Catalysts
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2026
·Vol. 16
·期 8
·707
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IF 4.5
Zibin Hai,Jingwei Han,Mengyao Xue,Yunhua Zhang
In semiconductor photocatalysis, the strong redox ability of a wide band gap and the broad light absorption range of a narrow band gap are a pair of irreconcilable trade-offs. By combining semiconductors with different band gap widths and band edge positions, both of these advantages can be achieved simultaneously. A ternary Cu2O-SnO2/g-C3N4(CuSnCN) composite photocatalyst was prepared through the hydrothermal and calcination method. Structural analyses confirm the successful integration of truncated octahedral Cu2O, spherical SnO2, and layered g-C3N4, which extends the visible-light response to 650 nm. The optimized system achieves a remarkable 96.58% degradation of methyl orange (80 min, 0.2 g/L catalyst, pH = 3) through dual heterojunction synergies: p–n junctions (Cu2O/g-C3N4and SnO2/g-C3N4) and Z-scheme charge transfer (SnO2/Cu2O), with •O2−/h+identified as the dominant reactive species. This work establishes a tunable heterojunction platform for the elimination of multiple pollutants through engineered radical-generation pathways.
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NANO
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2025
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IF 1.1
Jinglin Wang,Yuntian Wei,Shikun Chen,Chan Zheng
Efficient interfacial carrier transfer and separation can effectively enhance photocatalytic activity. In this study, a high-performance Z-scheme Ti 3 C 2 @TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 (TCTCN) ternary photocatalyst possessing a hollow flower-like architecture was synthesized using a reliable and effective method. Ti 3 C 2 @TiO 2 heterojunctions were constructed because exfoliated Ti 3 C 2 was partially oxidized to TiO 2 during the formation of hollow g-C 3 N 4 flower-like microspheres. In the Z-scheme heterojunction, the highly conductive metallic Ti 3 C 2 layers functioned as solid-state electron mediators, promoting electron–hole separation and migration efficiency. Under visible-light irradiation, the as-synthesized TCTCN photocatalyst possessed outstanding photocatalytic tetracycline (TC) degradation efficiency that was 2.03-fold and 1.25-fold higher than those of individual layered and hollow flower-like g-C 3 N 4 , respectively. The excellent photocatalytic TC degradation efficiency is attributed to the unique hollow structure and synergy among the Ti 3 C 2 , TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4 structures in the TCTCN composite, enabling the Z-scheme-mechanism-assisted rapid separation and slow recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs because of the increased photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the TCTCN ternary hybrid photocatalysts possessed good physical stability and reusability, and the TC degradation efficiency negligibly decreased after five cycles. This work is an important development to establish a sound foundation for designing g-C 3 N 4 -based hybrid photocatalysts possessing substantial charge carrier separation and transfer for efficiently degrading antibiotics.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Zhiren Guo,Xinyue Liu,Jinlei Song,Hansheng Li,Dongxiang Zhang,Ting Liu,Xinyuan Li,Antonio Juan Dos Santos-García,Xiyan Xu,Jiatao Zhang
Conventional type-II heterojunctions broaden visible-light absorption and enhance charge separation but weaken redox potentials via charge migration, reducing thermodynamic driving force for surface catalysis. A novel direct Z -scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed by decorating B 4 C with TiO 2 nanoparticles for efficient solar-driven degradation of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and other biocidal pollutants. The optimized TiO 2 /B 4 C photocatalyst achieved 98% BIT degradation within 4 h under simulated solar irradiation, with an apparent rate constant of 1.00 h −1 , approximately 38 and 6.2 times higher than those of pristine B 4 C and TiO 2 , respectively. The incorporation of B 4 C broadened visible-light absorption and promoted interfacial charge separation, while the formation of an internal electric field enabled a direct Z -scheme charge-transfer pathway that preserved strong redox potentials. As a result, photogenerated electrons accumulated on B 4 C and generated O 2 •− radicals, whereas holes retained on TiO 2 produced • OH radicals, jointly driving the oxidative degradation of pollutants. Electron Spin Resonance and radical scavenger analyses confirmed O 2 •− and • OH as the key reactive species. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further elucidated the interfacial charge-transfer mechanism and the degradation pathway of BIT. This work demonstrates that the TiO 2 /B 4 C Z -scheme heterojunction provides an efficient strategy for solar-driven photocatalytic removal of biocidal pollutants, providing insights into rational design of high-performance photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
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DESALINATION
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2026
·
IF 9.9
Zhouxiao Zhai,Jingce Bi,Linshan Wang,Ningning Liu,Yi Wang,Xia Zhang,Zhuopeng Wang,Yide Han
A g-C 3 N 4 /Bi 2 MoO 6 /Bi 2 WO 6 ternary heterojunction was constructed via simple mechanical grinding and thermal treatment. • GBMW follows a dual Z -scheme charge-transfer pathway, preserving strong redox capability for enhanced photocatalysis. • U(VI) acts as an electron acceptor to promote charge separation and improve photocatalytic performance. Due to the difficulty of conventional photocatalytic systems in simultaneously achieving strong oxidation and reduction processes, the treatment of wastewater containing coexisting uranium and organic pollutants remains a critical challenge in the field of photocatalysis. Herein, a novel g-C 3 N 4 /Bi 2 MoO 6 /Bi 2 WO 6 (GBMW) ternary photocatalyst with a dual Z -scheme heterojunction architecture was rationally constructed for the removal of U(VI) and tetracycline (TC) under visible-light irradiation. The dual Z-scheme heterojunction extends the visible-light response range and accelerates interfacial charge transfer, while preserving strong redox potentials. Within 100 min, GBMW achieves a U(VI) reduction efficiency of 91.6% and a TC degradation efficiency of 97.6%, with corresponding k obs values of 0.02332 and 0.03664 min −1 , respectively, which are significantly superior to those of BiMO, BiWO, GCN and GBW. Notably, U(VI) can act as an efficient electron acceptor to promote the separation of electrons and holes in GBMW, which significantly facilitates the degradation of TC. Moreover, GBMW demonstrates excellent stability and anti-interference performance in various real water matrices. This work not only provides a feasible strategy for constructing high-efficiency dual Z -scheme heterojunctions photocatalysts, but also offers an effective solution for treating complex wastewater containing coexisting organic pollutants and radioactive contaminants. Download: Download high-res image (264KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
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2026
·
IF 4.4
Mengxia Ji,Zhen Tao,Tiange Wei,Yifan Shao,Qing Xu,Jinman Yang,Jiexiang Xia,Huaming Li
A direct Z -scheme heterojunction was constructed between carbon nitride and BiOBr 0.5 I 0.5 ultrathin nanosheets. • The optimized composite achieved 84% BPA removal efficiency under visible light irradiation within 40 min. • The internal electric field at the heterointerface drives a direct Z-scheme charge transfer pathway. • The h + , •O 2 − , and •OH were identified as dominant active species via ESR and scavenging experiments. • Enhanced spatial carrier separation and preserved redox ability synergistically boost photocatalytic degradation activity. Bismuth oxyhalide-based solid solutions have excellent visible light absorption and oxidation capabilities, but limited charge separation efficiency hinders their applications. In this study, a Z-scheme heterojunction involved ultrathin polymeric carbon nitride (CN) and BiOBr 0.5 I 0.5 solid solution (BOBI) nanosheets was synthesized for BPA photodegradation. The well-matched energy bands and work function difference between CN and BOBI promote efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, CN/BOBI retains the strong reduction capacity of CN and the strong oxidation capacity of BOBI, which is conducive to the generation of more reactive oxygen species (ROS, •OH and •O 2 − ) and holes. Based on these advantages, CN/BOBI exhibits excellent bisphenol A (BPA) removal performance. The optimized CN/BOBI-2 composite achieves an 84% BPA removal efficiency under visible light irradiation. This work establishes a scalable strategy for modulating solid solution photocatalysts via heterojunction engineering, which can be applied to sustainable environmental remediation. Download: Download high-res image (213KB) Download: Download full-size image
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Yue Meng,Xinyao Wang,Zhiling Huang,Shengjie Xia
In this study, a novel ternary dual Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (LBQ) was constructed by integrating cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) with BiOIO 3 and CoCr-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for the efficient photodegradation of norfloxacin (NOR) in water. The synergistic effects of CdS QDs and the dual Z-scheme charge transfer pathway endow the system with broadened spectral response, significantly enhanced charge separation, and abundant surface active sites. Under optimized conditions (catalyst dosage, initial NOR concentration, temperature, and pH), the optimal LBQ composite achieved an 87% NOR removal rate within 120 min of visible-light irradiation, with a remarkably low activation energy of 7.289 kJ/mol, indicating a facile and energy-efficient degradation process. Detailed characterizations, including PL, photocurrent, UV–Vis DRS, VB-XPS, and BET analysis, reveal that the internal electric field of the Z-scheme heterojunction effectively promotes photogenerated electron–hole pair separation, while the introduction of CdS QDs further creates an additional Z-scheme electron transfer channel and enhances light absorption and specific surface area via quantum confinement effects. This work provides a new strategy for designing high-performance photocatalysts for antibiotic wastewater treatment. Download: Download high-res image (154KB) Download: Download full-size image
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BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
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2026
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IF 11.8
Jixiang Li,Genyun Zhou,Fei Wu,Jinping Yuan,Linan Hu,Qiang Zhang,Wenge Yang,Yonghong Hu
Tetracycline (TC) is a persistent broad-spectrum antibiotic that poses significant threats to human health and the environment. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor for rapid TC detection. The sensor utilizes a flexible Si-doped carbon fiber membrane derived from polyacrylonitrile and dimethyldiethoxysilane as a conductive substrate. After coating with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS), a ternary UiO-66-NH 2 /Ag/g-C 3 N 4 Z-scheme heterojunction is assembled as the photoactive core, followed by electrostatic immobilization of laccase to achieve specific TC recognition. Electrochemical characterization confirmed that laccase improved both the biocatalytic activity and electron-transfer efficiency of the electrode. Combined with transient photocurrent measurements and molecular dynamics simulations, the sensing mechanism was shown to be dominated by steric hindrance arising from TC occupation of the laccase active site, followed by oxygen consumption, yielding a detection limit of 0.012 μM over 0-30 μM TC (R 2 = 0.993). UV diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-DRs), Mott–Schottky analysis (M-S), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements further verified that the Ag-mediated Z-scheme pathway significantly enhanced carrier separation. With excellent stability and anti-interference performance in real river water and complex matrices, this work provides an effective strategy for antibiotic detection by integrating flexible carbon-based substrates with advanced Z-scheme photocatalytic systems.
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
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2026
·
IF 4.9
Hongbin He,Xi Zhu,Ziping Huo,Bolong Liang,Shu-Xuan Liang
AgI@MIL-101(Fe) photocatalyst was fabricated via in-situ precipitation method. • The photocatalyst achieved 95.25% degradation efficiency of OTC within 180 min. • The photocatalyst exhibited excellent practical applicability in real water samples. • Z-scheme heterojunction mechanism and degradation pathway were elucidated. Owing to their extensive and long-term application as well as poor degradability, antibiotics are inevitably persistent in aquatic environments due to their extensive and long-term use as well as heir difficulty in degradation. The development of efficient photocatalysts is therefore of crucial significance in environmental purification. In this study, a Z-scheme MIL-101(Fe) heterojunction photocatalyst was rationally designed and fabricated via a combined solvothermal and in-situ precipitation methods for the efficient removal of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC), where MIL-101(Fe) is a typical member of the metal-organic framework (MOF) family. A series of characterization methods were employed to systematically observe the morphology and microstructure, optical properties, and photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared photocatalyst. The AgI@MIL-101(Fe) nanocomposites achieved an OTC degradation efficiency of 95.25% within 180 min under visible-light irradiation, demonstrating superior photocatalytic activity compared to a single-component counterparts. Structural characterizations results indicated that AgI formed a tight interface contact with MIL-101(Fe), which provided an effective structural foundation for theheterojunction construction. AgI particles were well dispersed on MIL-101(Fe), effectively mitigating their aggregation and thus creating abundant light absorption and reaction sites for photocatalytic reactions. Photoelectrochemical measurements further demonstrated that the nanocomposite possessed strong light absorption ability and high separation efficiency for photogenerated carriers. The as-prepared photocatalyst also exhibited excellent practical applicability in the treatment of actual water samples from Baiyangdian Lake. Five cycles of experiments indicated that its outstanding structural and catalytic stability. Mechanistic investigations identified superoxide radicals (•O 2 − ) as the primary active factors responsible for OTC degradation. Finally, the typical Z-scheme heterojunction mechanism and degradation pathway of OTC were finally proposed. This work provides a new design strategy and practical reference for the development of high-performance photocatalysts targeting the efficient removal of OTC and other antibiotics from aquatic environments. Download: Download high-res image (211KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2026
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IF 6.7
Fuhua Mao,Decai Yang,Kexin Shi,Qiqi Zhou,Chao Qu,Feixing Li,Yujia Lv,Dawei Liang,Qing Ye
Tetracycline (TC) residues in the environment pose serious ecological and health risks, yet conventional treatment methods are often inefficient. Herein, a composite photocatalyst composed of porous graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CN) and FeNi 2 S 4 microspheres (FNS) was successfully synthesized via calcination, solvothermal, and electrostatic self-assembly methods. The as-prepared FNS/CN heterojunction exhibited outstanding performance in the visible-light-driven activation of H 2 O 2 for TC degradation, achieving a removal efficiency of 88.9% within 100 min, with a reaction rate constant (k) of 0.0202 min −1 , which is 2.4 and 8.1 times higher than that of pure CN and FNS, respectively. The enhanced activity was attributed to the Z-scheme heterojunction structure, which facilitated efficient charge separation, broadened visible-light absorption, and provided abundant active sites. Meanwhile, the introduction of FNS established an efficient photo-assisted Fenton-like system. Photogenerated electrons continuously accelerated the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ and Ni 3+ /Ni 2+ redox cycles to in situ activate H 2 O 2 , significantly promoting hydroxyl radical generation. Mechanistic studies revealed that ·O 2 - , 1 O 2 and ·OH were the main active substances, and holes cooperatively promoted the degradation. The catalyst also demonstrated excellent stability and recyclability over five consecutive cycles. This work provides a promising strategy for designing efficient photocatalysts for antibiotic degradation via H 2 O 2 activation.
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LANGMUIR
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Lei Zhang,Jianhao Qiu,Guanglu Xia,Chen Chen,Meng Liu,Yiliang Chen,Jianfeng Yao
Element doping has attracted extensive attention as a strategy to regulate the electronic structure of catalysts. In this study, Ni-doped Bi2MoO6 nanosheets were uniformly anchored onto rod-like In2O3 to furnish substantial accessible reactive sites and close interfacial contact. Ni doping enabled a precise modulation for the band configuration of Bi2MoO6, imparting a Z-scheme heterojunction between Ni-doped Bi2MoO6 and In2O3. The Ni-doped Bi2MoO6/In2O3 Z-scheme heterojunction exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance in the treatment of Cr(VI) and emerging organic contaminants. In the Cr(VI)/bisphenol A coexistence system, Ni-doped Bi2MoO6/In2O3 not only achieved high reduction efficiency for Cr(VI), but also enhanced the degradation rate of bisphenol A by a factor of 4.7 compared to the single-pollutant system. The removal efficiencies could surpass many related reported studies. The product toxicity after bisphenol A degradation in a mixed Cr(VI)/bisphenol A system was analyzed by the total organic carbon content, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the toxicity estimation software tool, and microbial activity, manifesting that their impact on the environment has been greatly reduced. Furthermore, the catalyst maintains stable and consistent performance in multiple binary systems, including Cr(VI)/tetracycline and Cr(VI)/ciprofloxacin. This work provides insights for the design of element-doped heterojunction catalysts, which demonstrate high performance, durability, and environmental compatibility in the treatment of complex wastewater.
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PubMed
高影响因子
DESALINATION
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2026
·
IF 9.9
Jia-Li Wu,Lei Xu,Guo-Wu Zhan,Ming-Lai Fu,Baoling Yuan
A bifunctional evaporator for sola evaporation and photocatalysis was developed. • The 3D hydrogel shows broad-spectrum solar absorption and high energy efficiency. • The Z-scheme heterojunction boosts charge separation and phenol degradation. • A detailed degradation mechanism and reaction pathway of phenol are proposed. Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and low-carbon-emission characteristics. However, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are often not effectively removed during the evaporation process, which can lead to secondary contamination of the collected condensate. Integrating SIE with photocatalysis for seawater desalination has therefore emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate the accumulation of VOCs in the condensate during seawater treatment. In this study, manganese (IV) oxide nanomaterials were coated with silver bromide to construct an AgBr/β-MnO 2 heterojunction that suppresses the fast charge annihilation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs and enhances photocatalytic efficiency. The resulting composite was further incorporated into a photothermal hydrogel (AgBr/β-MnO 2 -PH) matrix with excellent photothermal evaporation properties, forming a three-dimensional (3D) photocatalytic evaporation system capable of significantly improving the removal efficiency of VOCs during photothermal evaporation. Under standard solar irradiation (1 sun, 1 kW m −2 ), the porous acrylamide-based hydrogel evaporator achieved an evaporation rate of 3.47 kg m −2 h −1 and a photothermal transformation efficiency of 93.98%. In-situ irradiated XPS reveals light-induced electron enrichment on AgBr accompanied by electron depletion on β-MnO 2 , providing experimental support for a direct Z -scheme interfacial charge-transfer pathway that promotes carrier separation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated photocatalysis. Consequently, the AgBr/β-MnO 2 -PH system exhibits a removal efficiency exceeding 99% when treating phenol-containing wastewater. Overall, this work demonstrates an effective strategy for coupling SIE with photocatalytic degradation of VOCs. The developed AgBr/β-MnO 2 -PH provides a promising approach for producing freshwater from VOC-contaminated sources and offers new insights into the application of solar energy in seawater desalination and wastewater purification. Download: Download high-res image (337KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 4.7
Di Wang,Yingying Zhu,Jinze Li,Wensheng Yang,Yulin Zhao,Geng Chen
The Z-scheme heterojunctions have garnered significant attention in photocatalysis due to their enhanced charge carrier separation and transport capabilities. In this study, a novel Z-scheme heterojunction composed of phosphorus-doped carbon nitride (P-C 3 N 4 ) and manganese-doped carbon nitride (Mn-C 3 N 4 ) was constructed via a simple and efficient ball milling method. Compared to the pristine g-C 3 N 4 , P-C 3 N 4 , and Mn-C 3 N 4 , the P-C 3 N 4 /Mn-C 3 N 4 Z-scheme heterojunction demonstrated a substantial improvement in photocatalytic performance. This enhancement is attributed to the optimized energy band alignment and intimate interface contact between the two components, which promote efficient charge carrier separation, accelerate electron transport, and improve interface stability. Experimental results showed that the P-C 3 N 4 /Mn-C 3 N 4 system achieved complete degradation (100 %) of Rhodamine B (RhB) and 91.1 % degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) within 60 min. Additionally, the system retained over 80 % of its catalytic activity after five cycles, suggesting its promising potential for industrial applications. This study provides a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach, offering valuable insights for the design of Z-scheme heterojunctions and innovative C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts.
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