Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 5
·124422
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IF 7.5
Wenjun Fu,Jiangjie Fang,Yongdian Yue,Xinzhuang Fu,Chuanxi Peng,Di Chen,Youchuan Chen,Tong Yue
Calcium silicate-based materials hydrate to form calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), a reactive phase capable of immobilizing heavy metals. However, the mechanisms governing element-specific long-term stability remain unclear. In this study, dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) and tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) were used to compare the removal behavior, aging stability, and microscopic immobilization mechanisms of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) in aqueous systems. Both minerals efficiently removed Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ), while C 3 S showed stronger early Pb(Ⅱ) removal, possibly related to faster hydration-product formation under the tested conditions. Cd(Ⅱ) removal remained above 99% in both systems. Apparent isotherm and kinetic analyses indicated that metal removal was governed by a coupled apparent process involving interfacial adsorption, surface complexation, hydration-product formation, and precipitation, rather than by physical adsorption alone. Long-term aging and acidic leaching tests revealed contrasting stability: Cd-bearing products exhibited strong leaching resistance, whereas Pb-bearing products showed a potential risk of re-release after aging. XRD, XPS, TEM, and TEM-EDS analyses indicated that Pb and Cd were closely associated with C-S-H-related hydration products, suggesting possible Ca-associated binding or partial structural incorporation. The stronger acid-leaching resistance of Cd-bearing products implies more stable association with C-S-H-related phases than that of Pb-bearing products. These findings clarify the element-specific immobilization mechanisms of C 2 S/C 3 S and provide guidance for calcium silicate-based treatment of heavy-metal-contaminated water.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Yiwen Tang,Chen Li,Mingliang Liu,Na Li,Beibei Liu,Dongmei Li,Lei Huang
Paired blood and urinary Pb/Cd biomarkers showed distinct renal association profiles. • A multi-matrix, multi-outcome framework captured complementary Pb–Cd renal signals. • Outcome-oriented networks recurrently prioritized IL1B and IL6 across renal modules. • Shared inflammatory hubs coexisted with outcome-related peripheral network organization. • Targeted cellular assays supported the exposure responsiveness of prioritized targets. Background Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) remain widespread environmental toxicants, and the kidney is a major target organ. However, reliance on a single biomarker matrix or renal endpoint may incompletely characterize Pb–Cd-associated renal abnormalities. Whether blood- and urine-based Pb/Cd biomarkers exhibit differential association profiles across renal outcomes, and whether outcome-oriented networks converge on shared candidate pathways, remains unclear. Methods We analyzed NHANES 2011–2018 data from 5049 adults. Blood and urinary Pb and Cd biomarkers were evaluated in relation to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria [log(UACR)], and a CKD-compatible phenotype using survey-weighted regression, whereas Pb–Cd mixtures were examined using case-weighted quantile g-computation and generalized weighted quantile sum regression. Effect modification by age, sex, BMI, diabetes, and hypertension was evaluated using formal interaction tests with false-discovery-rate correction. An outcome-oriented network toxicology framework was constructed using CKD-, albuminuria-, and broad renal injury-oriented disease modules. HEK293T cells were used for targeted cellular assessment of cytotoxicity, intracellular metal accumulation, redox and inflammatory responses, and transcriptional changes in genes prioritized by network analysis following Pb, Cd, or combined exposure. Exploratory molecular docking was performed to examine potential metal–protein interaction sites. Results Individual-biomarker and mixture analyses showed that the observed associations varied across biomarker matrices and renal outcomes. Urinary Pb was positively associated with eGFR; urinary Cd and blood Pb were associated with higher log(UACR); and blood Pb and blood Cd were associated with higher odds of the CKD-compatible phenotype. The urinary Pb–Cd mixture was positively associated with eGFR and log(UACR), whereas the blood mixture was associated with higher log(UACR) and higher odds of the CKD-compatible phenotype. Formal interaction analyses identified age-related heterogeneity in selected blood-based associations, while inverse associations of blood Pb, blood Cd, and urinary Cd with eGFR were stronger among participants with diabetes. Outcome-oriented network analysis consistently prioritized IL1B and IL6 as shared inflammatory hubs, while peripheral network architecture differed across renal modules. In HEK293T cells, combined Pb–Cd exposure increased intracellular metal burden and cytotoxicity, reduced antioxidant capacity, and altered the expression of IL1B, IL6, and selected stress-response genes. Conclusion Blood- and urine-based Pb and Cd biomarkers exhibited distinct association profiles across renal outcomes, indicating that a single biomarker matrix or endpoint may incompletely characterize Pb–Cd-associated renal abnormalities. Outcome-oriented networks converged on IL1B and IL6 as shared inflammatory hubs within distinct peripheral architectures, with targeted cellular evidence supporting the responsiveness of prioritized targets. These findings establish an integrative, multi-matrix and multi-outcome framework for the mechanistic interpretation and risk assessment of Pb–Cd co-exposure. Download: Download high-res image (271KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Linrui Li,Peisen Huang,Yubo Pan,Xianyong Hong,Yu Tao,Zhihui Wang,Mingxing Shi,Yu Xia,Mingzhu Xia,Fenghe Wang,Fengyun Wang,Wu Lei
Water pollution by heavy metals poses severe threats to ecosystems and human health. While adsorption offers a promising remediation strategy, the practical application of conventional powdered adsorbents is hampered by poor recyclability, handling difficulties, and limited scalability. To address these challenges, we report a novel adsorbent fabricated by crosslinking carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with ethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP), a chelating agent with superior heavy metal affinity. This adsorbent (EDT-CMC) exhibits adsorption capacities of 640.4 ± 9.4 mg/g for Pb 2+ and 401.2 ± 8.2 mg/g for Cd 2+ at 298 K, representing increases of 95.8 ± 7.9% and 96.6 ± 10.5%, respectively, compared to EDTMP-absent adsorbents. Systematic investigations of adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were conducted, complemented by comprehensive characterizations (XRD, FT-IR, SEM, XPS). The material demonstrates good tolerance to pH variations and competing ions, along with promising performance in fixed-bed column and recyclability studies, underscoring its potential for practical applications. Mechanistic studies reveal that surface complexation and ion exchange are the primary drivers of metal removal, with electrostatic interactions playing a secondary role, a conclusion further validated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work offers two key advancements, the first being a spherical bead-like architecture that overcomes the recyclability and handling limitations of traditional powdered adsorbents, enabling practical fixed-bed applications, and the second is a comprehensive mechanistic elucidation combining experimental characterizations with DFT calculations, providing molecular-level insights into the adsorption process. Overall, EDT-CMC was expected to be an effective adsorbent to apply in the field of heavy metal removal.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Tao Chang,Qin Wang,Shijia Wu,Zhimiao Zhao,Yinjiang Zhang,Xian Lu,Yunhui Zhang
Phosphate-loaded pyrolyzed gypsum board was innovatively reused for Cd(Ⅱ)/Pb(Ⅱ) remediation. • Single and coexisting heavy metal systems were systematically evaluated in both aqueous and soil environments. • The recycled material achieved enhanced Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption while retaining high Pb(Ⅱ) removal capacity. • Phosphate-driven mineralization and ion exchange between hydroxyapatite and heavy metals enhance the immobilization. This study proposed a cascade utilization strategy for waste gypsum board by reusing phosphate-loaded pyrolyzed gypsum board (PGB150P) for Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) remediation in aqueous and soil environments. The results showed that PGB150 exhibited excellent Pb(Ⅱ) affinity (q max = 1396.14 mg/g) but limited Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption capacity (161.21 mg/g). PGB150P significantly enhanced Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption (403.84 mg/g) while retaining high Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption performance (1271.13 mg/g). In the Cd(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ) system, the adsorption capacities of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) decreased to 170.17 and 980.05 mg/g, respectively, with Pb(Ⅱ) showing a stronger competitive advantage. Adsorption followed the Langmuir model and was spontaneous endothermic chemisorption controlled by film and intraparticle diffusion. PGB150P exhibited a broad pH adaptability and strong resistance to common coexisting ions. Mechanistic quantification revealed that Cd(Ⅱ) removal by PGB150P was dominated by precipitation (58.56%) and ion exchange (34.7%), while Pb(Ⅱ) removal was also dominated by precipitation (62.41%) and ion exchange (31.7%). Soil immobilization experiments showed that after 28 days treatment, PGB150P increased the residual fractions of Cd and Pb to 29% and 50%, respectively. In the Cd-Pb system, the residual fractions were increased to 15% and 49%, respectively. After five adsorption–desorption cycles, PGB150P retained about 71% of its Cd(Ⅱ) capacity and 93% of its Pb(Ⅱ) capacity. Cost analysis indicated a total cost of only 39–54 USD/t, substantially lower than that of adsorbents prepared with exogenous phosphate or commercial hydroxyapatite. This study provides theoretical support for the high-value utilization of construction solid waste and the remediation of multi-media heavy metal pollution. Download: Download high-res image (253KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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2026
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IF 4
Ying Wang,Yi-Tong Du,Wen-Bo Yan,Zi-Tao Jiang,Jin Tan
BACKGROUND Cherry tomatoes are prone to postharvest deterioration and spoilage at room temperature, whereas chemical preservatives pose safety and environmental risks. Clove essential oil (CEO) has excellent antibacterial activity but is limited by high volatility, poor water solubility and dosage sensitivity. Cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (β-CD-MOFs) can improve CEO stability, but their poor processability and aqueous dispersibility hinder fruit preservation applications. Chitosan (CS), a natural hydrogel with film-forming and antibacterial properties, offers an ideal matrix to address these limitations. RESULTS A CEO-loaded CS/β-CD-MOFs composite coating (CS-CEO/MOFs) was constructed and evaluated on cherry tomatoes stored at 25 °C via physicochemical analysis, electronic eye color detection and texture profile analysis (TPA). Compared with control, CS and high-concentration CEO-chitosan (CS-CEO-H) groups, high-concentration CS-CEO/MOFs (CS-CEO/MOFs-H) delayed spoilage. Principal component analysis of electronic eye data showed the recognition index (a parameter reflecting the distinguishability of color characteristics among groups) increased from −3 (day 0) to 97–98 (days 6–21), indicating distinct inter-group ripening rate differences. TPA results indicated CS-CEO/MOFs-H slowed hardness decline (effect positively correlated with hydrogel concentration) and maintained higher soluble sugar, vitamin C and titratable acid contents, as well as reduced weight loss, extending room-temperature shelf life to 21 days. CONCLUSION The CS-CEO/MOFs coating combined the gas barrier property of CS and the controlled release capability of β-CD-MOF, forming a synergistic fresh-keeping mechanism. As a safe, natural preservative, it provides a promising solution to reduce cherry tomato postharvest losses and lays a foundation for the development of plant-derived composite preservatives with controlled-release and gas barrier synergistic properties. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
·
2023
·
IF 5.7
Yaru Li,Yanyan Liu,Caiying Liu,Li Feng,Shuao Yang,Yuxue Shan,Fei Xiao
Background Toxic metals such as Pb(II) and Cd(II) have thrown great threat to human health. Adsorption has been drawn more attention due to its low-cost, easy process and extensive raw materials. However, high efficient and environmental-friendly adsorbents are still in great need. Furthermore, the quantitatively adsorption mechanisms of Pb(II) and Cd(II) remain unclear. MgO-loaded lotus stem biochar was proposed as a highly efficient adsorbent to removal aqueous Pb(II) and Cd(II). Methods MgO-loaded biochar was prepared by using lotus stalk as a precursor to be pyrolyzed with MgCl 2 impregnation. Adsorption isotherms , kinetics, thermodynamics experiments were carried out. SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, etc. were employed to characterize the adsorbent before and after adsorption. Significant findings The adsorption capacities of MgO-loaded biochar for Pb(II) and Cd(II) reached 1379.54 mg/g and 404.04 mg/g, respectively, which were 5 and 20 times higher than that of the original biochar. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption process was a chemisorption-based heat absorption reaction, and the characterization results showed the main adsorption mechanisms were ascribed to ion-exchange, precipitation, surface complexation between biochar and Pb(II)/Cd(II) ions, in which the ion exchange mechanism was quantitatively confirmed. Finally, MgO-loaded biochar has been proved to be an efficient adsorbent.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2022
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IF 10.753
Dezheng Sun,Fayong Li,Junwei Jin,Sangar Khan,Kamel Mohamed Eltohamy,Miaomiao He,Xinqiang Liang
Developing effective modification methods and obtaining a comprehensive understanding of adsorption mechanisms are essential for the practical application of biochars for the removal of heavy metals from solutions. In this study, rice straw was impregnated with sodium phytate and pyrolyzed at 350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C to synthesize modified biochars (i.e., MBC350, MBC450, and MBC550). The Cd(II) adsorption capacities and contributions of different mechanisms, including the effects of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM), were investigated using batch sorption experiments and characterization analyses. The modification of sodium phytate promoted the pyrolysis of biomass, thereby increasing the BDOM content and aromatic structures at low and high pyrolysis temperatures, respectively. Moreover, the modification also increased the exchangeable Na + and carbonate contents in the modified biochars. Compared with the raw biochars, the Cd(II) adsorption capacities of modified biochars increased by 3.3–4.3 times, and MBC550 had the highest Cd(II) adsorption capacity (126.5 mg/g), of which precipitation with minerals and interaction with π-electrons contributed 41.7% and 45.8%, respectively. However, at a lower pyrolysis temperature, the Cd(II) adsorption attributed to ion exchange and co-deposition with BDOM significantly increased, especially on MBC350 (33.9 and 12.6 mg/g, respectively). These results indicate that modification by sodium phytate effectively enhanced various adsorption mechanisms, thereby increasing the Cd(II) adsorption capacity. In addition, the contribution of co-deposition with BDOM to adsorption was unneglectable for the biochars pyrolyzed at low temperatures.
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Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2022
·
IF 6.137
Xueqiang Liu,Diandi Li,Jiguang Li,Jianle Wang,Shujie Liang,Hong Deng
Heavy metal ion pollution (e.g., Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd) that has a great threat to human health is a global concern, because of their great toxicity (e.g., carcinogenicity and mutagenicity). Therefore, it is necessary to find an economical and efficient technology to remove metal. In recent years, modified biochar plays an important role in the removal of heavy metal. However, most of the biochar modification methods rely on high temperature and long time, which limits their application in practical engineering. In this study, we firstly synthesized HMBC (MnO X -OBC, peanut shells as raw materials) using H 2 O 2 -NaOH method, where the materials only need to be modified for 10 min at ambient temperature to obtain high adsorption performance. The maximum Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption capacities of HMBC were 164.59 mg g − 1 and 36.77 mg g − 1 , respectively, which were 7.2 times and 5.6 times that of the unmodified PBC (peanut shells derived biochar ) , and the main adsorption mechanisms were complexation, ion exchange, cation-π interaction and precipitation. The adsorption process of lead and cadmium by HMBC was more consistent with the Freundlich model and Pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics . HMBC had high selectivity for lead and cadmium, and the adsorption performance of HMBC was basically not reduced after five cycles. The above experimental results show that the newly prepared HMBC has the potential to treat lead and cadmium industrial wastewater.
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RSC Advances
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 28
·18004-18011
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IF 4.036
Lingling Xu,Chuan Zhou,Fan Wang,Huiqin Liu,Guangyuan Dong,Siyi Zhang,Tao Liu
In this study, a drug delivery system was prepared by grafting the targeting molecule arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) onto hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG)-modified β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-HPG) for the targeted inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. The obtained β-CD-HPG-RGD with a relatively small size and low surface charge delivered docetaxel (Doc) effectively and displayed a targeting effect to human NPC HNE-1 cells, as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. The in vitro drug release analysis exhibited the controlled drug release kinetics of the β-CD-HPG-RGD/Doc nanomedicine. β-CD-HPG-RGD/Doc effectively inhibited the proliferation of HNE-1 cells and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, its biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo was assessed. The results indicate that the β-CD-HPG-RGD/Doc nanomedicine has potential application in NPC targeting therapy.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2022
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IF 2.042
Abdullah Akhdhar,Amr A. Yakout
Heavy metals sequestration from industrial discharges has aroused increasing attention worldwide to cleaner and sustainable water production by developing fast, effective eco-friendly nanosorbents. This study aimed to design a robust and fast nanocomposite to remove heavy metal ions, mainly Pb(II) and Cd(II). To this end, poly-(2-aminothiophenol); PATP was incorporated into graphene oxide; GO to fabricate PATP@GO nanocomposite. The structure and morphology of the novel nanocomposite were evaluated by FTIR, TEM, XRD, Raman, EDX, and TGA. Integrating PATP improved the adsorption efficiency of the GO from 61.3% to 98.6% for Pb(II) and 34.6% to 87.3% for Cd(II). Furthermore, the impact of pH, the mass of nanocomposite, metal ions concentrations, and coexisting ions were thoroughly investigated and optimized. The potential efficiency and adsorption capacity of PATP@GO nanocomposite toward Pb(II) was 98.6.00%, 142.9 mg.g-1 for Pb(II) at pH 5 and 87.3%, 125.0 mg.g-1 for Cd(II) at pH 7 within 25 minutes, respectively. This behavior was explained in terms of strong complex formation with the thiol groups of PATP, as well as the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in GO. Kinetic studies were based on pseudo-second order (R2 > 0.99) and the adsorption data are best fitted with the Langmuir model. The excellent stability of PATP@GO nanocomposite enabled effective extractions for seven successive runs (98.6%-95.3% for Pb(II) and 87.3–85.1% for Cd(II)). The developed PATP@GO nanocomposite is believed to show fast and high potential in detoxifying of heavy metal ions from different environmental samples in aquatic life.
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Journal of Fungi
·
2021
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·10
·
IF 5.816
Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed,Gan Zhao,Pengfei Cheng,Javaid A. Bhat,Wajid Ali Khattak,Mostafa G. Ali,Fawze Alnadari,Ilyas Ali,Qurban Ali,Sameh A. Korma,Yehia A.-G. Mahmoud,Manar K. Abd Elnabi,Weiti Cui,Wenbiao Shen
Whether or not hydrogen gas (H2) can reduce cadmium (Cd) toxicity inGanoderma lucidumhas remained largely unknown. Here, we report that Cd-induced growth inhibition inG. lucidumwas significantly alleviated by H2fumigation or hydrogen-rich water (HRW), evaluated by lower oxidative damage and Cd accumulation. Moreover, the amelioration effects of H2fumigation were better than of HRW in an optimum concentration of H2under our experimental conditions. Further results showed that H2-alleviated growth inhibition inG. lucidumwas accompanied by increased nitric oxide (NO) level and nitrate reductase (NR) activity under Cd stress. On the other hand, the mitigation effects were reversed after removing endogenous NO with its scavenger cPTIO or inhibiting H2-induced NR activity with sodium tungstate. The role of NO in H2-alleviated growth inhibition under Cd stress was proved to be achieved through a restoration of redox balance, an increase in cysteine and proline contents, and a reduction in Cd accumulation. In summary, these results clearly revealed that NR-dependent NO might be involved in the H2-alleviated Cd toxicity inG. lucidumthrough rebuilding redox homeostasis, increasing cysteine and proline levels, and reducing Cd accumulation. These findings may open a new window for H2application in Cd-stressed economically important fungi.Keywords:hydrogen fumigation;nitric oxide;hydrogen-rich water;stress alleviation;cysteine;proline;Ganoderma lucidum
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2021
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IF 6.165
Jiahao Li,Shiyao Li,Jiaao Chen,Rong Cheng,Fangyuan Chen,Xuli Li,Xuemei Zhang,Tianyu Zeng,Haobo Hou
Many Industrial effluents contain high concentrations of Cd(II) and Pb(II), which are serious problems for causing threat to human health. Adsorption has drawn considerable attention owing to its high efficiency and easy operation. In this paper, nanoscale nitrogen-doped aerogel microspheres (NCA) was synthesised through polymerization of phenolic resin and melamine in an emulsion suspension system. Factors influencing the adsorption properties of NCA and carbon aerogels microspheres (CA) toward Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions were studied, namely, pH, adsorbent content, initial Cd(II) and Pb(II) concentrations, and contact time. Furthermore, three models isotherm including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sipss and three kinetic models were used in interpreting the adsorption process. NCA exhibited an excellent adsorption property and maximum removal capacity of 935.56 mg·g −1 for Pb(II) and 282.07 mg·g −1 for Cd(II). Results from XPS analysis implied that the amount of Pb absorbed by NCA was higher than that of CA mainly because of the complexing effect of nitrogen-containing functional groups on Pb(II). Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that N doping is beneficial to Pb(II) adsorption. These results suggested that NCA can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from industrial effluents.
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