JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2018
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IF 4.513
Zhiming Sun,Ankang Song,Bin Wang,Gaofeng Wang,Shuilin Zheng
Organo-rectorites (ORts) modified with different quaternary ammonium salts were prepared to remove polar mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and weak polar, hydrophobic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZER). The structural and surface properties of the prepared ORts were studied. The intercalation of organic cationic surfactants expanded the interlayer of rectorite and increased the hydrophobicity . In vitro adsorption experiments were carried out to simulate the in vivo conditions of gastrointestinal tract of animals by a batch mode. The prepared ORts showed super enhanced adsorption capacities towards AFB 1 and ZER compared with raw rectorite, indicating the effectiveness of the prepared ORts as mycotoxins adsorbents. The ORts modified with longer chain surfactant molecules possessed a higher adsorption capacity towards mycotoxins. In addition, with increasing the modifier dosage, the adsorption capacity increased first and then decreased. The best adsorption capacity was achieved when the dosage of the modifier increased to 2.0CEC. The adsorption of both AFB 1 and ZER onto ORts could be well described by Langmuir model. In the binary-contaminant system, the existence of AFB 1 would bring negative effect to the adsorption of ZER. On the other hand, the adsorption of ZER was in favor of the adsorption of AFB 1 molecules. The solution pH had negligible influence on the adsorption process of ORts both in single system and binary system, indicating no desorption occurred when the adsorbents pass through from stomach to intestine as animal feed. This study demonstrates that the received ORts could be a promising adsorbent for detoxication of different mycotoxins in real application.
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY
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2017
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IF 1.392
Kai Hao,Steven Suryoprabowo,Shanshan Song,Liqiang Liu,Hua Kuang
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by fungal species which are widespread in nature and commonly contaminate many cereal grains, such as wheat, maize, corn, barley, and other cereal grains. An immunochromatographic (ICA) test strip was developed for the rapid simultaneous detection of ZEN and its metabolite in corn flour samples. For the ICA test, antigen (ZEN-BSA) and goat anti-mouse IgG were, respectively, drawn on nitrocellulose membrane as control line and test line. Under the optimized condition, the cut-off limits of test strips for ZEN, α-ZAL, and β-ZAL were found to be 0.5 ng/mL in 0.01 M PBS and 50 ng/mL in corn flour samples, meanwhile α-ZOL, β-ZOL, and ZEA were found to be 1 ng/mL in 0.01 M PBS and 75 ng/mL in corn flour samples. Our data indicate that the ICA is sensitive, rapid, cost-effective, and specific on-site screening for ZEN and its metabolite.
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Journal of Advanced Research
·
2024
·
IF 11.4
Mengjie Liu,Junxia Feng,Yongqin Fan,Xudong Yang,Ruike Chen,Cui Xu,Hangbo Xu,Dongjie Cui,Ruixue Wang,Zhen Jiao,Ruonan Ma
Introduction Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most widely contaminated mycotoxins in world, posing a severe threat to human and animal health. Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) holds great penitential in mycotoxin degradation. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the degradation efficiency and mechanisms of ACP on ZEN as well as the cytotoxicity of ZEN degradation products by ACP. Additionally, this study also investigated the degradation efficiency of ACP on ZEN in cereals and its effect on cereal quality. Methods The degradation efficiency and products of ZEN by ACP was analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The human normal liver cells and mice were employed to assess the cytotoxicity of ZEN degradation products. The ZEN artificially contaminated cereals were used to evaluate the feasibility of ACP detoxification in cereals. Results The results showed that the degradation rate of ZEN was 96.18 % after 30-W ACP treatment for 180 s. The degradation rate was dependent on the discharge power, and treatment time and distance. Four major ZEN degradation products were produced after ACP treatment due to the oxidative destruction of C C double bond, namely C 18 H 22 O 7 ( m / z = 351.19), C 18 H 22 O 8 ( m / z = 367.14), C 18 H 22 O 6 ( m / z = 335.14), and C 17 H 20 O 6 ( m / z = 321.19). L02 cell viability was increased from 52.4 % to 99.76 % with ACP treatment time ranging from 0 to 180 s. Mice results showed significant recovery of body weight and depth of colonic crypts as well as mitigation of glomerular and liver damage. Additionally, ACP removed up to 50.55 % and 58.07 % of ZEN from wheat and corn. Conclusions This study demonstrates that ACP could efficiently degrade ZEN in cereals and its cytotoxicity was significantly reduced. Therefore, ACP is a promising effective method for ZEN detoxification in cereals to ensure human and animal health. Future study needs to develop large-scale ACP device with high degradation efficiency.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2014
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IF 3.107
Jianzhi Liu,Yongjun Hu,Guichi Zhu,Xiaoming Zhou,Li Jia,Tao Zhang
Accurate and quantitative analysis of mycotoxin (such as zearalenone) is particularly imperative in the field of food safety and animal husbandry. Here, we develop a sensitive and specific method for zearalenone detection using competitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassay. In this assay, a functional gold nanoparticle was labeled with the Raman reporter and the zearalenone antibody, and a modified substrate was assembled with the zearalenone–bovine serum albumin. With the addition of free zearalenone, the competitive immune reaction between free zearalenone and zearalenone–bovine serum albumin was initiated for binding with zearalenone antibody labeled on gold nanoparticle, resulting in the change of SERS signal intensity. The proposed method exhibits high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1 pg/mL and a wide dynamic range from 1 to 1000 pg/mL. Furthermore, this method can be further applied to analyze the multiple natural feed samples contaminated with zearalenone, holding great potential for real sample detection.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
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IF 9.8
Jian Song,Hai-Long Qian,Shu-Ting Xu,Cheng Yang,Xiu-Ping Yan
Selective and sensitive determination of zearalenone (ZEN) in food matrices is crucial for risk assessment and mycotoxin control due to its high toxicity. Herein, we introduce a boron affinity molecularly imprinted covalent organic framework (BA-MICOF) for selective extraction of ZEN from cereal. The Povarov reaction was employed for one-pot synthesis of boric acid incorporated COF (BA-COF) to avoid complex post-modification. BA-COF was then used to prepare BA-MICOF via a boron affinity imprinting strategy. The specific interaction between ZEN and BA-MICOF, involving hydrogen bonding and boron affinity, endows BA-MICOF with superior selectivity (imprinting factor of 10.8). Subsequently, a BA-MICOF based solid-phase extraction method was developed for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of ZEN. The method gave a low detection limit (0.26 μg kg −1 ), good recovery (89.3 %–106 %), and precision (RSD 1.8 %–5.4 %). The combination of boron affinity imprinting and porous frameworks presents a promising approach for selective capture of contaminants in food matrices.
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Frontiers in Microbiology
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2018
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IF 4.019
Tian Ye,Tan Yanglan,Yan Zheng,Liao Yucai,Chen Jie,De Boevre Marthe,De Saeger Sarah,Wu Aibo
Fungi belonging to Fusarium genus can infect crops in the field and cause subsequent mycotoxin contamination, which leads to yield and quality losses of agricultural commodities. The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) produced by several Fusarium species (such as F. graminearum and F. culmorum) is a commonly-detected contaminant in foodstuffs, posing a tremendous risk to food safety. Thus, different strategies have been studied to manage toxigenic pathogens and mycotoxin contamination. In recent years, biological control of toxigenic fungi is emerging as an environment-friendly strategy, while Trichoderma is a fungal genus with great antagonistic potentials for controlling mycotoxin producing pathogens. The primary objective of this study was to explore the potentials of selected Trichoderma isolates on ZEN-producing F. graminearum, and the second aim was to investigate the metabolic activity of different Trichoderma isolates on ZEN. Three tested Trichoderma isolates were proved to be potential candidates for control of ZEN producers. In addition, we reported the capacity of Trichoderma to convert ZEN into its reduced and sulfated forms for the first time, and provided evidences that the tested Trichoderma could not detoxify ZEN via glycosylation. This provides more insight in the interaction between ZEN-producing fungi and Trichoderma isolates.
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Foods
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2023
·Vol. 12
·期 6
·1129
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IF 5.2
Zhe Zheng,Liyang Niu,Wencheng Yang,Yi Chen,Yousheng Huang,Chang Li
In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma was used to degrade zearalenone, and the degradation efficiency and the quality of maize were evaluated. The results showed that the zearalenone degradation rates increased with the increase in voltage and time. When it was treated at 50 KV for 120 s, the degradation percentage of the zearalenone in maize could reach 56.57%. The kinetics’ analysis showed that the degradation followed a first-order reaction. The crude fiber of the maize reduced after the cold plasma treatment. In addition, cold plasma treatment did not significantly change the crude protein content, but slightly changed the fatty acid and color. The changes in maize quality are generally acceptable. DBD cold plasma may be a promising approach to reducing zearalenone in maize.Keywords:cold plasma;zearalenone;degradation;maize;quality;food safety
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
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2026
·Vol. 193
·期 9
·635
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IF 5.4
Wang Yu,Zhang Shumin,Shi Jiale,Wang Yuetong,Mao Yexuan,Dang Meng,Huang Xianqing,Song Lianjun,Zhang Xiya,Bu Tong
A novel fluorescent lateral flow assay (FLFA) based on a zirconium-based metal aggregation-induced emission luminogen framework (Zr-MAF) is reported for the highly sensitive detection of zearalenone (ZEN) in cereals. A carambola-like Zr-MAF with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 36.9% was synthesized via a hydrothermal method using Zr 4+ and 1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl) ethylene (TCPE). The prepared Zr-MAF-labeled monoclonal antibody probe exhibited intense luminescence, robust stability, and high affinity toward ZEN, collectively contributing to a significant enhancement in detection sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, the Zr-MAF-FLFA achieved an ultralow detection limit (IC 10 = 0.014 ng/mL) and a sensitivity (IC 50 ) of 0.046 ng/mL, representing a 2.6-fold improvement over traditional gold nanoparticles-based FLFA. Notably, the assay exhibited significant cross-reactivity only with the ZEN homologues α-ZAL, β-ZAL, and β-ZOL, which shared similar electrostatic potentials and substantial 2D molecular similarities with ZEN. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied to real food matrices, including flour, glutinous rice, sweet corn, and glutinous corn, yielding satisfactory recoveries ranging from 85.37% to 106.42%. With detection limits in these food samples (0.68-0.78 µg/kg) falling well below national regulatory limits, this work provides a robust analytical platform for trace mycotoxin monitoring in food safety. Graphical abstract
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 6.7
Fang-Nan Wu,Jie-Ru Liu,Yuan-Yang Qing,Zhen-Xin Sun,Zhen Tian,Chen Chen,Ke-Xin Liu,Shuai Lin,Qiang Hong,Yi-Jun Fan,Yuan-Hua Chen
Zearalenone (ZEA) contaminates various food crops and water systems worldwide. We investigate whether gestational ZEA exposure disrupts the placental barrier and elucidates its underlying mechanisms. This study employed a mouse model and human trophoblast cells. We found that ZEA accumulated in mouse placental tissue. Compared with the well-defined tight junctions observed in controls, ZEA disrupted placental barrier integrity. Consistent with the morphological disruption, ZEA significantly downregulated the expression of placental barrier proteins. Furthermore, ZEA elevated fetal glucocorticoid levels by suppressing placental 11β-HSD2 protein expression and enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, ZEA inhibited placental protein synthesis via integrated stress response (ISR) activation. ISR inhibition attenuated ZEA-induced disruption of the placental barrier and downregulation of barrier proteins, and ameliorated adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our results suggest that ZEA causes placental barrier disruption and adverse pregnancy outcomes through triggering ISR. These mechanistic insights into ZEA’s developmental toxicity may guide protective strategies for human and animal health.
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Analytical Methods
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2021
·Vol. 13
·期 35
·3970-3977
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IF 2.896
Yunjie Sun,Shanshan Song,Aihong Wu,Liqiang Liu,Hua Kuang,Chuanlai Xu
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a kind of estrogen-like mycotoxin which contaminates primary crops and their products under natural conditions and becomes a serious hazard to human health. In this study, we prepared a sensitive and specific anti-ZEN monoclonal antibody (mAb) belonging to the IgG2b subclass, with a 50%-inhibitory concentration of 0.034 ng mL−1. A lateral flow fluorescence microsphere immunochromatographic test strip (FM-ICTS) for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of zearalenone in corn and wheat samples was developed based on this mAb. After optimizing experimental parameters, the visual limit of detection (LOD) of the strip assay in both corn and wheat samples was 2.5 ng mL−1, and the cut-off value was 25 ng mL−1. The LOD was calculated to be 0.68 ng mL−1 in corn samples and 0.48 ng mL−1 in wheat samples. Recovery experiments showed that the test results of the strip were consistent with those of ic-ELISA. As a result, this FM-ICTS assay is reliable, simple and sensitive, and can be used for rapid detection of ZEN in corn and wheat.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
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2020
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IF 3.594
Huige Wang,Juan He,Lixin Song,Yunxia Zhang,Minghua Xu,Zhipeng Huang,Linbo Jin,Xin Ba,Yuanyuan Li,Liqin You,Shusheng Zhang
The halloysite nanotubes surface molecularly imprinted polymers (HNTs-SMIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization, using halloysite nanotubes as the carrier material, coumarin-3-carboxylic acid and pentadecanolide as dummy templates of zearalenone, methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker. Then, the HNTs-SMIPs were treated with etching technique to obtain halloysite nanotubes hollow molecularly imprinted polymers (HNTs-HMIPs). HNTs-SMIPs and HNTs-HMIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption capacity of HNTs-HMIPs was compared with HNTs-SMIPs. The developed HNTs-HMIPs were applied as absorbents for solid phase extraction. A new method was established by combining with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector for the detection of zearalenone. The method was developed with a recovery of 77.13–102.4% and a relative standard deviation of less than 5.59%. The limit of detection of oats and wheat were 1.67 μg kg −1 and 0.5 μg kg −1 , respectively. The performance of self-made solid phase extraction column was compared with immune affinity column. The developed method has been successfully applied to the detection of zearalenone in complex grain matrices.
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Analytical Methods
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 37
·4946-4953
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IF 3.1
Xianglin Liao,Yimin Liu,Liyu Qiu,Lu Cao,Xixiang Yang,Xiaogang Hu
As an estrogenic mycotoxin found in a wide range of agricultural crops, the toxicity of zearalenone (ZEN) poses a serious risk to human health. Accordingly, to achieve rapid detection of zearalenone in complex samples, an aptamer fluorescence sensor based on magnetic graphene oxide was developed. Compared with traditional methods, this technique has the virtues of simple operation, low cost, and reliable performance. Magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was synthesized as a fluorescent bursting agent, using a chemical precipitation approach by depositing Fe3O4 on the surface of graphene oxide. As a fluorescent probe, an aptamer coupling with CdTe quantum dots and zearalenone was used. Following the specific binding of zearalenone and the aptamer, the affinity interaction between the fluorescent probe and MGO was weakened, resulting in the recovery of fluorescence and making the qualitative and quantitative analysis of zearalenone available via fluorescence intensity determination. The results indicated that the method's linear range was 5–120 μg L−1 and its detection limit was 2.9 μg L−1. In addition, the recoveries varied from 76.4 to 118.8% for crop samples, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.8 and 9.5%, which suggests an effective method for the separation and detection of mycotoxins in actual environmental samples.
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