ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2022
·
IF 4.855
Yue Yao,Baolong Wang,Feng Zhao,Zhen Hu,Yudong Huang
The extensive use of unsaturated polyester resins and their composites has resulted in an increasingly aggravating problem of waste materials which are difficult to remold or degrade endowed by their highly crosslinked network. A simple and facile recovery method to fully degrade resins remains challenging so far. Here, a hindered C–O bond with a carbonyl group in the β-position of steric ester was introduced into the design and preparation of a dimethacrylate monomer and its self-polymerized unsaturated polyester resin. The obtained resin with good thermal, mechanical, and solvent-resistance properties could be efficiently degraded within 3.5 h at 90 °C at an 80% concentration of aqueous hydrazine hydrate. Selective cleavage of the hindered bond due to steric and electronic effects was activated by the prior addition of the introduced carbonyl group. Degradation products rich in benzene and carboxyl/carboxylate groups respectively could be separated readily according to the water solubility, being expected to be reused as a flocculant and other functional additives. This work provides a promising strategy for the facile recycling of unsaturated polyester resins.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Tianle Xu,Xinran Ju,Hui Tang,Wenli Xiang
Fir wood was modified using epoxy soybean oil, diethylene glycol, and maleic anhydride as raw materials to enhance its mechanical properties, thermal stability, and water resistance. Diethylene glycol first opens the epoxy ring of the soybean oil and then reacts with maleic anhydride to produce an esterification reaction. The product modifies the fir wood through a chemical impregnation method. A systematic evaluation of the modified wood’s weight gain ratio, density, mechanical properties, thermal stability, water resistance, and microstructural changes was conducted. The results show that the compressive strength increased from 38.1 to 94.9 MPa, the water absorption rate decreased from 158.03 to 6.93%, and the thermal stability was also enhanced. This study provides a simple, low-cost, and green method for improving the comprehensive performance of fast-growing fir wood, offering new insights for achieving sustainable development and green chemical engineering.
研究领域:
木材科学
·
绿色化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Materials
·
2024
·Vol. 17
·期 3
·761
·
IF 3.1
Yanli Dou,Aixun Ju,Zheng Zhong,Yutong Huo,Weiguo Yao
Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with excellent flame retardant is mainly obtained by adding large amounts of flame retardants, usually at the expense of mechanical properties. In this work, a reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen (DOPO-N) was successfully synthesized and incorporated in UPR as a crosslinker. The mechanical and flame-retardant properties of UPR composites were enhanced. UPR/30DOPO-N passed a UL-94 V-1 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.8%. The tensile strength of UPR/30DOPO-N increased by 24.4%. On this basis, a small amount of modified HNTs (VHNTs) was added to further improve the flame-retardant properties of the composite. With the introduction of 3 wt% VHNTs, the composite passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of it decreased by 60.7% and 48.3%, respectively. Moreover, the detailed flame-retarding mechanism of DOPO-N and VHNTs was investigated by thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR), Raman spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that DOPO-N played a role in quenching the flame in the gas phase and cooperated with VHNTs to enhance the barrier effect in the condensed phase.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2026
·
IF 4.3
Shaozhi Wang,Yuli Liu,Chunhui Duan,Weihua Meng,Jixing Xie,Jianzhong Xu
Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is a long-chain, hydrocarbon-rich thermoset that is intrinsically highly flammable, which severely limits its engineering applications. Herein, NiCo-layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) nanosheets were covalently grafted onto halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) via an in situ substitution route that employed ZIF-67 as a sacrificial bridging agent, yielding a hierarchical HNTs@NiCo-LDH hybrid. Upon incorporation into UPR, the hybrid formed a dense metal oxide shield during combustion that suppressed the release of combustible volatiles and attenuated radiative heat feedback, thereby imparting superior flame retardancy. Cone calorimetry revealed that 6 wt % HNTs@NiCo-LDH (UPR-H@L) reduced the peak heat release rate by 37.0% and the peak smoke production rate by 23.9% relative to neat UPR. Transition-metal-catalyzed charring generated a compact, continuous carbonaceous barrier that further inhibited mass and energy transfer. Simultaneously, the tensile and impact strengths of UPR-H@L increased, demonstrating a synergistic reinforcement effect. This work establishes a facile physical-barrier/chemical-catalytic strategy for simultaneously enhancing the fire safety and mechanical performance of UPR composites.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2012
·Vol. 2
·期 16
·6504-6508
·
IF 0
Xingpeng Chen,Kai Li,Shijun Zheng,Qiang Fang
A new type of unsaturated polyester resins (UP) with low dielectric constant (κ) and high thermostability was prepared by doping N-phenylmaleimides containing perfluoroalkyl substituents (–CF3 and –C6F13) into a commercial unsaturated polyester resin. In comparison with neat UP resin, the doped UP resins showed decreased dielectric constant and increased char yields. The best result was obtained when the substituent was –CF3, which gave a dielectric constant of 3.63 and 5 wt%, loss temperature of 336 °C with a char yield of 5.57% under N2. Such data are superior to those of neat UP resin, which showed dielectric constants of 4.38 and 5 wt%, a loss temperature of 327 °C with a char yield of 2.25% . In this contribution, a new environmentally-friendly procedure for the synthesis of the fluoro-containing maleimides was also provided, in which a Brønsted acidic room temperature ionic liquid was employed as a catalyst and the products were obtained through merely decanting and removal of the solvent.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料化学
·
介电材料
·
热分析
·
绿色化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2020
·Vol. 32
·期 4
·1604-1614
·
IF 2.578
Gang Zhang,Dongdong Song,Su Ma,Yanlin Wang,Xiaotian Xie,Yanmao Dong
Currently, the issue of improving the flame-retardant performance of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) has drawn a lot of attention. In this study, methyl vinyl di (1-thio-2,6,7-trioxal-1-phosphabicyclo [2.2] octane-4-methoxy) silane (MVDOS) with P-N-Si-based cage unit was synthesized, and it was utilized as a reactive flame-retardant monomer to modify UPR. The UPR/MVDOS composites were prepared by introducing different ratios of MVDOS into UPR via the reaction of crosslink. The efficiency of the resulted composites was investigated by using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The results showed that the composites reached the V-0 rate without dripping, and the LOI value was 29.1% when the content of MVDOS was as low as 18 wt%. Cone calorimeter tests revealed the peak of heat release and CO production of UPR/MVDOS-18 were 238.2 KW/m 2 and 0.0167 g/s, which were respectively lower than the ones of neat UPR. The introduction of MVDOS also increased the stability of UPR composites. Furthermore, the scattering electron microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed that the incorporation of MVDOS stimulated the UPR matrix to generate char layer with increased graphitization degree, which provided a good barrier to prevent heat and oxygen from being transferred and then protected the materials inside from further burning. This research provides a new way to obtain flame-retardant UPR composites with high performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 3.413
Zhiquan Chen,Mengwei Jiang,Zhongwei Chen,Tingting Chen,Yuan Yu,Juncheng Jiang
To obtain a novel multifunctional flame retardant material, Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) was used as the capsule material to microencapsulate diatomite/ammonium polyphosphate (Dia/APP). The novel multifunctional material Dia-APP-TPP could effectively improve the flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). The desired structure of Dia-APP-TPP was clearly observed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The combustion behavior, thermal property and mechanical performance of UPR/Dia-APP-TPP composites were also investigated. Incorporation of Dia-APP-TPP into UPR greatly enhanced the flame retardancy and thermal stability of the composites. Remarkably, with 20 wt% of Dia-APP-TPP, UPR-2 successfully achieved UL-94 V-0 rating and the LOI value increased from 19.2% to 26.6%. Besides, the CCT test showed that the THR value of UPR-2 decreased by 33.9% compared with that of pure UPR. The results of this study also confirmed that a novel and feasible strategy can be used to obtain a microencapsulation flame retardant.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2022
·
IF 4.966
Xiaoling Fan,Fei Xin,Wenchao Zhang,Haoyu Liu
A novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 was synthesized by covalent bonding between HCCP and UiO-66-NH 2 , and applied in unsaturated polyester (UPR). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron energy spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the chemical structure of PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 . The appearance of new P-N-C bond indicated that HCCP was successfully reacted with UiO-66-NH 2 . The thermal stability and the flame-retardant properties of the UPR composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of UPR composite with 4 wt% PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 can reach 23.9%. Compared with pure UPR, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) value, total heat release (THR) value and average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) value of UPR composite with 4 wt% PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 dropped by 36.53%, 28.70%, 23.50%, respectively. The addition of PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 slightly improved the impact performance of UPR composite. PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 can solve UiO-66-NH 2 's agglomeration dilemma in UPR to some extent.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
阻燃性能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 9.879
Baolong Wang,Yibo Shen,Fei Lu,Ningdi Xu,Yingying Liu,Da Li,Jun Li,Yudong Huang,Zhen Hu
Heterogeneous catalysis has been shown to effectively degrade organic pollution. However, it is challenging to degrade the thermosetting unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) because the contact mode between heterogeneous catalyst and resin leads to an inefficient degradation. Meanwhile, the inevitable degradation products also cause the generation of waste chemicals. Herein, the efficient degradation and closed-loop recovery strategy of UPR composite were carried out by enhancing the contact areas through bridging heterogeneous catalyst and resin. Based on hydrolysis reaction , the controllable decomposition of crosslinking UPR was utilized to yield carboxyl-rich and hydroxy-rich copolymers , forming a porous structure . With the induction of tertiary butanol ( t BuOH), a heterogeneous bimetallic Co–Fe Prussian blue analogue catalyst was thus immobilized onto the hydrolyzed resin due to the hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals force, which confirmed by experiment and theoretical calculation. The catalyst subsequently activated H 2 O 2 to generate radicals that could effectively degrade resin by triggering strong chemical bond cleavage . It was optimized that more than 90% UPR was decomposed at 100 °C below. Notably, the remarkable nondestructive recovery process of woven carbon fiber (CF) from composite was well demonstrated. The recycled CF and its reinforced composite exhibited more than 90% strength retention to the virgins. Besides, the degradation products were employed into waterborne coating with superior properties. This work provides an efficient and feasible catalytic strategy for closed-loop recovery of UPR composite.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
催化化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 8
Ruixiang Wang,Hongliang Zhang,Longfei Yang,Kongfa Zhu
The waterproof adhesive layer (WAL) is a critical structure that effects the service life of bridge deck pavement. However, ordinary asphalt-based WAL materials commonly suffer from significant degradation of bond strength at high temperatures, leading to functional failure. To address this issue, this paper developed a novel WAL material by compositely modifying asphalt with nano-silica (NS) and unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the composite modification effects of NS/UPR and the performance of composite modified asphalt as a WAL material was conducted through a series of experimental tests. The results indicated that the optimal mass ratio for the NS/UPR composite modified asphalt was coupling agent: NS: UPR: initiator: asphalt: compatibilizer = 3:3:100:4:282:4. The incorporation of NS promoted the uniform dispersion of UPR within the asphalt matrix, enhancing the toughness and high-temperature stability of the modified asphalt while mitigating the adverse impact of UPR on low-temperature cracking resistance. In terms of adhesion performance, the pull-off strength of the NS/UPR composite modified asphalt was 1.59 and 1.48 times that of the matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt, respectively. Durability tests further confirmed its superior weather resistance and ability to endure a greater number of load cycles. Overall, the novel WAL material developed in this paper demonstrated excellent adhesion performance at elevated temperatures together with favorable comprehensive properties, which expanding the potential applications of UPR in road engineering.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
·
2018
·
IF 2.189
Lihong He,Hao Wang,Fan Yang,Hongzhou Zhu
In this study, a series of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)/graphene nanoplates (GNPs) form-stable PCMs (FS-PCMs) were prepared via a simple melt blending method. In this composite, PEG was used as the phase change material for thermal storage, UPR was introduced as a supporting material to prevent the leakage of melted PEG during the phase change transition and the GNPs were selected as conductive fillers to enhance the thermal conductivity of the polymer-based FS-PCMs. The test results demonstrate that the FS-PCMs exhibit an outstanding form-stable performance because of the cross-linked spatial network of UPR. According to the FT-IR and XRD results, no new chemical bonds form among PEG, UPR and the GNPs. The results obtained from TGA and DSC show that the composites possess an excellent thermal stability and a high energy storage density. Moreover, it is also found that the incorporation of GNPs remarkably enhances the thermal conductivity of the prepared FS-PCMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
·
复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 61
·期 7
·542-552
·
IF 3.046
Jianan ShangGuan,Yanglei Zheng,Junyi Jiang,Yong Li,Haoran Sun,Shuangfei Xiang,Shujun Zhao,Feiya Fu,Xiangdong Liu
Styrene has been widely used as a reactive diluent for a variety of commercial unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs), but suffered from high volatility. In this work, we developed a bio-based reactive diluent, 4-vinylguaiacol glycidyl ether (DE4VG), via an epoxidation of 4-vinylguaiacol (4VG). Excellent miscibility and high reactivity of DE4VG were demonstrated by a series of copolymerization tests with an unsaturated polyester prepolymer (named PMSD) synthesized from maleic anhydride, 1,3-dihydroxypropane and succinic acid. While, significant advantages in terms of viscosity and volatility were confirmed. Additionally, DE4VG provides both vinyl and epoxide groups and the epoxide groups were cured using 4,4-diamino diphenylmethane (DDM) to participate the network formation of the cured PMSD/DE4VG/TBPB/DDM resin, resulting in high glass transition temperature ( T g , 195°C), residual carbon (45.5%), tensile strength (41.75 MPa), and the elongation at break (4.5%), which were all significantly surpassed the cured PMSD/St/TBPB, PMSD/St/TBPB/DDM, PMSD/DE4VG/TBPB resin. This work provided a successful demonstration to replace styrene with a bio-based reactive diluent in UPR preparation, not only overcame the high volatility of styrene, but also enhanced material performances of the cured resin. Graphical
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）