet assay, an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and a lactic acid assay. Biofilm structure and composition were determined by live/dead staining, exopolysaccharide (EPS) staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The depth and content of demineralization were tested by transverse microradiography (TMR). Results Incorporating DMADDM did not increase the cytotoxicity or change the physical properties when the mass fraction of the DMADDM was 2.5–10 %. The modification decreased the amount of bacterial biofilm, metabolic activity, lactic acid production, EPS, and the proportion of Streptococcus mutans in the biofilms. It also provided anti-demineralization effects. The surface roughness and antibacterial ability were not changed after one month of microbial-aging. Conclusion The incorporation of DMADDM improved the antibacterial and anti-demineralization effects of the material. It demonstrated a sustained antibacterial effect. Clinical significance The antibacterial modification might be a potential choice for future clinical applications to inhibit early enamel caries.
研究领域:
牙科材料
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口腔微生物学
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龋齿预防
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）