Behavioral and Brain Functions
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2026
·Vol. 22
·期 1
·41
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IF 2.9
Sun Xin-Ran,Chen Yu-Xin,Zhang Xiang-Jun-Lin,Jiang Ning,Liu Xin-Min,Chang Qi,Pan Rui-Le
Social stress is a fundamental environmental factor driving the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and vicarious defeat stress (VDS) are two widely used social stress paradigms, with VDS initially proposed as an alternative to CSDS. The present study integrated behavioral phenotypes, hippocampal proteomics, synaptic morphology, energy metabolism, neurotransmitter and tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) metabolism, and inflammatory indicators to directly compare responses in adult male mice subjected to CSDS and VDS. Both CSDS and VDS mice showed significant social avoidance, reduced open-arm exploration in the elevated plus maze, prolonged feeding latency in the novelty-suppressed feeding test, and increased immobility in the tail suspension test. Meanwhile, reduced center-zone activity in the open field test, fewer transitions and shorter light-compartment time in the light/dark box test, and lower sucrose preference were observed only in CSDS mice. These findings indicate that CSDS produced more extensive and severe behavioral abnormalities. Hippocampal label-free quantitative proteomics identified 38 and 32 differentially expressed proteins in CSDS and VDS mice, respectively, with 11 shared between the two paradigms. Both paradigms caused ATP depletion, increased pro-inflammatory factors, elevated α-synuclein (α-Syn), and decreased postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), with CSDS showing more severe changes. CSDS also upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) while suppressing transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), whereas VDS increased IL-10 without significantly affecting iNOS or TGF-β. In TRP-KYN metabolism, CSDS increased 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid (QA) while decreasing kynurenic acid (KA), whereas VDS did not significantly affect these downstream metabolites. Regarding neurotransmitters, CSDS reduced dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and glutamate (Glu), while VDS decreased NE and DA and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Additionally, lactate was significantly increased in VDS mice, whereas CSDS mice showed a non-significant numerical decrease in hippocampal lactate. Collectively, VDS is a distinct stressor rather than a simple substitute for CSDS and has a milder overall impact than CSDS. This study provides guidance for selecting stress models that better align with specific biological questions in preclinical research on anxiety and depression disorders.
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BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 4.8
Chen Zhongxin,Cao Wei,Zhao Minghua,Wang Qing,Li Yujiang,Fu Rong,Gao Xinyu,Ke Zunqian,Xu Xinqing,Li Shengcun
Background Secondary injury after acute brain injury (ABI) involves interconnected oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptosis-associated cellular responses. Resveratrol (RSV) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but its limited aqueous stability and rapid clearance restrict sustained biological activity. This study developed a pH-responsive RSV delivery platform consisting of chitosan-based nanoparticles embedded in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and evaluated its physicochemical properties, release behavior, and effects on ABI-relevant cellular responses in vitro. Results RSV-loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles (RSV@PCCC) were prepared through electrostatic self-assembly and subsequently incorporated into GelMA hydrogel. The optimized nanoparticles maintained relatively stable hydrodynamic characteristics at pH 7.2 and exhibited increased RSV release under acidic conditions. After 72 h, cumulative RSV release from RSV@PCCC reached ~ 74% at pH 6.4 and ~ 50% at pH 7.2. Incorporation into GelMA (RSV@PCCC-Hydrogel) prolonged RSV release, resulting in cumulative release of ~ 58% and ~ 36% at pH 6.4 and pH 7.2, respectively. In LPS-stimulated neural and microglial cells, the RSV-containing formulations reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species. RSV@PCCC reduced IL-1β and TNF-α protein expression by ~ 60% and ~ 50% respectively. RSV@PCCC and RSV@PCCC-Hydrogel reduced the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio by ~ 50% and ~ 40% respectively. These results indicate attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammatory activation, and apoptosis-associated changes under the tested in vitro conditions. Conclusions The chitosan-based nanoparticle/GelMA platform enabled pH-responsive and sustained RSV release and attenuated LPS-induced oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptosis-associated changes in neural and microglial cells. These findings provide an in vitro proof-of-concept for modulating cellular processes associated with secondary injury after ABI and support further evaluation of this platform in physiologically relevant ABI models.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Chen Xiaoxin,Xu Qi,Liu Yi,Zhu Zhenshuo,Wang Ziqiu,Zhang Yun,Li Ziru,Mao Yunan,Ai Chenmiao,Chen Qi,Tian Le,Yao Zhiying,Gwon Youngdae,Shi Zhubing,Yang Peiguo
Although diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs) are implicated in host-virus interactions, the specific antiviral mechanisms of certain family members remain largely undefined. Here, we reveal that mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP10 restricts viral replication by forming biomolecular condensates via multivalent interactions among its structured domains. PARP10 condensates enhance enzymatic activity, resulting in increased NAD⁺ consumption that ultimately inhibits viral replication. The antiviral effects of PARP10 are shown to require both its catalytic activity and NAD⁺ regulation, as catalytic mutants and PARP10 inhibitors abrogate these effects, while reduction of NAD⁺ potently restricts viral replication. Furthermore, we identify auto-ADP-ribosylation as an intrinsic negative feedback mechanism modulating PARP10 condensation. These findings establish PARP10 condensation as a compartmentalization strategy that amplifies local NAD⁺ consumption to safeguard host antiviral immunity.
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
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2026
·
IF 3.1
Shi Demei,Li Mengyu,Zhang Ding,Rong Qian,Yuwen Chao
Inexpensive iron-based catalysts with partially filled 3d orbitals are one of the most prospective catalysts for converting spent polymers into hydrogen-rich gases by microwave. However, most iron-based catalysts synthesized have poor microwave absorption, especially the FeAl catalyst synthesized by microwave combustion, which are mixed with disposable medical masks (DMMs) heated to 201 °C in 1200 W microwave field within 15 min with very slow heating efficiency. Here, the introduction of Cu into the FeAl catalyst led to the catalyst lattice reconstruction and the creation of lattice defects and oxygen vacancies, which improved the electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of the catalyst (FeCuAl). The mixture of FeCuAl catalyst and DMMs can be rapidly heated to about 800 °C within 10 min. The increase of microwave power accelerated the pyrolysis reaction process of DMMs and promoted the effective collision of active centers with hydrocarbons, leading to a decrease in dehydrogenation efficiency. The content of non-condensable gas increased from 73.91 to 80.63 wt% and the hydrogen content decreased from 39.81 to 32.48 vol% as the increase of microwave power from 900 to 1500 W. This work improves the dielectric properties of iron-based catalysts by doping-induced defects, which provides ideas for the development of advanced microwave pyrolysis catalysts. Graphical The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 2.8
Hou Dusong,Gao Danhong,Liu Hongwei,Deng Hanling,Lu Qianyao,Xiong Fan,Shao Hengwei,Lu Yuanyuan,Wang Mengxin,He Xinjian,Huang Sheng
The advancements in flexible display technology impose stringent demands on the optical properties and environmental stability of perovskite luminescent materials. Addressing the core challenges of poor environmental stability and optical performance degradation in methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr 3 ) quantum dots, this study proposes a dual-stability strategy combining “internal crystallization regulation” with “external physical protection.” A ZnO/MAPbBr 3 /PVDF composite film was prepared through synergistic modification with zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), with the optimal ZnO content identified as 40 μL. Under these conditions, the composite film exhibited a green light emission full width at half maximum (FWHM) as low as 19.88 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 76.06%, demonstrating high color purity. After heating at 100°C for 60 min, the PL intensity decayed by only 30%, and after 168 h of immersion in water, it retained 65% of its initial PL intensity, indicating significantly enhanced environmental tolerance. When this film served as the green conversion layer integrated with red CsPbI 3 quantum dot films and GaN blue LEDs to form a white light-emitting diode (WLED), the device achieved a color gamut coverage of 126% of the NTSC standard and 94% of the Rec. 2020 specification. Research indicates that ZnO enhances crystalline integrity by regulating MAPbBr 3 nucleation and growth, while PVDF forms a compact hydrophobic barrier. Their combined effect enhances both the film’s optical performance and environmental stability, enabling WLEDs with ultrawide color gamut that meet the requirements of high-performance flexible display and lighting applications.
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KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2026
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IF 3.4
Dai Yanmei,Teng Jiayu,Zhang Qingyu,Sun Dongchang,Tao Zijuan,Huang Changshun,Luo Liangli,Liu Bo,Ou Zhimin
9α-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (9α-OH-AD) is a valuable intermediate for the manufacture of steroid drugs such as hydrocortisone. Its bioproduction from 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-AD), however, is limited by the low efficiency of the two-component steroid 9α-hydroxylase (KSH) system and insufficient cofactor regeneration during whole-cell catalysis. In this work, RvKshA and RvKshB were mined and heterologously expressed, and plasmid screening identified E. coli BL21/pET28a + -RvKshA/pETDuet-1-RvKshB as the best-performing strain. Structural analyses based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations clarified the cooperative catalytic mechanism of KshA and KshB, providing guidance for rational system construction. More importantly, to address the NADH supply bottleneck, we established a dual-enzyme coupling strategy by introducing formate dehydrogenase (FDH) for in situ cofactor regeneration. This design enabled efficient steroid hydroxylation, giving a 98.3% conversion at 20 mM 4-AD. When combined with high-density fermentation and fed-batch feeding, the engineered strain achieved a substrate processing capacity of 80 mM and a spatiotemporal yield of 42.8 mM/(L·day). This study provides an integrated enzymatic and bioprocess solution for improving whole-cell steroid hydroxylation efficiency and offers a practical basis for the scalable biosynthesis of 9α-OH-AD.
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CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF FUELS AND OILS
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2026
·
IF 0.8
Wen Wu,Zhi Shitao,Wang Wenwen,Zhu Hao,Niu Cheng
In this study, a series of solvent extraction experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different single solvents and p-xylene-assisted composite solvents on heavy oil recovery, sand surface wettability, and the interfacial interaction mechanism. Results showed that p-xylene exhibited a distinct synergistic effect with aromatic solvents, particularly toluene, improving heavy oil recovery by up to 3.3%, whereas its combination with n-pentane caused a significant reduction in recovery due to the precipitation of heavy components such as asphaltenes. Contact angle measurements further confirmed that hybrid solvent systems enhanced the hydrophilicity of sand surfaces, with the [p-xylene]-n-pentane system showing the greatest decrease (14°) in contact angle. Zeta potential analysis revealed that sand particles possess a positive charge, while bitumen droplets carry a negative charge, confirming the electrostatic interaction that contributes to their adhesion. This work provides new insights into the synergistic mechanism of mixed solvents in bitumen extraction and highlights the potential of aromatic-assisted solvent systems for improving the efficiency of heavy oil separation. MD simulations further revealed that toluene most effectively promoted the dispersion and diffusion of heavy-oil SARA fractions. Mean square displacement analysis showed that saturated and asphaltene molecules exhibited the highest mobility in toluene, while colloids remained the least diffusive. Radial distribution function results confirmed strong π–π interactions between toluene and aromatic/asphaltene components, facilitating their structural disaggregation. Concentration and conformational analyses demonstrated that all four heavy-oil components gradually transitioned from aggregated states to dispersed equilibrium under toluene solvation. These molecular-scale insights corroborate experimental observations and elucidate the mechanism by which aromatic-assisted solvent systems improve the efficiency of heavy-oil separation.
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Nano-Micro Letters
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·344
·
IF 38.5
Liu Xianyuan,Zhao Yang,Zhang Yali,Cui Xuechun,Xue Ying,Lu Xianyong,Gu Junwei
The development of intelligent electromagnetic skins demands scalable films integrating gigahertz (GHz)-terahertz (THz) wave absorption, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and programmable actuation. Here, we report a bioinspired bamboo-like layered-gradient system fabricated via scalable vacuum filtration, in which two types of films are constructed with distinct functionalities: a low-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) content film for microwave absorption and a high PEDOT content film for conductive network-enabled EMI shielding.The films precisely assemble Al-Fe 3 O 4 nanosheets, aramid nanofibers, and PEDOT into an asymmetric architecture. A monotonic through-thickness gradient in composition creates a tailored impedance profile and strong anisotropy while minimizing conductive filler content. This design achieves effective microwave absorption at low PEDOT loading (minimum reflection loss: − 56.6 dB at 2.2 mm in the X-band). With increased PEDOT content, a percolative network is constructed, enabling Joule heating (233 °C at 20 V) and efficient EMI shielding (42.0 dB in the GHz band and 57.8 dB in the THz band). Beyond electromagnetic performance, the gradient architecture enables programmable, ethanol-triggered anisotropic actuation via differential swelling. The films also exhibit excellent thermal stability, mechanical robustness, and flexibility, ensuring reliability in harsh environments. Collectively, this gradient architecture provides a scalable platform for intelligent electromagnetic skins integrate magnetic-dielectric coupling, conductive network tuning, and stimuli-responsive actuation.
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CELLULOSE
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2026
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IF 4.6
Yang Wei,Wang Cong Cong,Zheng Cunbang,Yang Fan,Wu Shengji,Che Lei
Effect of acid impregnation and mechanical milling on the hydrolysis behavior and products distribution of chitin in subcritical water was investigated by a “temperature-programmed hydrolysis process”, in the present study. The acid impregnation and mechanical milling efficiently destroyed the glycosidic and hydrogen bonds in chitin, leading to a loss of crystal structure and significantly increased water solubility. The loss of crystal structure rendered the pretreated chitin substrates more susceptible to hydrolysis in subcritical water compared to raw chitin, thereby reducing the activation energy required to initiate the hydrolysis reaction. The main compounds in hydrolysate were analyzed to be reducing sugar, antioxidant compounds, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, isopropyl acetate, acetamide and propanoic acid ethyl ester. The possible mechanism of acid impregnation and ball milling for hydrolysis of chitin in subcritical water was also proposed. This work suggested that acid-mechanical milling is an efficient pretreatment process for accelerating the liquefaction of chitin to valuable chemicals in subcritical water. Graphical abstract The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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Nature Energy
·
2026
·
IF 70.1
Zhang Zhenguo,Zhang Qi,Li Wen,Liu Wen,Zhang Jialin,Zhang Jin,Wang Haining,Xiang Yan,Lu Shanfu
High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells offer inherent impurity tolerance and simplified thermal/water management. However, conventional phosphoric acid-doped membranes must be relatively thick (typically >50 μm) to counteract H 3 PO 4 -induced mechanical degradation, leading to ohmic losses that limit fuel cell performance. Here we report a 20-μm-thin, mechanically robust phosphoric acid-doped membrane incorporating dynamic Cu-ion crosslinking for high-power-density high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The dynamic Cu-polymer coordination establishes dynamic crosslinking networks that provide exceptional toughness and extensibility, alongside spontaneous self-healing capability. Simultaneously, the Cu ions improve H 3 PO 4 retention and proton dissociation through electrostatic interactions and polarization of O–H bonds in H 3 PO 4 molecules. The resulting thin membranes exhibit minimal ohmic resistance (0.06 Ω cm 2 ) while maintaining low H 2 crossover current density (0.95 mA cm −2 ). Fuel cells incorporating this membrane achieved a peak power density of 3.08 W cm −2 at 200 °C (H 2 /O 2 ), with negligible degradation over 503 h at 1.0 A cm −2 and 160 °C.
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Nature Synthesis
·
2026
·
IF 22.6
Zhang Hao,Liu Ziming,Li Di,Wu Chenxin,Hua Lei,Li Haiyang,Yi Yanhui,Huang Rui,Yu Liang,Deng Dehui
Direct co-conversion of earth-abundant N 2 and CH 4 to high-value C–N–O compounds is a promising synthetic method but remains challenging, as the activation of N 2 and CH 4 typically requires high-energy conditions that can cause product decomposition. Here we report a plasma-cascade process for synthesizing cyclohexanone cyanohydrin (Cy(OH)CN) via direct coupling of N 2 and CH 4 plasma with cyclohexanone. This catalyst-free process achieves a Cy(OH)CN formation rate of 0.60 mmol h −1 with a high selectivity of 95.8% towards the cyclohexanone-derived products under mild conditions, concurrently generating ammonia as a valuable coproduct. Comprehensive mechanistic studies reveal that plasma-generated ·CH x and hydrogen radicals enable direct α-carbonyl functionalization of cyclohexanone to α-CH x cyclohexanol intermediates, which then coupled mainly with excited-state N 2 and are further activated by hydrogen radicals to generate Cy(OH)CN. This plasma-cascade strategy decouples the activation of inert molecules from the formation of relatively unstable C–N–O compounds, enabling selective cyanohydrin synthesis that avoids using high-cost NH 3 and toxic HCN. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Wang Yigang,Yang Sixie,Liu Yiwen,Wang Chang,Pan Hui,Zhang Zhenjie,He Ping,Zhou Haoshen
The global surge in lithium demand poses growing challenges for supply security and sustainability, yet vast lithium reserves in seawater remain largely untapped due to extremely low Li⁺ concentrations and high levels of competing ions. Here, we present an integrated electrochemical system coupling direct lithium extraction from seawater with in situ energy storage and hydrogen co-production. A reversible Ni(OH) 2 /NiOOH redox electrode replaces conventional anodic seawater electrolysis, storing electrical energy that would otherwise be wasted and enabling its recovery on demand through a Zn-NiOOH battery configuration. Meanwhile, a NiS 2 /MoS 2 catalyst lowers the overpotential for hydrogen evolution at the cathode, generating approximately 807 mL of hydrogen gas per gram of lithium extracted. This synergistic design reduces net energy consumption to 6.40 Wh g –1 Li , upgrades seawater from a low-quality brine (0.183 mg L –1 Li + ) to a Li-rich solution (306.2 mg L –1 ) and lowers the Mg/Li ratio by seven orders of magnitude without additional reagent. This approach demonstrates a practical, sustainable route to unlock seawater as a viable high-grade lithium resource for a secure energy future.
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