APPLIED ENERGY
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2024
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IF 10.1
Jiecheng Zou,Lanxun Zhao,Qiang Hu,Dingding Yao,Haiping Yang
The gasification technology has shown great potential to upcycle plastic waste for clean and high-value fuel. Gasification of disposable plastic masks was investigated in a two-stage pyrolysis-catalytic reforming system, aiming at producing the syngas with flexible H 2 to CO ratio which can be tuned for various downstream applications without further purification and adjustment. To maximize the syngas yield and minimize the carbon deposition, different gasifying agents in the staged catalytic process was explored. The results showed that CO 2 significantly promoted syngas production mainly by increasing CO yield. However, H 2 -rich syngas was obtained via using steam as the gasifying agent. Competitive and synergistic relationships between CO 2 and H 2 O agent at co-feeding process were further revealed. CO 2 facilitated the reforming of H 2 O at low dose of steam while exhibiting a main competition with adequate steam except for synergy at 5 mL/min CO 2 flow rate. An optimum H 2 -rich syngas yield of 135.59 mmol/g plastic with H 2 /CO ratio of 2 was obtained at co-feeding reactants. Therefore, the co-feeding of H 2 O and CO 2 could show positive effect for both coke removal and syngas quality regulation. Results found in this work increased the overall operational flexibility and economy of pyrolysis and catalytic reforming of plastic waste.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Xinyang Chen,Sijie Li,Yixi Lin,Shanshan Gao,Jin Liu,Yuan Xue,Xi Gao
A series of novel catalysts were prepared by modifying biochar (BC) with different metal loading (Fe, Zn) and thermal activation in different atmospheres (CO 2 , H 2 O). The catalysts were further used to upgrade the pyrolysis vapor from pine wood sawdust, aiming to produce high-quality bio-oil. The modified biochar catalyst exhibited strong deoxygenation ability to acids and ketones in bio-oil and effectively converted lignin-derived compounds into aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols . Subsequently, the catalyst (BC-Fe-CO 2 ) demonstrating the highest yields of phenols and aromatics was selected for condition optimization. Different catalytic temperatures and biomass-to-catalyst ratios were compared to determine the optimal conditions for producing high-quality bio-oil. Phenolics and aromatic hydrocarbons content in the bio-oil reached 70 % at the optimal condition and the selectivity of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aromatic hydrocarbons reached 77 %. The properties of the biochar catalysts were characterized using BET, SEM, XRD, and XPS. The superior performance of the modified BC catalysts not only relied on its enhanced surface area and porous structure but also due to active Fe sites. The detail reaction pathways of the bio-oil catalytic upgrading were also proposed. These findings underscore the potential of modified biochar in pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading for bio-oil with improved quality.
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ENERGY
·
2024
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IF 9
Qiang Hu,Han Zhang,Qiaoting Mao,Jinjiao Zhu,Shihong Zhang,Haiping Yang,Hanping Chen
While numerous research studies have delved into the co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste, limited attention has been devoted to comprehending the interaction mechanism that impacts biomass deoxygenation and carbonization. Therefore, this study explores the co-effect of temperature and polypropylene blending ratio on co-pyrolysis reaction kinetics, distribution of oxygenates/hydrocarbons, as well as the evolution of biochar structure. At a blending ratio of 0.5, the co-pyrolysis exhibits the lowest activation energy (146 kJ/mol), approximately 25.1 % lower than that required for individual pyrolysis . The interaction between bamboo waste with polypropylene increases the O-abstraction process, resulting in the creation of O-containing free radicals and hydrocarbon compounds. The peak proportion of aromatic compounds, reaching approximately 69.5 %, is observed at 700 °C when the blending ratio is 0.5. The H-abstraction process converts large-molecular alkanes into H free radicals and tiny-molecular unsaturated hydrocarbons. The aliphatic functional group content diminishes as the polypropylene ratio increases. The maximum specific surface area (7.70 m 2 /g) and pore volume (21.7 mm 3 /g) are achieved at a blending ratio of 0.75. Notably, polypropylene exerts minimal influence on the graphite crystallite size and graphitization degree of biochar. This research significantly contributes to advancing our understanding of the interaction mechanisms between biomass and plastic waste.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2025
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IF 6.2
Bo Luo,Wenbo Zhang,Shuangqing Hu,Kunyuan Liu,Leilei Cheng,Jing Gu,Haoran Yuan,Yong Chen
Conventional pyrolysis of polyethylene (PE) yields low-value, hard-to-separate mixed components. To produce usable products, flash Joule heating (FJH) was employed to selectively convert PE into low-carbon olefins, with carbon nanospheres as a byproduct. In this process, molten PE was evenly spread on a graphite boat and heated to 1250°C, selectively producing low-carbon olefins (C 2 -C 4 ) with a selectivity of 72.05%. We examined the effects of chain length, branching structure, and the number of double bonds on reaction pathways and product distribution using three long-chain olefin model compounds (terminal olefin, internal olefin, and polyene hydrocarbon) as well as various polyolefins and their mixtures. We also studied the impact of rapid heating/cooling and peak temperature variations on product regulation. These insights provide a theoretical foundation for the highly selective production of low-carbon olefins and co-production of carbon materials from waste polyolefin plastics.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 8.1
Luya Shen,Haoyang Li,Xi Yang,Shaoyuan Li,Yuelong Yu,Jijun Lu,Fengshuo Xi,Wenhui Ma,Rong Deng
The environmentally friendly recycling of end-of-life (EoL) photovoltaic modules is a crucial pathway to achieving “carbon neutrality.” However, currently, most efforts are primarily focused on the recovery of valuable metals, neglecting the utilization of TPT (Tedlar/PET/Tedlar) plastic backsheet. This work develops a two-stage pyrolysis process for TPT decomposition and which can convert into high-value nanocarbon materials and hydrogen under the catalysis of Ni and Fe nanometal particles. The pyrolysis behavior of TPT backplates was systematically investigated, the gas chromatography results reveal that the pyrolysis products primarily consisted of CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , CH 3 CHO, and other small molecules, alongside sizeable residual compounds under the catalytic degradation process. The resulting hydrocarbons play an important role as carbon sources in the formation of carbon nanomaterials and hydrogen generation. The study thoroughly discusses the effects of different catalyst on pyrolysis gas species and components, fixed carbon content, and nanocarbon morphology. Molecular dynamics simulations based on the reactive force field (ReaxFF) was performed to analyze the pyrolysis products. Finally, a gas–liquid-solid physical model was proposed to interpret the growth process of the carbon nanomaterials under Ni-Fe nanometallic catalysis.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2024
·Vol. 31
·期 25
·36702-36715
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IF 0
Jin Hanyu,Song Zhongxian,Luo Yulong,Mao Yanli,Yan Qun,Huang Zhenzhen,Kang Haiyan,Yan Xu,Xing Jiajing,Wu Yongle
The composite material SBC-Fe-x with sludge and Fe 3+ was developed by different calcination temperatures (600, 700, and 800 °C) for the removal of tetracycline (TC). The adsorption rates of SBC-Fe-600, SBC-Fe-700, and SBC-Fe-800 were 77.5%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, the Langmuir model indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of SBC-Fe-700 (157.93 mg/g) was three times greater than that of SBC-Fe-600. The conclusions were confirmed by a series of characterizations that SBC-Fe-700 showed a larger specific surface area, well-developed pore structure, rich oxygen-containing functional groups and a high degree of graphitization. The results of pH experiments indicated the broad applicability of SBC-Fe-700 for TC adsorption. In addition, SBC-Fe-700 suggested outstanding performance in different water environments. This work produced a feasible adsorbent for the removal of TC, and a new direction for sludge resource utilization was proposed.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Ding Jiang,Hongping Li,Xiaoxue Cheng,Pietro Bartocci,Arman Amani Babadi,Minggao Xu,Yang Pan,Bin Cao,Osvalda Senneca,Shuang Wang
Biomass fast pyrolysis offers a promising route to biofuels and chemicals, yet its byproduct, biochar, remains an underutilized catalyst. Using vanillyl alcohol as a lignin model, we tailored biochar surfaces via KOH, CO₂, and HNO₃ activation. Characterization by XRD, XPS, FTIR, Raman, and EPR unveiled synergy between carbon-centered radicals and hydroxyl groups driving catalysis. Catalytic pyrolysis boosted monophenol selectivity to 35.4 % through defect-mediated radical stabilization. In situ SVUV-PIMS identified 4-methyl-2-hydroxyphenoxyl as a key intermediate, while non-catalytic pyrolysis favored methoxy derivatives (68.2 %), with catalytic reactions yielding methyl-phenols. DFT calculations revealed cooperative catalysis on zigzag edges: carbon radicals stabilize intermediates (−29.8 kcal/mol adsorption energy), and hydroxyls enable hydrogen transfer (ΔG‡ = 41.1 kcal/mol). This synergy informs a sustainable biochar catalyst design, harnessing zigzag edge activity for efficient phenolic production in biorefining.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2025
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IF 9.1
Kan Zou,Anjiang Gao,Yong Huang,Kuan Ding,Alexander N. Kozlov,Maxim V. Penzik,Xun Hu,Shu Zhang
Biomass pyrolysis oil holds great potential as a renewable transportation fuel, but it remains challenging to regulate the composition of bio-oils in scale-up reactors. In this paper, the components of bio-oil were regulated through controlled volatile-char interaction in a pilot-scale reactor. Meanwhile, combustion of bio-oil-diesel mixture was also performed. In an innovatively designed pilot-scale reactor, the volatile-char interaction was regulated by adjusting the feedstock layer height, significantly reducing the complexity of the light components in the bio-oil. The main components became phenols (over 74 %), with a small amount of ketones and furans. Intense volatile-char interaction converted ketones and phenols into furans, which was beneficial for hydrogenation. After hydrogenation, the alcohol content of light oil increased to 82%–93 %, enhancing its utilization value. When blended with diesel in a 5 % ratio, the mixed oil exhibited lower fuel consumption and emissions of CO, CO 2 , NO x , and smoke in engine combustion tests, with a higher exhaust temperature. The lower boiling point and viscosity of the mixed oil facilitated atomization in the engine, and its oxygen element participated in the combustion process, optimizing combustion performance and reducing pollutants emission. These findings provide important pilot-scale references for utilization of biomass pyrolysis oils as transport fuels.
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LANGMUIR
·
2024
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IF 3.7
Su Dan Bao,Agula Bao
Previous research has proven that the pore shape and nitrogen group content of adsorbents play essential roles in determining their carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption performance. In this article, a series of nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials were prepared for CO2 adsorption by varying the proportion of carbon nitride, the pyrolysis temperature, and the activation ratio of KOH, using chitosan as the carbon source, carbon nitride (g-C3N4 and g-C3N5) as self-sacrificing templating agents, and KOH as the activator. Among the prepared materials, T6-850-1 has the highest specific surface area (SBET) of 2336 m2/g, and T6-750-1 has the highest microporous area (Smicro) and CO2 adsorption capacity (1 bar, 298 K) of 1969 m2/g and 3.49 mmol/g, respectively. The thermal decomposition temperature and products of carbon nitride templates were characterized and tested by thermogravimetric infrared gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TG-IR-GC-MS), and the thermal decomposition mechanisms of the two carbon nitride templates were investigated. We found that the thermal stability of the template directly affects the pore structure of the final sample as well as the type and quantity of nitrogen species.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
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IF 5.7
Siyuan Jing,Yanting Wang,Jiaying Zheng,Xin Li,Yinjuan Chen,Minghuo Wu,Weiping Liu,Thomas C. Wanger
Particle size is an important indicator to evaluate the environmental risk and biotoxicity of nanoplastic (NP, particle diameter <1000 nm). The methods available to determine size classes of NP in environmental samples are few and are rare to achieve efficient separation and recycling of NP with close particle sizes. Here, we show that rate-zonal centrifugation (RZC) can quickly and efficiently collect NP of different sizes based on their sedimentation coefficients. When combined with cloud-point extraction (CPE) and pyrolysis−gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), our method can quantify three NP particle-size classes separately (including 100 nm, 300 nm, and 600 nm) in aqueous samples with high recovery (81.4 %–89.4 %), limits of detections (LODs, 33.5–53.4 μg/L), and limits of quantifications (LOQs, 110.6–167.2 μg/L). Compared with the conventional sample pretreatment process, our method can effectively extract and determine the NP with different sizes. Our approach is highly scalable and can be effectively applied to NP in a wide range of aquatic environments . Meanwhile, our approach is highly scalable to incorporate diverse assays to study the environmental behaviours and ecological risks of NP.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2021
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IF 19.503
Yibo Guo,Sai Yao,Yuanyuan Xue,Xu Hu,Huijuan Cui,Zhen Zhou
The electrochemical reduction reaction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 RR) is an effective way towards carbon neutralization. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are expected to be efficient for CO 2 RR due to maximum atom utilization and excellent catalytic performance. Here, nitrogen-doped carbon supported Ni SACs (Ni-SAC@NCs) were prepared through effective fast pyrolysis . CO 2 can convert into CO efficiently with Ni-SAC@NCs as electrocatalysts for CO 2 RR. The faradaic efficiency kept well above 80% in the applied potential window of −0.6 to −0.9 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), with a highest FE CO of 95% at −0.6 V (vs. RHE). Ni-SAC@NCs can achieve the best CO selectivity under a small overpotential, surpassing most other state-of-the-art catalysts. Computations also indicate that the unique defect-Ni-N 3 structure is the active site. This work not only provides a simple and promising new route for the preparation of SACs, but also proves the key role of the coordination environment in electrocatalysis.
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FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 7.7
Yadi Jia,Pinjing He,Fan Lü,Wei Peng,Hua Zhang,Khamphe Phoungthong
In response to the growing challenge of photovoltaic waste management, developing sustainable and value-added treatment strategies is imperative. In this study, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) resins sourced from waste photovoltaic modules and virgin materials were utilized for the production of hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) and methane-rich combustible gas via autogenic pressure pyrolysis coupled with KOH activation. Temperature-dependent pyrolysis revealed that 700 °C was the optimal condition, yielding pyrolysis gas with a high methane content (43.39 vol%) and producing graphitized carbon spheres. Subsequent KOH activation generated HPC with a large specific surface area of 765.4 m 2 /g. When applied as a supercapacitor electrode in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte, the HPC exhibited a high specific capacitance of 152 F/g at 0.2 A/g. Additionally, EVA resins with higher vinyl acetate content and melt index (MI) produced greater amounts of methane and pyrolytic carbon, while the resins with lower MI values showed enhanced reactivity toward chemical activation. This work offers a green and efficient route for the high-value recycling of EVA in PV waste and contributes to the sustainable synthesis of advanced HPC materials for energy storage applications.
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