CATALYSIS LETTERS
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2026
·Vol. 156
·期 10
·275
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IF 2.5
Hu Zhoulin,Li Jianwei,Zhang Chuanqi,Guo Wenzhi,Dai Bin,Zhang Chuancai
This study prepared and evaluated hollow spherical (B-Al 2 O 3 ) and needle-like (N-Al 2 O 3 ) alumina catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor for the transesterification of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) with ethanol (EtOH) to produce diethyl oxalate (DEO), using commercial alumina (C-Al 2 O 3 ) as a reference. Experimental results indicated that catalytic activity followed the order B-Al 2 O 3 > N-Al 2 O 3 > C-Al 2 O 3 . At 140 °C and a space velocity of 0.2 h –1 , B-Al 2 O 3 achieved a DMO conversion of 100%, with a DEO selectivity of 84.9% and an ethyl methyl oxalate (EMO) selectivity of 15.1%. The superior performance of B‑Al 2 O 3 originated from its largest specific surface area (202.52 m 2 /g), abundant weak acid‑base sites, and high oxygen vacancies that served as Lewis acid sites, providing more accessible active sites and promoting reactant activation. In situ DRIFTS results suggested a possible nucleophilic substitution pathway for the reaction, involving the replacement of CH 3 O − in DMO by C 2 H 5 O− from EtOH to form DEO. Deactivation studies revealed that coke deposition primarily caused catalyst deactivation; however, catalytic activity could be fully restored after regeneration. This study highlighted the morphological advantages of hollow spherical alumina and elucidated its structure–activity relationship, offering a design strategy for developing efficient catalysts for the green synthesis of DEO. Graphical
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Emergent Materials
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2026
·Vol. 9
·期 10
·243
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IF 4
Abdullahi Abbas A.,Saleh Tawfik A.,Yarima Abubakar I.,Garba Mustapha D.,Musa Munirah O.
Heavy metal pollution in industrial effluents continues to be a major obstacle to environmentally friendly water reuse. To effectively remove heavy metal ions from wastewater, a unique Zeolite-NaX-doped polyethylene terephthalate–polysulfone membrane (Zeolite-NaX@PET-PSF) was synthesized and tested for nanofiltration wastewater treatment. The resulting membrane demonstrated remarkable mechanical integrity, maintaining a stable permeate flux of about 16 ± 0.52 L m − 2 h − 1 at an operating pressure of 10 bars without collapsing structurally. Batch and filtration tests demonstrated excellent rejection of lead, chromium, and cadmium ions, with removal efficiency as high as 99%. Cobalt, mercury, and manganese had rejection rates of 55%, 75%, and 64%, respectively, which was due to their difficulty in removal. In all filtering cycles, near-total removal of Cd 2+ , Cr 3+ , and Pb 2+ was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry and surface composition of the treatment membrane using energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The hydrophilic change of the membrane surface and the production of nanoscale porosity were verified by complementary BJH, contact angle, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, and TEM investigations. The Zeolite-NaX@PET-PSF composite membrane is a promising platform for advanced wastewater treatment targeting heavy metal contamination.
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CATALYSIS LETTERS
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2026
·Vol. 156
·期 10
·292
·
IF 2.5
Liu Xi,Wu Wenjian,Wang Ran,Li Rongkang,Li Yafei,Hou Jie,Xiao Fuquan,Zhu Linhua
Heterointerface engineering is a catalyst design strategy based on the symbiotic growth of heterogeneous metal oxides. This strategy endows electronic structures, surface properties, and generation of active centers that are unavailable in the individual oxides. It can even generate entirely new active sites, thereby significantly enhancing catalytic performance. Herein, we prepared MoO 3 @Cu x O with symbiotic MoO 3 and CuO as a catalyst for aerobic catalytic oxidative desulfurization. Notably, after symbiosis, the catalyst exhibits new low-valence Cu + active sites absent in the individual oxides, along with defective interfaces more favorable for catalytic reactions and enhanced surface redox properties. Catalytic testing validates these findings: these new low-valence Cu + active sites enable the activation of superoxide radicals, achieving 100% desulfurization of aromatic sulfur compounds under air atmosphere within 5 h. Through the rational design of symbiotic heterogeneous metal oxides, this study not only highlights the pivotal role of heterointerface engineering in catalytic oxidation but also offers an effective strategy for designing oxidative desulfurization catalysts. Graphical
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Nature Communications
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2026
·
IF 18.1
Zhang Ying,Zhang Tong,Gao Tianyi,Lv Jiangnan,Luo Yutong,Qu Xuelian,Huang Honghao,Wang Fei,Fang Fang,Liu Yang
Ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis via nitrate reduction offers a sustainable energy conversion and mitigates aquatic NO 3 − pollution, yet most catalysts require high overpotentials for appreciable NH 3 yields. Here, we report a sulfur-leaching strategy to transform Cu 1.8 S/Ru heterostructures into a small CuRu-Cu 2 O nanocomposite with abundant heterointerfaces, enabling strong electronic coupling between CuRu and Cu 2 O particles, synergistically enhancing NO 3 – adsorption and reaction kinetics. The optimized catalyst achieves 95.4% NH 3 Faradaic efficiency at a low potential of 0.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, stable over 30 cycles. Operando spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the incorporation of Ru facilitates active hydrogen generation, alleviating the energy barrier for hydrogenation steps at heterointerfaces. The catalyst demonstrates high stability in a membrane electrode assembly at 450 mA cm –2 over 200 h and enables a Zinc-NO 3 – battery operation exceeding 50 h, offering a design model for durable, active nanocomposites in sustainable NH 3 synthesis.
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Nature Synthesis
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2026
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IF 22.6
Guan Siqi,Yu Tong,Tang Pei,Wu Huize,Wei Qian,Piao Nan,Li Lixiang,Zhu Jianqiu,Zhang Linjuan,An Baigang,Niu Yutao,Hu Guangjian,Sun Zhenhua,Wang Chunyang,Cheng Hui-Ming,Li Feng
Co-free Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes hold great promise for cost-effective, high-energy lithium-ion batteries, but their practical application remains limited by sluggish Li + kinetics and rapid capacity fading. Although doping has been widely used to mitigate these issues, conventional trial-and-error dopant selection remains inefficient for guiding rational materials development. Here we move beyond empirical dopant screening by developing a descriptor-informed multi-component dopant selection strategy based on dopant charge density and metal–oxygen bond strength. Low-charge-density dopants reduce electrostatic barriers to Li + migration, while high-bond-energy dopants reinforce the oxygen sublattice and stabilize the metal–oxygen framework. This doping strategy simultaneously accelerates Li + kinetics, suppresses cycling-induced phase transitions and mitigates chemomechanical fatigue, thereby delivering exceptional electrochemical performance in Co-free Ni-rich cathodes. The enhanced apparent Li + transport and structural stability enable an ultrahigh-rate capability of 130.9 mAh g −1 at 25 C and at 25 °C, excellent cycling retention of 82.4% after 350 cycles at 10 C and robust low-temperature operation delivering 112.2 mAh g −1 at 1 C under −20 °C. These findings, transitioning the design principle from empirical or trial-based selection to a targeted selection regime, present a promising route for developing high-performance cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
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Nature Communications
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2026
·
IF 18.1
Li Lei,Hua Minghao,Li Jiafeng,Guo Yun,Nie Yingjian,Zhang Boya,Hui Xiaobin,Zhang Luyuan,Zhang Zhiwei,Wang Rutao,Wang Chengxiang,Yin Longwei
Despite progress on noble-metal high-entropy alloy catalysts, noble-metal-free high-entropy alloy catalysts continue to face limitations in activity and stability. Atomic defect engineering holds promise for unlocking catalytic potential, yet efficient strategies for designing defects to simultaneously tailor electronic structures and enhance catalytic active sites in noble-metal-free high-entropy alloys remain challenging. Here, we report a general rule to drive twin formation via precisely tuning lattice strain in metallic nanomaterials. By modeling twin formation energy as a descriptor and employing a gradient-radius hetero-atomic doping strategy, we derive a generalized lattice strain-twin formation energy function that determines critical strain for twinning propensity. Guided by this principle, Ce is incorporated into CuCoNiMnMo nanoparticles, promoting coherent five-fold twinning along {111} planes. Twin boundaries generate high-activity sites by disrupting atomic symmetry and reducing coordination numbers, while modulating band width via altered orbital overlap. Meanwhile, strong Ce-O affinity forms an amorphous CeO x passivation layer on twinned noble-metal-free high-entropy alloy, triggering hetero-interfacial electron transfer. These effects synergistically optimize reaction kinetics. Consequently, the engineered catalyst achieves a 405-cycle lifespan in lithium–oxygen batteries and operates across −20 to 80 °C. Our study brings fundamental insights into defect engineering for electrocatalysis in energy conversion fields.
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Nature Photonics
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2026
·
IF 38.1
Liu Jiaqi,Liao Mingquan,Liu Xiaoqing,Ma Ning,Li Hong,Wang Wei,Lu Yue,Xu Yinsheng,Luo Guoqiang,Tang Jiang,Xia Mengling,Niu Guangda
Interfacial defects, particularly those of intergranular origin, are a persistent challenge limiting the performance of modern optoelectronic devices. Conventional three-dimensional and low-dimensional (two- or one-dimensional) semiconductors all suffer from surface or edge-related bonding discontinuities that degrade the carrier dynamics and optical efficiency. Here we report on a new semiconductor design strategy based on zero-dimensional structured materials, which inherently lack dangling bonds along all crystallographic directions. By introducing anisotropic chemical bonding within the zero-dimensional framework, we can achieve customizable morphologies—such as rods—without compromising the isotropic and defect-free electronic properties. Using the uranyl-based halide Cs 2 UO 2 Cl 4 as a model, we exploit the bonding disparity between U=O and U–Cl to drive anisotropic crystal growth. When applied to X-ray scintillation imaging, columnar structured Cs 2 UO 2 Cl 4 achieved a high spatial resolution (34 lp mm −1 ). This work introduces a generalizable approach for decoupling material geometry and electronic dimensionality, offering a new platform for high-performance, defect-tolerant semiconductors.
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Nature Microbiology
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2026
·
IF 18.7
Zhang Yue,Zhao Ying,Zhang Lu,Xuan Baoqin,Wang Zhenyu,Yu Bin,Li Weixun,Huang Xiaowen,Zhou Yilu,Ning Lijun,Ding Jinmei,Jiang Yi,Hu Muni,Shao Yuqi,Li Lingxi,Gao Xiang,Chen Shengliang,Chen Haoyan,Wang Fei,Cui Zhe,Fang Jing-Yuan,Hong Jie
Gut dysmotility is a common long-term effect of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) colonization but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, using mouse colonization models, we found that ETBF-secreted B. fragilis toxin (BFT) causes loss of colonic myenteric neurons, which are crucial regulators of intestinal motility. BFT induced apoptosis in these neurons through the NOD1–RIPK2–CASP9–CASP3 pathway, leading to gut dysmotility that persisted even after the clearance of ETBF. Analyses of human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer patient cohorts showed a positive correlation between ETBF and Fusobacterium nucleatum abundance. In mice, F. nucleatum -derived 2-hydroxybutyric acid enhanced BFT production in ETBF by alleviating RprY-mediated suppression and aggravated neurotoxicity and dysmotility. This enteric neuron loss and dysmotility enhanced susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Therapeutically, a Bifidobacterium -based probiotic attenuated neuron toxicity and improved intestinal motility. Our findings reveal bacterial interactions regulating intestinal function and a potential clinical therapeutic approach to preventing outcomes of ETBF colonization.
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Basic and Clinical Andrology
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2026
·Vol. 36
·期 1
·26
·
IF 2.3
Zhou Tao,Zhang Xinyu,Yang Jinghong,Wang Juan
Objective To systematically investigate the molecular mechanisms linking perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to male reproductive health outcomes within a network toxicology framework, and to compare shared pathways across erectile dysfunction (ED), male infertility, and testicular dysfunction. Methods PFOA associated targets were identified using CTD, SwissTargetPrediction, and TargetNet, while disease related genes were collected from GeneCards. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using STRING and analyzed in Cytoscape to identify hub genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to characterize biological processes and pathways affected by PFOA. Molecular docking was used to assess binding affinities between PFOA and key target proteins. In addition, preliminary in vitro experiments were performed to examine the expression patterns of selected candidate genes following PFOA exposure. Results A total of 105 PFOA related genes were identified. Intersection analyses yielded 15, 25, and 42 genes associated with ED, male infertility, and testicular dysfunction, respectively. Ten core genes (AR, ESR1, BCL2, NOS1, NOS2, NOS3, ACE, SIRT1, TLR9, SHBG) were shared across all phenotypes and showed high connectivity in the PPI network. Enrichment analyses indicated involvement in reproductive system development, hormone and nuclear receptor regulation, calcium and nitric oxide (NO) signaling, mitochondrial and redox processes, and apoptosis and inflammation related pathways. Preliminary in vitro experiments further validated the expression changes of selected key genes. Conclusions This study identifies key molecular targets and pathways potentially mediating PFOA associated male reproductive toxicity. The results support a working hypothesis that PFOA associated male reproductive toxicity may involve altered androgen estrogen receptor signaling, NO related pathways, and apoptosis/inflammation associated regulation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for future mechanistic validation and risk assessment.
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NATURE
·
2026
·
IF 56.1
Cui Jun,Wu Peng,Chang Ying,Yu Yi,Gao Zhi,Ge Yejing,Li Bin,Huang Huanwei,Chang Jianmin,Chen Ting
Autoimmune diseases arise from a breakdown of immune tolerance, yet the mechanisms that initiate tissue-specific autoimmunity remain poorly understood 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . Here we identify a two-hit mechanism in which immune dysregulation and physiological neural activation converge to trigger autoimmune alopecia. We show that transient depletion of regulatory T (T reg ) cells during the anagen phase of the hair cycle, but not during telogen, induces CD8 + T-cell-mediated destruction of immune-privileged hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), resulting in hair loss. This anagen-restricted susceptibility depends on sympathetic nerve activity, which is physiologically elevated during anagen: sympathetic denervation prevents disease, whereas psychological stress or optogenetic activation of sympathetic nerves renders otherwise resistant telogen skin susceptible to autoimmune attack after T reg cell depletion. Mechanistically, sympathetic noradrenaline signalling through HFSC-intrinsic ADRB2 promotes physiological reactivation of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in anagen HFSCs. Under conditions of T reg cell depletion, this ERV-associated state drives autoimmune pathology by engaging AIM2-dependent innate immune activation and pathogenic CD8 + T cell responses. Accordingly, genetic ablation of Aim2 or pharmacological inhibition of ERV reverse transcription protects against disease development. Together, these findings show that physiological sympathetic activity establishes a transiently vulnerable epithelial state, whereas T reg cells prevent this state from progressing to tissue-specific autoimmunity. This neuro–epithelial–immune circuit links hair-cycle state to the breach of HFSC immune privilege and the initiation of autoimmune alopecia.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2026
·
IF 4.4
Xu Haiyan,Guan Changjinsui,He Yubin,Mei Ting,Su Zhiping,Ning Liping
The discharge of oily wastewater posed severe threats to ecosystems and human health, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable and cost-effective membrane materials. In this study, a novel superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic BF@GO-SiO 2 membrane was constructed through a three-step process involving the delignification of bamboo powder, the blending of GO-SiO 2 hybrids for roughness enhancement, and subsequent vacuum filtration coupled with Polyethyleneimine (PEI) grafting to precisely modulate the pore structure and surface wettability. The resulting membrane exhibited a highly porous three-dimensional network structure, with surface roughness increasing proportionally to GO-SiO 2 content. Attributing to its cellulose-rich framework and robust hydration layer, the BF@GO-SiO 2 membrane achieved exceptional oil/water separation efficiency of 99.5% at high permeation fluxes of 535.2 L m −2 h −1 . Furthermore, the membrane demonstrated superior separation performance (up to 99.4%) for various oil-in-water emulsions, including surfactant-free and those stabilized by CTAB, Tween 80, and SDS. This outstanding performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of its excellent surface hydrophilicity, capillary forces and 3D water channels. The membrane also exhibited excellent durability, maintaining stable separation efficiency (above 98.0%) after 30 cycles and across a wide pH range. Furthermore, the composite membrane achieved a maximum tensile strength of 23.5 MPa, demonstrating its robust mechanical performance. This work provided a scalable strategy for fabricating high-performance separation membranes, offering significant potential for practical oily wastewater treatment applications. Graphical
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Cell Death & Disease
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2026
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IF 12.2
Liu Jiaxi,Miao Jiyu,Lv Yang,Fu Bingjie,Ren Xiaomin,Wang Naiqi,Xv Xuezhu,Gao Gongzhizi,Lin Zujie,Zhang Wenxiang,Zhao Bide,Shen Ying,Jia Yachun,Zhao Wanhong,Liu Rui,He Aili
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation and frequent therapeutic relapse. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a promising therapeutic vulnerability in cancer. However, the mechanisms governing ferroptosis resistance in MM remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified thioredoxin (TXN), a central redox regulator, as a ferroptosis suppressor associated with poor prognosis in MM patients. Genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of TXN impaired MM progression and enhanced ferroptosis-associated lipid peroxidation. Mechanistically, TXN suppression induced broad remodeling of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids (PUFA-PLs), particularly phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species enriched in ferroptosis-relevant PUFAs, thereby increasing ferroptosis susceptibility. Rescue experiments using a redox-deficient TXN mutant further demonstrated that the ferroptosis-suppressive function of TXN depends on its redox activity. We further identified interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), which is downregulated in MM, as a transcriptional repressor of TXN. IRF1 depletion increased TXN expression and partially attenuated TXN deficiency-induced lipid peroxidation, supporting the functional relevance of the IRF1-TXN axis in ferroptosis regulation. In addition, bortezomib (BTZ)-resistant MM cells exhibited elevated TXN expression and reduced ferroptosis sensitivity. Targeting TXN restored ferroptotic vulnerability and enhanced BTZ sensitivity in MM cells. Collectively, our findings identify TXN as a critical suppressor of ferroptosis-associated phospholipid remodeling and lipid peroxidation in MM and establish the IRF1-TXN axis as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming ferroptosis resistance and improving MM treatment outcomes.
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