Food Bioscience
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2025
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IF 5.9
Xiaona Gao,Xinke Gao,Tengteng Wang,Rentai Song,Yanshen Li,Nada K. Alharbi,Ashwag Shami,Fahad Al-Asmari,Fakhria A. Al-Joufi,Yulin Zhu
Foods in our daily life are susceptible to contaminate by L. monocytogenes due to its high stress resistance and wide distribution, which poses great risks to food safety. Carvacrol is the natural compound that has been recognized as the safe additives and can be utilized safely by food industry. The current study aimed to study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of carvacrol against L. monocytogenes . The results showed that carvacrol treatment resulted in disruption of cell integrity of L. monocytogenes , further led to leakage of intracellular substances. In addition, carvacrol treatment inhibited the activity of topoisomerase and β-galactosidase, which in turn affected the gene duplication and energy utilization of L. monocytogenes . Based on transcriptome analysis, it was found that 126 differential expression genes (DEGs) were existed between carvacrol treated groups and control groups, which were highly enriched in transmembrane transporter activity and transporter activity. In addition, those DEGs were enriched in 4 metabolic pathways with obvious enrichment including phosphotransferase system, starch and sucrose metabolism, quorum sensing, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism. Finally, carvacrol treatment can inhibit the secretion or activity of hemolysin in L. monocytogenes , which was consistent with the result in transcriptome analysis. In conclusion, carvacrol could be a potential antimicrobial substance to inhibit the contamination of L. monocytogenes in foods.
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高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Peiyun Li,Xiaochen Chen,Tariq Aziz,Ashwag Shami,Fahad Al-Asmari,Fakhria A. Al-Joufi,Haiying Cui
The virulence factors including biofilm and virulence proteins in Listeria monocytogenes ( L. monocytogenes ) threatens human health. Herein, the inhibitory mechanisms of carvacrol (CAR) on the biofilm formation and virulence production in L. monocytogenes were explored. It was found the minimum biofilm inhibition concentration of CAR was 0.8 mg/mL. CAR could effectively inhibit bacterial biofilm formation by reduction of extracellular polymeric substance, including extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. CAR could interfere with the bacterial swarming and swimming motilities, thereby hindering biofilm development. Hemolytic capability of Listeriolysin O was significantly decreased from 85.75 % to 28.13 % after treatment with CAR at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Transcriptomic analysis revealed exposure to 1/2 MIC of CAR resulted in 969 differentially expressed genes, with downregulation of virulence factor-related genes. CAR might bind to AgrB within the quorum sensing system, thereby affecting the biofilm formation regulation and virulence expression. In addition, CAR exhibited efficient inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation on different food contacting materials and vegetable surfaces. These findings provided new insights into biofilm-inhibition and virulence-reduction mechanisms of CAR on L. monocytogenes, suggesting potential applications in controlling L. monocytogenes biofilm contamination in food industries.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品安全
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分子生物学
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高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 6.6
Xun Huang,Yingmei Wu,Chengqi Li,Shugang Li,Xin Li,Yu He,Yingqun Wu,Qun Huang,Fang Geng,Xiefei Li
Based on the limited bactericidal effect of lysozyme (LYZ) alone against Salmonella , this study significantly enhanced the bactericidal activity of LYZ by adding carvacrol (Car). Plate counting, growth curve analysis, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the LYZ-Car combination significantly inhibited bacterial growth and caused severe morphological damage. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the combined treatment increased outer membrane permeability by approximately 1.6-fold and elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by 1.9-fold. Furthermore, ATPase activity and ATP content were markedly suppressed, showing reductions of 1.5-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, indicating severe disruption of energy metabolism. Metabolomics analysis identified 129 significantly altered metabolites and revealed profound disturbances in 16 key metabolic pathways, with amino acid metabolism and the TCA cycle being the most severely affected. These quantitative results confirm that the LYZ-Car combination effectively inhibits and eradicates Salmonella , offering a promising strategy for enhancing food safety.
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高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
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IF 9.8
Mei Li,Qi Guo,Zhangtong Sun,Yunhui Wang,Zixuan Wang,Sining Du,Henglin Qi,Zhifan Ji,Xubo Zhao
Carvacrol (CAR) is a naturally occurring bioactive compound that is chemically unstable, and microencapsulation technology effectively protects its active components. Casein (CS) and chitosan (CH) were used for the first time as carriers to encapsulate CAR, forming highly stable carvacrol microcapsules (CAR@CS-CH). Under conditions of a 1:1 mass ratio of CS to CH and a pH of 5.5, electrostatic interactions facilitated the formation of aggregates that served as the microcapsule wall to encapsulate CAR. The encapsulation efficiency of CAR@CS-CH was 82.98 ± 0.11 %. Ultrasound enhanced the hydrogen bonding between CAR and the microcapsule wall, reducing the average particle size of CAR@CS-CH to 4.70 μm. The endothermic peak temperature increased from 118.88 °C to 135.50 °C. and after ultrasound treatment, CAR@CS-CH demonstrated high thermal stability at 70 °C. The findings provided technical support for the development of heat-resistant functional foods and highlighted the potential for efficient carvacrol utilization.
研究领域:
食品科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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生物技术
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药学
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PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Xun Huang,Xiefei Li,Shugang Li,Yifeng Ding,Xin Li,Yujie Huang,Qun Huang,Fang Geng,Yingmei Wu
The modification of proteins by bioactive molecules may have a synergistic enhancement effect on their respective functional properties. In this study, carvacrol (Car) was used to modify egg white lysozyme (LYZ) to improve its bacteriostatic ability. The results of microbiological experiments suggested that LYZ modified with Car had enhanced bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). The results of Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–VIS) absorption spectra expressed that Car and LYZ form a complex. Molecular docking of 100 compounds found that Car mostly acts in the hydrophobic cavity of LYZ. Molecular docking data confirmed the dominant role of van der Waals forces in the energy contribution of the LYZ-Car system, and molecular dynamics simulations showed that Car is relatively stable in the hydrophobic pocket of LYZ. Various types of spectral show that Car influences the tertiary and secondary structures of LYZ. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) experiments found that the binding constant between Car and LYZ is 1.53 × 10 −6 M. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments demonstrate that this Car reduces the thermal stability of LYZ. The research findings contribute to the development and utilization of LYZ.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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微生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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2024
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IF 3.3
Xiaogang Wang,Donglan Luo,Xiaohong Kou,Shenjie Ye,Jiangkuo Li,Liangjie Ba,Sen Cao
BACKGROUND Postharvest mango fruit are highly susceptible to rapid ripening, softening and senescence, greatly limiting their distribution. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of carvacrol (0.06 g L −1 ) on mango (25 ± 1 °C) and the mechanisms by which it regulates antioxidant activity, energy and cell wall metabolism. RESULTS The results showed that carvacrol treatment delayed the ‘Guifei’ mango color transformation (from green to yellow) and the decrease in firmness, titratable acidity, weight loss and soluble solids content, and suppressed the increase in relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content and reactive oxygen species (H 2 O 2 and O 2 ·– ) as well as enhancing antioxidant activity. In addition, carvacrol treatment increased ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione levels, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities in mango. Meanwhile, energy level (adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate and energy charge) content and energy metabolizing enzyme activities (H + -ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase, succinate dehydrogenasepears and cytochrome C oxidase) were increased on carvacrol treatment, which resulted in the maintenance of higher energy levels. Finally, the application of carvacrol was effective in maintaining firmness and cell wall components by inhibiting the activities of polygalacturonase, cellulase, pectin methyl esterase and β -galactosidase. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates that carvacrol effectively delays the ripening and softening of mangoes by modulating energy metabolism and cell wall dynamics through the attenuation of oxidative stress. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
植物生理学
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食品科学
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园艺学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
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2019
·Vol. 9
·期 8
·1162
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IF 4.034
Junbo He,Shuangshuang Huang,Xiaotao Sun,Lijuan Han,Chao Chang,Weinong Zhang,Qixin Zhong
To develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with stable lipid matrix structures for the delivery of bioactive compounds, a new class of SLNs was studied using propylene glycol monopalmitate (PGMP) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS) mixtures and carvacrol as a model lipophilic antimicrobial. Stable SLNs were fabricated at PGMP:GMS mass ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, and the carvacrol loading was up to 30% of lipids with >98% encapsulation efficiency and absence of visual instability. Fluorescence spectra and release profiles indicated the carvacrol was successfully encapsulated and homogeneously distributed within the SLNs. SLNs fabricated with equal masses of PGMP and GMS had better stability of carvacrol during storage and higher sphericity than those with a ratio of 2:1 and were much more effective than free carvacrol againstEscherichia coliO157:H7 andStaphylococcus aureus. These findings demonstrated the potential applications of the studied SLNs in delivering lipophilic bioactive compounds in food and other products.Keywords:solid lipid nanoparticles;carvacrol;propylene glycol monopalmitate;synergistic antimicrobial activity
研究领域:
食品科学
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纳米技术
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微生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
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2022
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IF 5.911
Haiying Cui,Jingyu Lu,Changzhu Li,Marwan M.A. Rashed,Lin Lin
Bacillus cereus ( B. cereus ) is a recognized foodborne pathogen widely distributed in various protein-rich foods , which is a huge challenge to food safety. Herein, a novel enzyme-responsive nanomaterial based on cationic starch (CSt) nanofibers loaded with carvacrol@casein nanoparticles (CL@CSNPs) was constructed (CL@CS/CSt nanofiber) to prevent the contamination of B. cereus in soybean products. Considering the excellent antibacterial activity of carvacrol (CL) against B. cereus , CL@CSNPs were prepared by electrostatic adsorption and hydrophobic interaction and characterized by SEM and FTIR .CL@CS/CSt nanofibers with better performance were determined by comparing the physical properties of the electrospinning solution and the prepared nanofiber. Nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technology and analyzed by SEM and AFM to investigate the size and structural morphology of fibers. FTIR analyses were done to confirm the successful embedding of CL@CSNPs in CSt nanofibers. Subsequently, the controlled release of CL was verified by GC–MS and disc diffusion method. The application experiment results indicated that the treatment based on CL@CS/CSt nanofibers reduced the B. cereus in soy products by 2 log CFU/g, which reflected a significant antibacterial activity. In addition, CL@CS/CSt nanofibers could also prevent texture and chroma changes under refrigeration and maintain the sensory quality of soy products. Thus, CL@CS/CSt nanofibers appear to have great potential in controlling the contamination of soybean products by B. cereus while maintaining the physical quality.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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材料科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Food Chemistry-X
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2025
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IF 8.2
Liu Yang,Xue Ding,Rui Xiao,Xinyu Zhang,Zhipeng Jiang,Wenwen Chen,Shengyu Xu,Hongyuan Zhang
Active intelligent packaging often suffers from insufficient indicator sensitivity and limited antibacterial duration. To overcome these limitations, the system incorporates Aronia melanocarpa anthocyanins (AMA) copigmented by phenolic acid, carvacrol (CL) encapsulated by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and integrates these components into potato starch (PS) to produce a multifunctional film with enhanced indicator sensitivity and sustained release properties. The results revealed that ferulic acid (FA) provided notable stabilizing effect on AMA, maintaining ΔE < 1 after two cycles of acid-base alternation. The incorporation of HP-β-CD allowed for efficient encapsulation of CL through hydrogen bonding, achieving sustained release over 96 h. The incorporation of FA-AMA and CL@HP-β-CD system improved the roughness, UV-blocking, and antioxidant performance of the film. Additionally, the film extended shrimp shelf life by 12 h, with a visible transition from pink to blue upon spoilage. This research offers a novel approach to the advancement of active intelligent packaging.
研究领域:
食品科学与技术
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活性包装
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材料科学
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功能薄膜
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食品保鲜
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PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 10.4
Hanbin Chen,Jie Shi,Junjie Tang,Jianxi Zhang,Ziyang Wu,Cailing Tong,Jie Pang
Novel dual sustained-release film with antioxidant/antibacterial synergy. • PACS grafting enables persistent antioxidant activity. • CV@ZIF-8 nanoparticles provide prolonged antibacterial release. • Enhanced barrier, mechanical and UV-shielding properties. • Effectively preserves strawberry quality and extends shelf life. Few bio-based active packaging films simultaneously achieve sustained antioxidant and antibacterial functions, making a dual sustained-release system highly desirable. To extend postharvest fruit shelf life, this study developed an active packaging film based on konjac glucomannan (KGM). A dual-release antioxidant and antibacterial system was constructed by introducing proanthocyanidin-grafted chitosan (PACS) and carvacrol-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles (CV@ZIF-8). The resulting KPCZ-3 film exhibited a tensile strength of 34.36 MPa, a water vapor permeability of 2.72 g·mm·m −2 ·day −1 ·kPa, and an oxygen permeability of 1.27 × 10 −3 g·s −1 ·m −2 . In strawberry preservation tests at 25 °C, the film synergistically delayed quality deterioration and maintained optimal sensory and nutritional quality for over 4 days. In addition, the film showed good biodegradability and biocompatibility. These results indicate that KGM/PACS/CV@ZIF-8 films, as novel degradable active packaging, have promising application prospects. Download: Download high-res image (159KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
Heliyon
·
2023
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IF 4
Yumeng Liu,Luo Weng,Ying Lin,Daijie Lin,Linsheng Xie,Tian Zhong
Preservation and microorganism control of fresh-cut fruit pose a persistent challenge in the food industry. To address this issue, we prepared a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex containing carvacrol using a coprecipitation method and employed it for the non-contact fumigation of fresh-cut Shatangju mandarin slices. This biodegradable and safe preservative offers an effective means to combat spoilage and ensure product quality. We confirmed the formation of the encapsulated structure of the inclusion complex through various characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). We also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of this preservative on Penicillium digitatum and its associated spoilage both in vitro and in vivo . The incidence and severity were significant lower in the inclusion complex-treated group (75.0% and 46.7%, respectively) compared to the group treated with pure carvacrol (100% and 69.2%, respectively). In addition, fruit freshness parameters and sensory evaluation showed that the inclusion complex treatment effectively maintained the overall quality of the fruit and achieved the highest consumer acceptance.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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2025
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IF 3.1
Huifang Liu,Jianmei Yao,Rongxiu Yin,Chiyu Ma,Lulu Li,Wen Yang,Zhiwei Lei
Introduction: Tea gray blight disease is a major leaf disease in tea plants, significantly reducing tea quality and yield. Plants are rich in bioactive compounds that are safe, non-toxic, and biodegradable. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activities and mechanisms of 11 plant extracts against N. ellipsospora.Methods: This study evaluated the antifungal activity of 11 plant extracts against N. ellipsospora of tea gray blight disease and systematically examined the impacts of osthole and carvacrol on the mycelial morphology, mycelial weight, cell microstructure, membrane permeability, various biochemical substrate levels and related gene expression levels of N. ellipsospora.Results: The results showed that carvacrol and osthole exhibited significant antifungal effects among 11 plant extracts with EC50 values of 24.40 and 9.38 mg/L, respectively. Further research demonstrated that carvacrol and osthole significantly inhibited mycelial growth, reduced lesion areas on tea leaves, and markedly affected mycelial morphology and ultrastructure. Observations of mycelial morphology and ultrastructure revealed that carvacrol and osthole caused shrinkage and distortion of the mycelial surface, damage to cell wall and membrane, and disorganization of cellular organelles. Particularly carvacrol and osthole significantly increased chitinase activity, inhibited β-1,3-glucanase activity, and regulated the expression of genes encoding these enzymes.Discussion: The findings indicated that carvacrol and osthole could inhibit the growth of N. ellipsospora by disrupting the integrity of the cell wall and membrane and interfere with energy metabolism. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel plant-based fungicides.
研究领域:
植物学
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微生物学
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生物化学
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农业科学
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）